Standard Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates—High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method with Refractive Index Detection

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The aromatic hydrocarbon content of motor diesel fuel is a factor that can affect exhaust emissions and fuel combustion characteristics, as measured by cetane number.  
5.2 The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) regulates the aromatic content of diesel fuels. California Air Resources Board (CARB) regulations place limits on the total aromatics content and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon content of motor diesel fuel, thus requiring an appropriate analytical determination to ensure compliance with the regulations.  
5.3 This test method is applicable to materials in the same boiling range as motor diesel fuels and is unaffected by fuel coloration. Test Method D1319, which has been mandated by the US EPA for the determination of aromatics in motor diesel fuel, excludes materials with final boiling points greater than 315 °C (600 °F) from its scope. Test Method D2425 is applicable to the determination of both total aromatics and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel fuel, but is much more costly and time-consuming to perform. Test Method D5186, currently specified by CARB, is also applicable to the determination of both total aromatics and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel fuel. Test Method D5186, however, specifies the use of supercritical fluid chromatography equipment that may not be readily available.
Note 2: Test Method D5186 was previously specified by CARB as an alternative to Test Method D1319.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a high performance liquid chromatographic test method for the determination of mono-aromatic, di-aromatic, tri+-aromatic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contents in diesel fuels and petroleum distillates boiling in the range from 150 °C to 400 °C. The total aromatic content in % m/m is calculated from the sum of the corresponding individual aromatic hydrocarbon types.
Note 1: Aviation fuels and petroleum distillates with a boiling point range from 50 °C to 300 °C are not determined by this test method and should be analyzed by Test Method, D6379 or other suitable equivalent test methods.  
1.2 The precision of this test method has been established for diesel fuels and their blending components, containing from 4 % to 40 % (m/m) mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0 % to 20 % (m/m) di-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0 % to 6 % (m/m) tri+-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0 % to 26 % (m/m) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and 4 % to 65 % (m/m) total aromatic hydrocarbons.  
1.3 Compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen are possible interferents. Mono-alkenes do not interfere, but conjugated di- and poly-alkenes, if present, are possible interferents.  
1.4 By convention, this standard defines the aromatic hydrocarbon types on the basis of their elution characteristics from the specified liquid chromatography column relative to model aromatic compounds. Quantification is by external calibration using a single aromatic compound, which may or may not be representative of the aromatics in the sample, for each aromatic hydrocarbon type. Alternative techniques and methods may classify and quantify individual aromatic hydrocarbon types differently.  
1.5 Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME), if present, interfere with tri+-aromatic hydrocarbons. If this method is used for diesel containing FAME, the amount of tri+-aromatics will be over estimated.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers ...

