ASTM D6199-07
(Practice)Standard Practice for Quality of Wood Members of Containers and Pallets
Standard Practice for Quality of Wood Members of Containers and Pallets
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Each wood member contains a combination of characteristics which affects the performance of the container or pallet in which it is used. The requirements for classes, herein specified, have been established as these characteristics are related to the functional application of members in container and pallet construction and to the service that the container or pallet may be called upon to perform.
Any other specified requirements or limitations peculiar to a particular container or pallet construction or use, such as prohibiting knotholes or loose knots to provide siftproofness, limitation to certain wood groups or species, or the selection of applicable classes for specific members of or types of containers or pallet shall be the responsibility of the standard for that container or pallet.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the quality requirements for three classes of hardwood and soft-wood members, excluding man-made or fabricated wood composites, used in the construction of boxes, crates, pallets, and blocking and bracing.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
This practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of the regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D6199 – 07
Standard Practice for
1
Quality of Wood Members of Containers and Pallets
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6199; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.1 brash, n—decay characteristic, which is the breaking
of the grain without splintering.
1.1 This practice covers the quality requirements for three
3.2.2 crate frame members, n—those parts which form the
classes of hardwood and soft-wood members, excluding man-
fundamental structure upon which the strength and rigidity of
made or fabricated wood composites, used in the construction
crates depend.
of boxes, crates, pallets, and blocking and bracing.
3.2.3 diagonals, n—frame members placed at angles of
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
nearly45°tootherframemembers,toensuretherigidityofthe
as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for
crate.
information only.
3.2.4 linderman joint, n—glued dove-tailed joint between
1.3 This practice does not purport to address all of the
two or more pieces of wood.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.5 longitudinal frame members, n—horizontal members
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of the side, end, and top panels of crates.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.6 punk, n—decay characteristic, which is very dry,
bility of the regulatory limitations prior to use.
powdery, and crumbly wood.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.7 siftproofness, n—the prohibition of the migration of
2
material, of any size, from the interior to the exterior of a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
container.
D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-
3.2.8 struts, n—vertical frame members placed between the
ucts
upper and lower frame members of the side and end panels of
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
a crate that serve as columns for supporting vertical stacking
ments
loads.
D4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-
ment of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
4. Significance and Use
3
2.2 MHIA/ANSI Standard:
4.1 Each wood member contains a combination of charac-
MHIA/ANSI MH1–2005 Pallets, Slip Sheets, and Other
teristics which affects the performance of the container or
Bases for Unit Loads
pallet in which it is used. The requirements for classes, herein
3. Terminology
specified, have been established as these characteristics are
related to the functional application of members in container
3.1 Definitions—General definitions for packaging and dis-
and pallet construction and to the service that the container or
tribution environments are found in Terminology D996. Gen-
pallet may be called upon to perform.
eral definitions for wood are found in Terminology D9.
4.2 Any other specified requirements or limitations peculiar
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
to a particular container or pallet construction or use, such as
prohibiting knotholes or loose knots to provide siftproofness,
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D10 on Packaging
limitation to certain wood groups or species, or the selection of
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.12 on Shipping Containers,
applicable classes for specific members of or types of contain-
Crates, Pallets, Skids and Related Structures.
ers or pallet shall be the responsibility of the standard for that
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originally
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D6199 – 97 (2005).
container or pallet.
DOI: 10.1520/D6199-07.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5. Wood Member Classification
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 5.1 Class 1—Structural (highly stressed members).
the ASTM website.
5.2 Class 2—Structural (moderately stressed members).
3
Available from Material Handling Industry MH1 Secretariat, 8720 Red Oak
5.3 Class 3—Non-structural (lightly stressed members).
Blvd., Suite 201, Charlotte, NC 28217, http://www.mhiastore.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D6199 – 07
6. Wood Characteristics 6.1.2 Species—Thespeciesofwood,inthefourgroups,that
may be used for wood members of containers or pallets are
6.1 Classification:
classified as indicated in Table 1 (see Appendix X1, Table
6
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6199–97 (Reapproved 2005) Designation: D 6199 – 07
Standard Practice for
1
Quality of Wood Members of Containers and Pallets
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6199; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the quality requirements for three classes of hardwood and soft-wood members, excluding
man–mademan-made or fabricated wood composites, used in the construction of boxes, crates, pallets, and blocking and bracing.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for
information only.
1.3 This practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of the regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 9Terminology Relating to Wood Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Products
D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environments
D 4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
3
2.2 ASME/ANSI Standard:MHIA/ANSI Standard:
ASME/ANSI MH1.8MWood Pallets MHIA/ANSI MH1–2005 Pallets, Slip Sheets, and Other Bases for Unit Loads
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions— General definitions for packaging and distribution environments are found in Terminology D 996. General
definitions for wood are found in Terminology D 9.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 brash, n—decay characteristic, which is the breaking of the grain without splintering.
3.2.2 crate frame members, n—those parts which form the fundamental structure upon which the strength and rigidity of crates
depend.
3.2.3 diagonals, n—frame members placed at angles of nearly 45° to other frame members, to ensure the rigidity of the crate.
3.2.4 linderman joint, n—glued dove-tailed joint between two or more pieces of wood.
3.2.5 longitudinal frame members, n—horizontal members of the side, end, and top panels of crates.
3.2.6 punk, n—decay characteristic, which is very dry, powdery, and crumbly wood.
3.2.7 siftproofness, n—the prohibition of the migration of material, of any size, from the interior to the exterior of a container.
3.2.8 struts, n—vertical frame members placed between the upper and lower frame members of the side and end panels of a
crate that serve as columns for supporting vertical stacking loads.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Each wood member contains a combination of characteristics which affects the performance of the container or pallet in
which it is used. The requirements for classes, herein specified, have been established as these characteristics are related to the
functional application of members in container and pallet construction and to the service that the container or pallet may be called
upon to perform.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D10 on Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.26D10.12 on Shipping Containers,
Crates, Pallets, Skids and Related Structures (Disbanded 5/05). Structures.
Current edition approved AprilOct. 1, 2005.2007. Published April 2005.November 2007. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 19972005 as
e1
D6199-97 .D 6199 – 97 (2005).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.
3
Available from Material Handling Industry MH1 Secretariat, 8720 Red Oak Blvd., Suite 201, Charlotte, NC 28217, http://www.mhiastore.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6199–07
4.2 Any other specified requirements or limitations peculiar to a particular container or pallet construction or use, such as
prohibiti
...
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