ASTM D3168-85(2022)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Qualitative Identification of Polymers in Emulsion Paints
Standard Practice for Qualitative Identification of Polymers in Emulsion Paints
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Identification of specific acrylic polymers in emulsion paints is often difficult or impossible by infrared alone. This is particularly true when the acrylic is present in a small amount as a comonomer with vinyl acetate, or when blended with alkyds or other ester systems. If identification of an acrylic component is required in such a system, it may often be accomplished by gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the pyrolyzed paint film. The presence of a number of other polymers may often also be confirmed by pyrolysis since they produce characteristic and reproducible pyrograms.
5.2 The pyrograms obtained from unknown samples vary in complexity according to the sample composition. It is necessary to establish the presence or absence of as many components as possible from a study of the infrared spectra obtained in the first part of this practice. The gas-liquid chromatography results may then be used to help identify any unknown components present and to confirm identifications made by infrared.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the qualitative identification in emulsion paints of most types of polymers present as major components of the paint vehicle. Limitations are discussed in Sections 5 and 10.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3168 −85 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Practice for
1
Qualitative Identification of Polymers in Emulsion Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3168; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Practice
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the qualitative 4.1 The vehicle is extracted from the dried paint and after
identification in emulsion paints of most types of polymers filtering is cast on a salt plate. The infrared spectrum is
present as major components of the paint vehicle. Limitations obtainedandcomparedwithreferencespectraforidentification
are discussed in Sections 5 and 10. of major components.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 4.2 The paint is applied to a filament and pyrolyzed to
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information depolymerizethevehicle.Aninternalstandardisaddedandthe
only. pyrolyzate is separated into its components by gas-liquid
chromatography. Monomers are identified by comparison of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
relative retention times.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 5.1 Identification of specific acrylic polymers in emulsion
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
paints is often difficult or impossible by infrared alone. This is
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- particularly true when the acrylic is present in a small amount
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
as a comonomer with vinyl acetate, or when blended with
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- alkyds or other ester systems. If identification of an acrylic
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
component is required in such a system, it may often be
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. accomplished by gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the
pyrolyzed paint film. The presence of a number of other
2. Referenced Documents
polymers may often also be confirmed by pyrolysis since they
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
produce characteristic and reproducible pyrograms.
D16TerminologyforPaint,RelatedCoatings,Materials,and
5.2 Thepyrogramsobtainedfromunknownsamplesvaryin
Applications
complexity according to the sample composition. It is neces-
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
sary to establish the presence or absence of as many compo-
D2621Test Method for Infrared Identification of Vehicle
nents as possible from a study of the infrared spectra obtained
Solids From Solvent-Reducible Paints
inthefirstpartofthispractice.Thegas-liquidchromatography
E275PracticeforDescribingandMeasuringPerformanceof
results may then be used to help identify any unknown
Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
components present and to confirm identifications made by
infrared.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms, refer to Terminol-
6. Interferences
ogy D16.
6.1 Dibutylmaleateanddibutylfumaratemonomersarenot
successfully recovered by this procedure. If their presence is
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
suspected as comonomer in a vinyl acetate copolymer system,
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.
n-butyl alcohol should be found in the pyrolyzate. This
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally
evidence, together with the absence of butyl acrylate or butyl
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D3168–85(2016).
methacrylate monomer peaks, is an indirect indication of the
DOI: 10.1520/D3168-85R22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or presence of one or both of these monomers.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.2 The presence of relatively low quantities of copolymer-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. ized acids may not be successfully established by this
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