ASTM D4863-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine Lubricants
Standard Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine Lubricants
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The oil in a two-stroke-cycle gasoline engine is either mixed with the fuel prior to use or is metered into the fuel supply at, or at some point prior to, its passage into the engine crankcase. The possibility of the amount of oil actually present in the engine being less than optimum always exists. Also, with some oil metering systems short periods of operation with less oil than desirable can occur when the power is increased suddenly. It has also been found that the incidence of piston scuff early in the life of the engine may be related to the lubricity of the oil used as defined by test procedures of this type.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method evaluates the ability of lubricants to minimize piston and bore scuffing in two-stroke-cycle spark-ignition gasoline engines.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4863 − 10
StandardTest Method for
Determination of Lubricity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline
1
Engine Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4863; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D2270Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-
2 matic Viscosity at 40 and 100°C
1.1 This test method evaluates the ability of lubricants to
D2700Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-
minimize piston and bore scuffing in two-stroke-cycle spark-
Ignition Engine Fuel
ignition gasoline engines.
D2885TestMethodforDeterminationofOctaneNumberof
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct Compari-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
son Technique
standard.
D2896TestMethodforBaseNumberofPetroleumProducts
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the D4857Test Method for Determination of the Ability of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
LubricantstoMinimizeRingStickingandPistonDeposits
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines Other Than Out-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
boards
D4858Test Method for Determination of the Tendency of
2. Referenced Documents
Lubricants to Promote Preignition in Two-Stroke-Cycle
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Gasoline Engines
B152/B152MSpecification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate,
D6593Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
and Rolled Bar
Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-
D439Specification for Automotive Gasoline (Withdrawn
Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gaso-
4
1990)
line and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty
D445Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent Conditions
andOpaqueLiquids(andCalculationofDynamicViscos-
E178Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
5
ity)
2.2 Coordinating European Council (CEC) Standard
D664Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
CEC L-19-T-77The Evaluation of the Lubricity of Two-
by Potentiometric Titration
Stroke Engine Oils
D874Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils
and Additives
3. Terminology
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on 3.1 Definitions:
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
3.1.1 combustion chamber—in reciprocating internal com-
D02.B0.06 on Two-Stroke Cycle Gasoline.
bustion engines, the volume bounded by the piston crown and
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originally
any portion of the cylinder walls extending above the piston
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4863–08. DOI:
10.1520/D4863-10.
crown when in the top dead center position, and the inner
2
Until the next revision of this test method, theASTM Test Monitoring Center
surface of the cylinder head including any spark plugs and
will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters.These can
other inserted components. D4858
beobtainedfromtheASTMTestMonitoringCenter,6555PennAve.,Pittsburgh,PA
15206–4489. ATT: Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in all Infor-
3.1.2 lubricity—aqualitativetermdescribingtheabilityofa
mation Letters through No. 01–4.
lubricant to minimize friction between and damage to surfaces
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
in relative motion under load.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
5
4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Order from the Coordinating European Council, 61 New Cavendish Street,
www.astm.org. London W1M 8AR, England.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4863 − 10
3.1.3 preignition—inaspark-ignitionengine,ignitionofthe This has 40 mm bore, 39.2 mm stroke, with an aluminum
mixture of fuel and air in the combustion chamber before the pistonoperatinginacastironcylinderbore.Thecylinderhead
passage of the spark. D4858 is removable, with a hemispherical combustion chamber.
Further details are given in AnnexA1. For the purposes of this
3.1.4 scuffıng, n—i
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4863–08 Designation:D4863–10
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Lubricity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline
1
Engine Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4863; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
2
1.1 This test method evaluates the ability of lubricants to minimize piston and bore scuffing in two-stroke-cycle spark-ignition
gasoline engines.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B152/B152M Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Rolled Bar
4
D439 Specification for Automotive Gasoline
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils and Additives
D2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40 and 100C
D2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D2885 Test Method for Determination of Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct Comparison
Technique
D2896 Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration
D4857 Test Method for Determination of the Ability of Lubricants to Minimize Ring Sticking and Piston Deposits in
Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines Other Than Outboards
D4858 Test Method for Determination of the Tendency of Lubricants to Promote Preignition in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline
Engines
D6593 Test Method for Evaluation ofAutomotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal
Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
5
2.2 Coordinating European Council (CEC) Standard
CEC L-19-T-77 The Evaluation of the Lubricity of Two-Stroke Engine Oils
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0.06
on Two-Stroke Cycle Gasoline.
Current edition approved Dec.May 1, 2008.2010. Published January 2009.June 2010. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20022008 as
D4863–02.D4863–08. DOI: 10.1520/D4863-108.
2
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters. These can be
obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206–4489. ATT: Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in all Information
Letters through No. 01–4.
3
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
5
Order from the Coordinating European Council, 61 New Cavendish Street, London W1M 8AR, England.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4863–10
3.1.1 combustion chamber—in reciprocating internal combustion engines, the volume bounded by the piston crown and any
portion of the cylinder walls extending above the piston crown when in the top dead center position, and the inner surface of the
cylinder head including any spark plugs and other inserted components. D4858
3.1.2 lubricity—a qualitative term describing the ability of a lubricant to minimize friction between and damage to surfaces in
relative motion under load.
3.1.3 preignition—in a spark-ignition e
...
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