ASTM D2258-99(2005)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
Standard Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the division of shipments of yarn into test lots and the sampling of such lots for testing.
1.2 This practice is applicable to single, plied, or cabled yarns, and cords, made of any fiber or mixture of fibers, and supported on any form of package, including beams.
1.3 This practice also describes procedures for the sampling of yarn(s) removed from woven or knitted fabrics, however, when thus sampled, the yarns are usually not representative of entire shipments, as referred to in . Consequently, the resultant sampling can only be used to determine the characteristics of the yarn and is usually not used for acceptance testing. Moreover, it should be recognized that the characteristics of yarns from fabrics may be different than the characteristics of the same yarn(s), prior to being entered into the fabric manufacturing process.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this practice.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D2258–99 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Practice for
Sampling Yarn for Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2258; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D1578 Test Method for Breaking Strength of Yarn in Skein
Form
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the division of
D1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn
shipments of yarn into test lots and the sampling of such lots
Number) by the Skein Method
for testing.
D4271 Practice for Writing Statements on Sampling in Test
1.2 This practice is applicable to single, plied, or cabled
Methods for Textiles
yarns, and cords, made of any fiber or mixture of fibers, and
supported on any form of package, including beams.
3. Terminology
1.3 This practice also describes procedures for the sampling
3.1 Definitions:
of yarn(s) removed from woven or knitted fabrics, however,
3.1.1 beam, n—in textiles, a large spool containing many
when thus sampled, the yarns are usually not representative of
ends of yarns wound parallel, and used for such purposes as
entire shipments, as referred to in 1.1. Consequently, the
weaving or warp knitting.
resultant sampling can only be used to determine the charac-
3.1.2 beam set, n—in textiles, one or more beams of yarn in
teristics of the yarn and is usually not used for acceptance
a single shipment to be further processed together for a specific
testing. Moreover, it should be recognized that the character-
end use.
istics of yarns from fabrics may be different than the charac-
3.1.3 bulk sample, n— in the sampling of bulk material, one
teristics of the same yarn(s), prior to being entered into the
or more portions which (1) are taken from material that does
fabric manufacturing process.
not consist of separately identifiable units and (2) can be
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
identified after sampling as separate or composited units.
are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,
3.1.4 case, n—in textiles, a shipping unit, usually a carton,
the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values
box, bale, or other container holding a number of yarn
stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each
packages.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.1.5 cone, n—in textiles, (1) a yarn holder or bobbin of
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
conical shape used as a core for a yarn package of conical
with this practice.
form, also called a cone core. (2) the yarn package obtained
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
when yarn is wound upon a cone core.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.6 end, n—an individual sliver, roving, yarn, or cord.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.6.1 Discussion—For yarns, one of the one or more
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
continuous, multiple parallel lengths of yarn which may be
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
wound on a yarn package or beam. For example, two lengths
2. Referenced Documents of yarn wrapped parallel on a single bobbin constitute two yarn
ends, likewise, one thousand lengths of yarn wrapped parallel
2.1 ASTM Standards:
on a single beam constitutes one thousand yarn ends.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
3.1.7 fabric package, n—a length of fabric in a form
suitable for handling, storing, or shipping.
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextilesand
3.1.7.1 Discussion—Fabric packages may be unsupported,
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
such as when folded in cases, or supported, such as on tubes,
Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published July 2005. Originally
bolts, or creels. Fabric packages are frequently referred to as
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D2258 – 99. DOI:
10.1520/D2258-99R05. rolls or pieces.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
the ASTM website. on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D2258–99 (2005)
3.1.8 laboratory sample, n—a portion of material taken to representing those packages taken from the lot sample as a
represent the lot sample, or the original material, and used in laboratory sample. See Practice D4271.
the laboratory as a source of test specimens.
