ASTM D4920-08
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Conditioning, Chemical, and Thermal Properties
Standard Terminology Relating to Conditioning, Chemical, and Thermal Properties
SCOPE
1.1 This standard is the compilation of definition of technical terms related to conditioning, chemical, and thermal properties in textiles. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.
1.2 For other ASTM defined conditioning terms, refer to Terminology E 41. For other terms associated with textiles, refer to Terminology D 123, Relating to Textiles.
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Designation: D4920 − 08
StandardTerminology Relating to
1
Conditioning, Chemical, and Thermal Properties
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4920; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4772 Test Method for Surface Water Absorption of Terry
Fabrics (Water Flow)
1.1 This standard is the compilation of definition of techni-
cal terms related to conditioning, chemical, and thermal
3. Terminology
properties in textiles. Terms that are generally understood or
3.1 Definitions:
adequately defined in other readily available sources are not
absolute humidity, n—the mass of water vapor present in a
included.
unit volume of air.
1.2 For other ASTM defined conditioning terms, refer to
DISCUSSION—Common units of measure for absolute humidity are
Terminology E41. For other terms associated with textiles,
grams per cubic metre or grains per cubic foot. The amount of water
vapor is also reported in terms of mass per unit mass of dry air, for
refer to Terminology D123, Relating to Textiles.
example,gramsperkilogram,orgrainsperpound,ofdryair.Thisvalue
differs from values calculated on a volume basis and should not be
2. Referenced Documents
referred to as absolute humidity. It is designated as humidity ratio,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
specific humidity, or moisture pick-up.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
absorption, n—aprocessinwhichonematerial(theabsorbent)
E41 Terminology Relating To Conditioning
takes in or absorbs another (the absorbate); as the absorption
D578 Specification for Glass Fiber Strands
of moisture by fibers. (See also adsorption, and moisture
D579 Specification for Greige Woven Glass Fabrics
equilibrium for testing. Compare desorption and
D580 Specification for Greige Woven Glass Tapes and
resorption.) D4772
Webbings
D581 Specification for Glass Fiber Greige Braided Tubular
adsorption, n—a process in which the surface of a solid takes
Sleeving
on or adsorbs in an extremely thin layer molecules of gases,
D885 Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and
of dissolved substances, or of liquids with which it is in
Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured
contact.(Seealso absorptionand moisture equilibrium for
Organic-Base Fibers
testing. Compare desorption and resorption.)
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
atmosphere for testing, n—air at ambient conditions of
D1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Num-
relative humidity and temperature in which tests or experi-
ber) by the Skein Method
ments are conducted. (See also standard atmosphere for
D2118 Practice forAssigning a Standard Commercial Mois-
testing.)
ture Content for Wool and its’ Products
DISCUSSION—In the hierarchy of terms, atmosphere is the generic
D2494 Test Method for Commercial Mass of a Shipment of
term where the air is ambient with conditions “controlled” by local
Yarn or Manufactured Staple Fiber or Tow
weather and therefore variable. Atmosphere for testing is a delimited
D2970/D2970M Test Methods for Testing Tire Cords, Tire
term in which the use of the atmosphere is restricted for a certain
Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Yarns Made From Glass
purpose. In a standard atmosphere for testing, the conditions are
Filaments
specified (standardized) and controlled for routine testing and for
testing reproducibility. On this basis, there is no real reason for not
D3887 Specification for Tolerances for Knitted Fabrics
referring to the specified atmospheres that have been traditionally used
for testing glass textiles or tire cords, etc., as standard atmospheres
1
ThisterminologyisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles
for testing those materials.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.51 on Conditioning and,
Chemical and Thermal Properties. bicomponent fiber, n—a fiber consisting of two polymers
Current edition approvedJuly 1, 2008. Published August 2008 . Originally
which are chemically different, physically different, or both.
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4920 – 98 (2003).
DOI: 10.1520/D4920-08.
birefringence (double refraction), n—a property of anisotro-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
pic materials which manifests itself as a splitting of a light
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ray into components having different vibration directions
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. which are transmitted at different velocities.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4920–98 (Reapproved 2003) Designation: D4920 – 08
Standard Terminology Relating to
Moisture in TextilesConditioning, Chemical, and Thermal
1
Properties
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4920; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminologystandard is athe compilation of definitions of technical terms related to moistureconditioning, chemical,
and thermal properties in textiles. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are
not included.
1.2 For other ASTM defined conditioning terms, refer to Terminology E 41. For other terms associated with textiles, refer to
Terminology D 123, Relating to Textiles.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
E 41Terminology Relating to Conditioning Terminology Relating To Conditioning
D 578 Specification for Glass Fiber Strands
D 579 Specification for Greige Woven Glass Fabrics
D 580 Specification for Greige Woven Glass Tapes and Webbings
D 581 Specification for Glass Fiber Greige Braided Tubular Sleeving
D 885 Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured Organic-Base
Fibers
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D 1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Number) by the Skein Method
D 2118 Practice for Assigning a Standard Commercial Moisture Content for Wool and its’ Products
D 2494 Test Method for Commercial Mass of a Shipment of Yarn or Manufactured Staple Fiber or Tow
D 2970/D 2970M Test Methods for Testing Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Yarns Made From Glass Filaments
D 3887 Specification for Tolerances for Knitted Fabrics
D 4772 Test Method for Surface Water Absorption of Terry Fabrics (Water Flow)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
absolute humidity, n—the mass of water vapor present in a unit volume of air.
DISCUSSION—Common units of measure for absolute humidity are grams per cubic metre or grains per cubic foot. The amount of water vapor is also
reported in terms of mass per unit mass of dry air, for example, grams per kilogram, or grains per pound, of dry air. This value differs from values
calculated on a volume basis and should not be referred to as absolute humidity. It is designated as humidity ratio, specific humidity, or moisture
pick-up.
absorption, n—a process in which one material (the absorbent) takes in or absorbs another (the absorbate); as the absorption of
moisture by fibers. (See also adsorption, and moisture equilibrium for testing. Compare desorption and resorption.)
D 4772
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.51 on Chemical Conditioning and
Performance.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1996. Published February 1997. Originally published as D4920–89. Last previous edition D4920–96b.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.51 on Conditioning and, Chemical
and Thermal Properties.
Current edition approvedJuly 1, 2008. Published August 2008 . Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 4920 – 98 (2003).
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D4920 – 08
adsorption, n—a process in which the surface of a solid takes on or adsorbs in an extremely thin layer molecules of gases, of
dissolved substances, or of liquids with which it is in contact. (See also absorption and moisture equilibrium for testing.
Compare desorption and resorption.)
atmosphere for testing, n—air at ambient conditions of relative humidity and temperature in which tests or experiments are
conducted. (See also standard atmosphere for testing .)
DISCUSSION—In the hierarchy of terms, atmosphere is the generic term where the air is ambient with condi
...
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