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ASTM D5449/D5449M-93(2006)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Transverse Compressive Properties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite Cylinders

Standard Test Method for Transverse Compressive Properties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite Cylinders

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is designed to produce transverse compressive property data for material specifications, research and development, quality assurance, and structural design and analysis. Factors that influence the transverse compressive response and should therefore be reported are: material, method of material preparation, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment and gripping, speed of testing, void content, and fiber volume fraction. Properties in the test direction that may be obtained from this test method are:
5.1.1 Transverse compressive strength, σ22uc,
5.1.2 Transverse compressive strain at failure, ε22uc,
5.1.3 Transverse compressive modulus of elasticity, E22, and
5.1.4 Poisson’ratio, γ21.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the transverse compressive properties of wound polymer matrix composites reinforced by high-modulus continuous fibers. It describes testing of hoop wound (90) cylinders in axial compression for determination of transverse compressive properties.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Jan-2006
ICS
83.140.20 - Laminated sheets
Technical Committee
D30 - Composite Materials
Drafting Committee
D30.04 - Lamina and Laminate Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5449/D5449M-93(2000) - Standard Test Method for Transverse Compressive Properties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite Cylinders
Effective Date
15-Jan-2006
Replaced By
ASTM D5449/D5449M-11 - Standard Test Method for Transverse Compressive Properties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite Cylinders
Effective Date
15-Nov-2011
Referred By
ASTM D4762-18 - Standard Guide for Testing Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Effective Date
15-Jan-2006
Referred By
ASTM D5448/D5448M-22 - Standard Test Method for Inplane Shear Properties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite Cylinders
Effective Date
15-Jan-2006
Referred By
ASTM D5450/D5450M-22 - Standard Test Method for Transverse Tensile Properties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite Cylinders
Effective Date
15-Jan-2006

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ASTM D5449/D5449M-93(2006) - Standard Test Method for Transverse Compressive Properties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite CylindersASTM D5449/D5449M-93(2006) - Standard Test Method for Transverse Compressive Properties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite Cylinders
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ASTM D5449/D5449M-93(2006) - Standard Test Method for Transverse Compressive Properties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite Cylinders
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5449/D5449M – 93 (Reapproved 2006)
Standard Test Method for
Transverse Compressive Properties of Hoop Wound
1
Polymer Matrix Composite Cylinders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5449/D5449M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
Materials
1.1 This test method determines the transverse compressive
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
properties of wound polymer matrix composites reinforced by
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption
high-modulus continuous fibers. It describes testing of hoop
Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Ma-
wound (90°) cylinders in axial compression for determination
trix Composite Materials
of transverse compressive properties.
D5448/D5448M Test Method for Inplane Shear Properties
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite Cylinders
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the
D5450/D5450M Test Method for Transverse Tensile Prop-
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
erties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite Cylin-
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
ders
must be used independently of the other. Combining values
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
E6 TerminologyRelatingtoMethodsofMechanicalTesting
standard.
E11 SpecificationforWovenWireTestSieveClothandTest
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Sieves
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of a Lot or Process
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
E132 Test Method for Poisson’s Ratio at Room Tempera-
2. Referenced Documents
ture
2
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ASTM Test Methods
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
E251 Test Methods for Performance Characteristics of Me-
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
tallic Bonded Resistance Strain Gauges
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Resins
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
D2734 Test Methods for Void Content of Reinforced Plas-
E1237 GuideforInstallingBondedResistanceStrainGages
tics
3. Terminology
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.04 on
to high-modulus fibers and their composites. Terminology
Lamina and Laminate Test Methods.
D883definestermsrelatingtoplastics.TerminologyE6defines
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2006. Published January 2006. Originally
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D5449/D5449M–93
terms relating to mechanical testing. Terminology E456 and
(2000). DOI: 10.1520/D5449_D5449M-93R06.
PracticeE177definestermsrelatingtostatistics.Intheeventof
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
a conflict between terms, Terminology D3878 shall have
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on precedence over other standards.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5449/D5449M – 93 (2006)
3
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: damage induced by improper coupon machining are known
3.2.1 winding—an entire part completed by one winding causes of high material data scatter in composites.
operation and then cured. 6.2 Bonding Specimens to Test Fixtures—Ahighpercentage
3.2.2 hoop wound, n—awindingofacylindricalcomponent of failures in or near the bond between the test specimen and
in which the filaments are circumferentially oriented. the test fixture, especially when combined with high material
3.2.3 specimen—a single part cut from a winding. Each data sca
...

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Standard Test Method for Short-Beam Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials and Their Laminates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In most cases, because of the complexity of internal stresses and the variety of failure modes that can occur in this specimen, it is not generally possible to relate the short-beam strength to any one material property. However, failures are normally dominated by resin and interlaminar properties, and the test results have been found to be repeatable for a given specimen geometry, material system, and stacking sequence  (4).  
5.2 Short-beam strength determined by this test method can be used for quality control and process specification purposes. It can also be used for comparative testing of composite materials, provided that failures occur consistently in the same mode (5) .  
5.3 This test method is not limited to specimens within the range specified in Section 8, but is limited to the use of a loading span length-to-specimen thickness ratio of 4.0 and a minimum specimen thickness of 2.0 mm [0.08 in.].
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1.1 This test method determines the short-beam strength of high-modulus fiber-reinforced composite materials. The specimen is a short beam machined from a curved or a flat laminate up to 6.00 mm [0.25 in.] thick. The beam is loaded in three-point bending.  
1.2 Application of this test method is limited to continuous- or discontinuous-fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites, for which the elastic properties are balanced and symmetric with respect to the longitudinal axis of the beam.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D5449/D5449M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Transverse Compressive Properties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite Cylinders

