ASTM D1044-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion by the Taber Abraser
Standard Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion by the Taber Abraser
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Transparent plastic materials, when used as windows or enclosures, are subject to wiping and cleaning; hence the maintenance of optical quality of a material after abrasion is important. It is the purpose of this test method to provide a means of estimating the resistance of such materials to this type and degree of abrasion.
4.2 Although this test method does not provide fundamental data, it is suitable for grading materials relative to this type of abrasion in a manner which correlates with service.
4.3 Comparison of interlaboratory data or the specification of a “haze” value has no significance if the hazemeter requirements given in 5.4 are not used. This is because light diffused from the surface of a Taber track is scattered at a narrow angle (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) while light diffused internally by a specimen is scattered at a wide angle. In many hazemeters, when a diaphragm is inserted to limit the light beam to the width of the abraded track, the specular beam at the exit port becomes smaller. The dark annulus will then be greater than the 0.023 rad ± 0.002 rad (1.3° ± 0.1°) requirements of Test Method D1003. Since a large percentage of the narrow-angle forward-scattered light will not impinge on the sphere wall, “haze” readings become smaller. For hazemeters that have not been properly adjusted, the magnitude of this reduction is dependent both on the integrating sphere diameter and the reduction of the entrance beam.
FIG. 1 Light Scattering from Surface of Abraded Tracks (Photograph)
Note 1: This photograph shows light pattern of the scattering from the surface of a Taber abraded specimen. The circles show how increasing the 1.3° dark annulus dramatically changes the amount of light impacting the sphere wall.
FIG. 2 Light Scattering from Surface of Abraded Tracks (Graph)
Note 1: This graph shows goniophotometric curves for Taber abraded tracks. The specular angle of transmission is at 180°.
4.4 For many materials, there may be a specifi...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for estimating the resistance of transparent plastics to one kind of surface abrasion by measuring the change in optical properties.
1.2 Abrasive damage is numerically quantified by calculating the difference in haze percentage in accordance with Test Method D1003 between an abraded and unabraded specimen.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1: This test method is equivalent in the measurement of resistance to abrasion of ISO 3537, Section 8 and ISO 15082, Section 11, but is not equivalent in any other measurement or section. This test method is not equivalent to ISO 9352, and results cannot be directly compared between the two methods.
Note 2: This test method is similar to SAE J3097Z26, Test 12.
Note 3: Prior attempts to employ the Taber Abraser for volume loss determinations of various plastics2 have been unsuccessful because of excessively large coefficients of variation attributed to the data. Insufficient agreement among the participating laboratories has rendered the use of volume loss procedure inadvisable as an ASTM test method.
Note 4: For determining the resistance to abrasion of organic coatings by weight loss, reference is made to Test Method D4060, which uses more aggressive CS-10 or CS-17 abrasive wheels.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the Wor...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1044 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion by
1
the Taber Abraser
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1044; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
3
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for estimating 2.1 ASTM Standards:
the resistance of transparent plastics to one kind of surface D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
abrasion by measuring the change in optical properties. D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
of Transparent Plastics
1.2 Abrasive damage is numerically quantified by calculat-
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
ing the difference in haze percentage in accordance with Test
als
Method D1003 between an abraded and unabraded specimen.
D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Coatings by the Taber Abraser
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
only.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
NOTE 1—This test method is equivalent in the measurement of
resistance to abrasion of ISO 3537, Section 8 and ISO 15082, Section 11,
G195 Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary
but is not equivalent in any other measurement or section. This test
Platform Abraser
method is not equivalent to ISO 9352, and results cannot be directly
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2.2 ISO Standards:
compared between the two methods.
NOTE 2—This test method is similar to SAE J3097Z26, Test 12. ISO 3537 Road Vehicles—Safety Glazing Materials—
NOTE 3—Prior attempts to employ the Taber Abraser for volume loss
Mechanical Tests
2
determinations of various plastics have been unsuccessful because of
ISO 9352 Plastics—Determination of Resistance to Wear by
excessively large coefficients of variation attributed to the data. Insuffi-
Abrasive Wheels
cient agreement among the participating laboratories has rendered the use
ISO 15082 Road Vehicles—Tests for Rigid Plastic Safety
of volume loss procedure inadvisable as an ASTM test method.
NOTE 4—For determining the resistance to abrasion of organic coatings
Glazing Materials
byweightloss,referenceismadetoTestMethodD4060,whichusesmore
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2.3 ANSI Standards:
aggressive CS-10 or CS-17 abrasive wheels.
SAE J3097Z26 Standard for Safety Glazing Materials for
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Glazing Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Equipment
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Operating on Land Highways—Safety Standard
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3. Terminology
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Definitions—Definitions used in this test method are in
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
accordance with Terminology D883, unless otherwise speci-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
fied. For terms relating to precision and bias and associated
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
issues, the terms used in this test method are defined in
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
accordance with Terminology E456.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2 Definitions:
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This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
3
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2019. Published September 2019. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D1044 - 13. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D1044-19. the ASTM website.
2 4
Supporting data are available fromASTM Headquarters. Request RR:D20-48 Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
and RR:D20-1090. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1044 − 13 D1044 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion by
1
the Taber Abraser
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1044; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for estimating the resistance of transparent plastics to one kind of surface abrasion
by measuring the change in optical properties.
1.2 Abrasive damage is visually judged and numerically quantified by calculating the difference in haze percentage in
accordance with Test Method D1003 between an abraded and unabraded specimen.
1.3 CS-10F wheels manufactured between October 2002 and September 2004 have been found to give different results than
historical values. Comparisons of data using these wheels should be made with caution. Results using wheels made after September
2004 have agreed with those obtained before October 2002.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
NOTE 1—This test method is equivalent in the measurement of resistance to abrasion of ISO 3537,ISO 3537, Section 78 and ISO 15082,ISO 15082,
Section 11, but is not equivalent in any other measurement or section. This test method is not equivalent to ISO 9352,ISO 9352, and results cannot be
directly compared between the two methods.
NOTE 2—This test method is similar to ANSI/SAE Z26.1,SAE J3097Z26, Test 17.12.
2
NOTE 3—Prior attempts to employ the Taber Abraser for volume loss determinations of various plastics have been unsuccessful because of excessively
large coefficients of variation attributed to the data. Insufficient agreement among the participating laboratories has rendered the use of volume loss
procedure inadvisable as an ASTM test method.
NOTE 4—For determining the resistance to abrasion of organic coatings by weight loss, reference is made to Test Method D4060, which uses more
aggressive CS-10 or CS-17 abrasive wheels.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
G195 Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2013Sept. 1, 2019. Published September 2013September 2019. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 20082013
ϵ1
as D1044 - 08D1044 - 13. . DOI: 10.1520/D1044-13.10.1520/D1044-19.
2
Supporting data are available from ASTM Headquarters. Request RR:D20-48 and RR:D20-1090.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D1044 − 19
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2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 3537 Road Vehicles—Safety Glazing Materials—M
...
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