3.1.9 lot, n—in acceptance sampling, that part of a consign- 5. Significance and Use
ment or shipment consisting of material from one production
5.1 Assigning a value to any property of the material in a
lot.
container or in a lot, consignment, or delivery involves a
3.1.10 lot sample, n—one or more shipping units taken at
measurement process that includes both sampling and testing
random to represent an acceptance sampling lot and used as a
procedures. The correctness of the value assigned depends
source of laboratory samples. (Syn. bulk sample)
upon the variability due to testing. Even when the variability
3.1.11 primary sampling unit, n—thesamplingunitcontain-
due to testing is minimized by carefully developed procedures,
ing all the sources of variability which should be considered in
correct and consistent estimates of the true value of the
acceptance testing; the sampling unit taken in the first stage of
propertyarepossibleonlywhenthesamplingprocedureavoids
selection in any procedure for sampling a lot or shipment.
systematic bias, minimizes variations due to sampling, and
3.1.12 production lot, n—that part of one manufacturer’s
provides a laboratory sample of adequate size.
production made from the same nominal raw material under
5.2 PracticeD2258maynotgivethemostefficientsampling
essentially the same conditions and designed to meet the same
planthatmightbedevisedinspecialsituationsbutdoespresent
specifications.
a general procedure that gives satisfactory precision with an
3.1.13 sample, n—(1) a portion of a lot of material which is
economical amount of sampling and one which does not
taken for testing or for record purposes. (See also lot sample,
require elaborate statistical computation based on previous
laboratory sample, and specimen); ( 2) a group of specimens
knowledge of the amount of variation between primary sam-
used, or observations made, which provides information that
pling units (such as cases, beams or fabric packages), between
can be used for making statistical inferences about the popu-
unitsofthelaboratorysampletakenfromtheprimarysampling
lation(s) from which they were drawn.
units of the lot sample (such as yarn packages taken from a
3.1.14 sampling unit, n—an identifiable, discrete unit or
case)andbetweenspecimenstakenfromunitsofthelaboratory
subunit of material that could be taken as part of a sample.
sample (such as lengths of yarn taken from a yarn package or
3.1.14.1 Discussion—Since there are two or more stages in
a fabric swatch taken from a roll or piece). Many plans that
most sampling schemes, the sampling units in each stage must
include stratified sampling can be found in textbooks.
be clearly identified to avoid confusion. The number of stages
5.3 The smallest number of specimens required for a given
in sampling schemes is not limited, but may be as few or as
variability in the average result will usually be obtained by (1)
many as required by the nature of the material being sampled.
maximizing the number of shipping containers in the lot
There are frequently three stages of sampling: (1) taking
sample, (2) taking a single package end per shipping container
primary sampling units from a lot of material as a lot sample,
in the laboratory sample, and (3) taking only one specimen per
( 2) taking laboratory samples from each of the primary
package. Unfortunately, this is rarely the most economical way
sampling units in the lot sample, and (3) taking test specimens
to test a product because it normally costs most to take a
from each of the units in the laboratory sample.
shipping container as part of the lot sample, costs an interme-
3.1.15 sample skein, n—skein reeled from the package or
diate amount to take a package from a shipping container as
beam of the laboratory sample, and used in the laboratory as a
part of a laboratory sample, and costs least to take and test a
source of specimens.
specimen from a package or yarn.
3.1.16 specimen, n—a specific portion of a material or
5.4 To minimize the cost of sampling a lot of material, it is
laboratory sample upon which a test is performed or which is
necessary to agree on the required variance for the reported
selected for that purpose. (Syn. test specimen.)
average for a lot of material:
3.1.17 yarn package, n—a length or parallel lengths of yarn
5.4.1 Estimate the variance due to lot samples, the variance
in a form suitable for handling, storing, or shipping.
due to laboratory samples, and the variance due to testing
3.1.17.1 Discussion—Packages may be unsupported, such
specimens.
as skeins or cakes, or supported having various winding
5.4.2 Calculate the total variance for average test results for
patterns, such as bobbins, cops, cones, pirns, spools, or tubes.
several combinations of the number of lot samples, the number
Inyarns,thewordpackagedesignatesthesmallestunitthatcan
of laboratory samples per lot sample, and the number of
be separated from the shipment without cutting or unwinding
specimens per laboratory sample.
the yarn, not a small group of packages. Even a small box
5.4.3 Calculate the cost of performing each of the sampling
containing a dozen spools is treated, for sampling purposes, as
schemes considered in 5.4.2.
a case.