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to produce transverse compressive property data for material specifications, research and development, quality assurance, and structural design and analysis. Factors that influence the transverse compressive response and should therefore be reported are: material, method of material preparation, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment and gripping, speed of testing, void content, and fiber volume fraction. Properties in the test direction that may be obtained from this test method are:  
5.1.1 Transverse compressive strength, σ22uc,  
5.1.2 Transverse compressive strain at failure, ε22uc,  
5.1.3 Transverse compressive modulus of elasticity, E22, and  
5.1.4 Poisson's ratio, γ21.
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1.1 This test method determines the transverse compressive properties of wound polymer matrix composites reinforced by high-modulus continuous fibers. It describes testing of hoop wound (90°) cylinders in axial compression for determination of transverse compressive properties.  
1.2 The technical content of this test method has been stable since 1993 without significant objection from its stakeholders. As there is limited technical support for the maintenance of this test method, changes since that date have been limited to items required to retain consistency with other ASTM D30 Committee standards, including editorial changes and incorporation of updated guidance on specimen preconditioning and environmental testing. The test method, therefore, should not be considered to include any significant changes in approach and practice since 1993. Future maintenance of the test method will only be in response to specific requests and performed only as technical support allows.  
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1.3.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
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ASTM D5450/D5450M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Transverse Tensile Properties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite Cylinders

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to produce transverse tensile property data for material specifications, research and development, quality assurance, and structural design and analysis. Factors which influence the transverse tensile response and should, therefore, be reported are: material, methods of material preparation, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment and gripping, speed of testing, void content, and fiber volume fraction. Properties, in the test direction, which may be obtained from this test method include:  
5.1.1 Transverse Tensile Strength,    
5.1.2 Transverse Tensile Strain at Failure,    
5.1.3 Transverse Tensile Modulus of Elasticity,  E22, and  
5.1.4 Poisson's Ratio,  υ21.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the transverse tensile properties of wound polymer matrix composites reinforced by high-modulus continuous fibers. It describes testing of hoop wound (90°) cylinders in axial tension for determination of transverse tensile properties.  
1.2 The technical content of this test method has been stable since 1993 without significant objection from its stakeholders. As there is limited technical support for the maintenance of this test method, changes since that date have been limited to items required to retain consistency with other ASTM D30 Committee standards, including editorial changes and incorporation of updated guidance on specimen preconditioning and environmental testing. The test method, therefore, should not be considered to include any significant changes in approach and practice since 1993. Future maintenance of the test method will only be in response to specific requests and performed only as technical support allows.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1922/E1922M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Translaminar Fracture Toughness of Laminated and Pultruded Polymer Matrix Composite Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The parameter KTL  determined by this test method is a measure of the resistance of a polymer matrix composite laminate to notch-tip damage and effective translaminar crack growth under opening mode loading. The result is valid only for conditions in which the damage zone at the notch tip is small compared with the notch length and the in-plane specimen dimensions. Alternately, for materials exhibiting distributed damage in a larger volume, observed force-displacement and discrete damage events are still valid structural responses for certain specific engineering applications.  
5.2 This test method can serve the following purposes. In research and development, (a) KTL data can quantitatively establish the effects of fiber and matrix variables and stacking sequence of the laminate on the translaminar fracture resistance of composite laminates; and (b) quantified distributed damage measurements can be used to validate progressive composite damage models. In structural design, KTL data can, within the constraints of the specimen geometry and loading, be used to assess composite laminate resistance to damage growth from edge flaws and notches.  
5.3 The translaminar fracture toughness,  KTL, as well as distributed damage observations, determined by this test method may be a function of the testing speed and temperature. This test method is intended for room temperature and quasi-static conditions, but it can apply to other test conditions provided that the requirements of 13.2 and 13.3 are met. Application of KTL in the design of service components should be made with awareness that the test parameters specified by this test may differ from service conditions, possibly resulting in a different material response than that seen in service. Distributed damage observations are also limited to the material and geometry tested, but may be more generally applied to a variety of structural analysis validation applications.  
5.4 Not all types of laminated polymer matrix...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of translaminar fracture toughness, KTL, for laminated, molded, or pultruded polymer matrix composite materials of various fiber orientations using test results from monotonically loaded notched specimens. If the material response is such that the KTL calculation is not valid, alternate reporting methods are provided.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to room temperature laboratory air environments.  
1.3 Composite materials that can be tested by this test method are not limited by thickness or by type of polymer matrix or fiber, provided that the specimen sizes and the test results meet the requirements of this test method. This test method was developed primarily from test results of various carbon fiber – epoxy matrix laminates and from additional results of glass fiber – epoxy matrix, glass fiber-polyester matrix pultrusions and carbon fiber – bismaleimide matrix laminates (1-4, 5, 6).2  
1.4 A range of eccentrically loaded, single-edge-notch tension, ESE(T), specimen sizes with proportional planar dimensions is provided, but planar size may be variable and adjusted, with associated changes in the applied test load. Specimen thickness is a variable, independent of planar size.  
1.5 Specimen configurations other than those contained in this test method may be used. It is particularly important that the requirements discussed in 5.1 and 5.4 regarding contained notch-tip damage be met when using alternative specimen configurations in conjunction with the KTL calculation.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown ...

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