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ASTM D6591-18 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates—High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method with Refractive Index Detection
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6591 − 18
Designation: 548/06
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Middle
Distillates—High Performance Liquid Chromatography
1
Method with Refractive Index Detection
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6591; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method has the same title as IP 548-06 and is intended to be technically equivalent. The
ASTM format for test methods has been used, and where possible, equivalent ASTM test methods
have replaced the IP or ISO standards.
The test method is intended to be used as one of several possible alternative instrumental test
methods that are aimed at quantitative determination of hydrocarbon types in fuels. This does not
implythatacorrelationnecessarilyexistsbetweenthisandanyothertestmethodintendedtogivethis
information, and it is the responsibility of the user to determine such correlation if necessary.
1. Scope* 1.3 Compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen are
possible interferents. Mono-alkenes do not interfere, but con-
1.1 This test method covers a high performance liquid
jugated di- and poly-alkenes, if present, are possible interfer-
chromatographic test method for the determination of mono-
ents.
aromatic, di-aromatic, tri+-aromatic, and polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon contents in diesel fuels and petroleum distillates
1.4 By convention, this standard defines the aromatic hy-
boiling in the range from 150°C to 400°C.The total aromatic
drocarbon types on the basis of their elution characteristics
content in % m/m is calculated from the sum of the corre-
from the specified liquid chromatography column relative to
sponding individual aromatic hydrocarbon types.
model aromatic compounds. Quantification is by external
calibration using a single aromatic compound, which may or
NOTE 1—Aviation fuels and petroleum distillates with a boiling point
range from 50°C to 300°C are not determined by this test method and may not be representative of the aromatics in the sample, for
should be analyzed by Test Method, D6379 or other suitable equivalent
each aromatic hydrocarbon type. Alternative techniques and
test methods.
methods may classify and quantify individual aromatic hydro-
1.2 The precision of this test method has been established
carbon types differently.
for diesel fuels and their blending components, containing
1.5 Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME), if present, interfere
from 4% to 40% (m/m) mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0% to
with tri+-aromatic hydrocarbons. If this method is used for
20% (m/m) di-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0% to 6% (m/m)
diesel containing FAME, the amount of tri+-aromatics will be
tri+-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0% to 26 % (m/m) polycyclic
over estimated.
aromatic hydrocarbons, and 4% to 65% (m⁄m) total aromatic
hydrocarbons.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1 priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Subcommittee D02.04.0C on Liquid Chromatography.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
This test method is based on material published in IP Standard Methods for
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Analysis and Testing of Petroleum and Related Products and British Standard 2000
Parts, copyright The Institute of Petroleum, 61 New Cavendish Street, London
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
W1M 8AR. Adapted with permission of The Institute of Petroleum.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published December 2018. Originally
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D6591–11 (2017).
DOI: 10.1520/D6591-18. Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6591 − 18
2. Referenced Documents have not been specifically determined for this test method.
2 Publishedandunpublisheddataindicatethemajorconstituents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
for each hydrocarbon type as follows: (
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6591 − 11 (Reapproved 2017) D6591 − 18
Designation: 548/06
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Middle
Distillates—High Performance Liquid Chromatography
1
Method with Refractive Index Detection
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6591; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method has the same title as IP 548-06 and is intended to be technically equivalent. The
ASTM format for test methods has been used, and where possible, equivalent ASTM test methods
have replaced the IP or ISO standards.
The test method is intended to be used as one of several possible alternative instrumental test
methods that are aimed at quantitative determination of hydrocarbon types in fuels. This does not
imply that a correlation necessarily exists between this and any other test method intended to give this
information, and it is the responsibility of the user to determine such correlation if necessary.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a high performance liquid chromatographic test method for the determination of mono-aromatic,
di-aromatic, tri+-aromatic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contents in diesel fuels and petroleum distillates boiling in the
range from 150 °C to 400 °C. The total aromatic content in % m/m is calculated from the sum of the corresponding individual
aromatic hydrocarbon types.
NOTE 1—Aviation fuels and petroleum distillates with a boiling point range from 50 °C to 300 °C are not determined by this test method and should
be analyzed by Test Method, D6379 or other suitable equivalent test methods.
1.2 The precision of this test method has been established for diesel fuels and their blending components, containing from 4 %
to 40 % (m/m) mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0 % to 20 % (m/m) di-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0 % to 6 % (m/m) tri+-aromatic
hydrocarbons, 0 % to 26 % (m/m) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and 4 % to 65 % (m ⁄m) total aromatic hydrocarbons.
1.3 Compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen are possible interferents. Mono-alkenes do not interfere, but conjugated
di- and poly-alkenes, if present, are possible interferents.
1.4 By convention, this standard defines the aromatic hydrocarbon types on the basis of their elution characteristics from the
specified liquid chromatography column relative to model aromatic compounds. Quantification is by external calibration using a
single aromatic compound, which may or may not be representative of the aromatics in the sample, for each aromatic hydrocarbon
type. Alternative techniques and methods may classify and quantify individual aromatic hydrocarbon types differently.
1.5 Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME), if present, interfere with tri+-aromatic hydrocarbons. If this method is used for diesel
containing FAME, the amount of tri+-aromatics will be over estimated.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0C on Liquid Chromatography.
This test method is based on material published in IP Standard Methods for Analysis and Testing of Petroleum and Related Products and British Standard 2000 Parts,
copyright The Institute of Petroleum, 61 New Cavendish Street, London W1M 8AR. Adapted with permission of The Institute of Petroleum.
Current edition approved May 1, 2017Oct. 1, 2018. Published July 2017December 2018. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20112017 as
D6591 – 11.D6591 – 11 (2017). DOI: 10.1520/D6591-11R17.10.1520/D6591-18.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6591 − 18
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
esta
...

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