5.4.4 Select the sampling scheme that ( 1) has the required
3.1.18 For terminology of other terms used in this practice,
precision and (2) is most economical to perform.
refer to Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Practice 6. Procedure
4.1 Instructions are given for dividing the yarn into lots, for 6.1 Division into Lots—Instructions on the division of
determining the number of cases, beams, or fabric packages to product into lots is best given in the appropriate specification.
be selected from each lot as a lot sample, and for determining In the absence of such instructions, sample and test as a
the number of packages, including the number of ends, separate lot any portion of a shipment or order that differs from
D2258–99 (2005)
other portions in specifications, put-up, or physical character- lot sample, select randomly two packages from each case.
istics, or that is billed or designated by the supplier as a When there are four cases in the lot sample, select randomly
separate lot. If portions of a larger order are shipped on two packages from each case then randomly select two of the
different dates, from plants or warehouses, or in more than one fourcasesandselectrandomlyathirdpackagefromeachofthe
carload or truckload, treat each such separately shipped portion selected cases. When there are three cases in the lot sample,
as a separate lot. If the cases in a shipment do not have select randomly three packages from each case then randomly
consecutive numbers, divide the shipment into groups of cases select one of the three cases and select randomly a fourth
having consecutive numbers and treat each group as a separate package from the selected case. When there are two cases in
lot if it is separated from an adjacent group by as many as ten the lot sample, select randomly five packages from each case.
case numbers. Treat each beam set as a separate lot. When there is one case in the lot sample, select randomly ten
6.2 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing, packages from the case.
unless otherwise agreed upon, as when specified in an appli- 6.3.2 Fabric Packages—When sampling fabric packages,
cable material specification, proceed as follows: discard the outside layer of the fabric package, and then take a
full width swatch,2m(2 yd.) from each selected lot sampling
NOTE 1—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
unit. Treat each type of yarn in the fabric, the warp and filling
purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability
yarns in woven fabrics, and the machine direction of knitted
between shipping units, between packages or ends within a shipping unit,
and between specimens from a single package so as to provide a sampling fabrics as sepa–rate sampling units. Take a total of ten ends
plan with a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable
from the fabric swatches. When there are five swatches in the
quality level, and limiting quality level.
lot sample, select randomly two ends from each swatch. When
there are four swatches in the lot sample, select randomly two
6.2.1 Cases or Fabric Packages—For the lot sample, assign
ends from each swatch then randomly select two of the four
each case or fabric package with consecutive numbers and take
swatches and select randomly a third end from each of the
for acceptance testing, the number of cases or fabric packages
selected swatches. When there are three swatches in the lot
specified in Table 1. Select the cases or fabric packages by a
sample, select randomly three ends from each swatch then
random process using the assigned numbers by either placing
randomly select one of the three swatches and select randomly
these numbers on small slips or chips, placing them in a
a fourth end from the selected swatch. When there are two
container, mixing thoroughly and drawing out the number or
swatchesinthelotsample,selectrandomlyfiveendsfromeach
numbers by selection, or by using a random number table or its
swatch. When there is one swatch in the lot sample, select
computer equivalent.
randomly ten ends from the swatch. Remove ends from the
6.2.1.1 When fabric packages, such as bolts or pieces, are
fabric swatches as directed in 6.3.4, 6.3.5, and 6.3.6,as
contained in cases, consider the case as the sampling unit.
required.
When fabric packages, such as rolls are self-contained, con-
sider the individual fabric package as the sampling unit.
NOTE 2—Individual yarns removed from fabric
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