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ASTM D1776/D1776M-16

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles

Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the conditioning and testing of textiles in those instances where such conditioning is specified in a test method. Because prior exposure of textiles to high or low humidity may affect the equilibrium moisture pick-up, a procedure also is given for preconditioning the material when specified. The equipments to be used in the conditioning and testing of textiles shall include conditioning room or chamber, psychrometer ventilated by aspiration, preconditioning cabinet, room, or suitable container, balance, and multiple shelf conditioning rack. The conditioning room or chamber shall consist of equipment for maintaining the standard atmosphere for testing textiles throughout the room or chamber within the tolerances given and including facilities for circulating air over all surfaces of the exposed sample or specimen and equipment for recording the temperature and relative humidity of the air in the conditioning room or chamber. Samples or specimens requiring preconditioning shall be brought to a relatively low moisture content in a specified atmosphere. Samples or specimens requiring conditioning shall be brought to moisture equilibrium for testing in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, or when required.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the conditioning and testing of textiles when conditioning is specified in a test method. Because prior exposure of textiles to high or low humidity may affect moisture pick-up equilibrium, a procedure also is given for preconditioning the material when required.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2015
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.51 - Conditioning, Chemical and Thermal Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1776/D1776M-15 - Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
Effective Date
01-Jan-2016
Replaced By
ASTM D1776/D1776M-20 - Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
Effective Date
01-Feb-2020
Referred By
ASTM D2102-02(2018) - Standard Test Method for Shrinkage of Textile Fibers (Bundle Test)
Effective Date
01-Jan-2016
Referred By
ASTM D4751-21a - Standard Test Methods for Determining Apparent Opening Size of a Geotextile
Effective Date
01-Jan-2016
Referred By
ASTM D4533/D4533M-15(2023) - Standard Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geotextiles
Effective Date
01-Jan-2016
Referred By
ASTM D7748/D7748M-14(2021) - Standard Test Method for Flexural Rigidity of Geogrids, Geotextiles, and Related Products
Effective Date
01-Jan-2016
Referred By
ASTM F2407/F2407M-23a - Standard Specification for Surgical Gowns Intended for Use in Healthcare Facilities
Effective Date
01-Jan-2016
Referred By
ASTM F1506-22 - Standard Performance Specification for Flame Resistant and Electric Arc Rated Protective Clothing Worn by Workers Exposed to Flames and Electric Arcs
Effective Date
01-Jan-2016
Referred By
ASTM F2894-21 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Materials, Protective Clothing, and Equipment for Heat Resistance Using a Hot Air Circulating Oven
Effective Date
01-Jan-2016
Referred By
ASTM F1790/F1790M-15(2021) - Standard Test Method for Measuring Cut Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing with CPP Test Equipment
Effective Date
01-Jan-2016
Referred By
ASTM F1939-15(2020) - Standard Test Method for Radiant Heat Resistance of Flame Resistant Clothing Materials with Continuous Heating
Effective Date
01-Jan-2016
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ASTM D2654-22 - Standard Test Methods for Moisture in Textiles
Effective Date
01-Jan-2016
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ASTM D2061-07(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Strength Tests for Zippers
Effective Date
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ASTM D4884/D4884M-22 - Standard Test Method for Strength of Sewn or Bonded Seams of Geotextiles
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ASTM F3352/F3352M-23b - Standard Specification for Isolation Gowns Intended for Use in Healthcare Facilities
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D1776/D1776M −16
Standard Practice for
1
Conditioning and Testing Textiles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1776/D1776M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope E337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-
chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-
1.1 This practice covers the conditioning and testing of
peratures)
textiles when conditioning is specified in a test method.
2.2 ISO Standard:
Becausepriorexposureoftextilestohighorlowhumiditymay
ISO 139 Textiles StandardAtmosphere for Conditioning and
affect moisture pick-up equilibrium, a procedure also is given
3
Testing
for preconditioning the material when required.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3. Terminology
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.1 For terminology related to conditioning see Terminol-
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
ogy D4920.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.2 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
accelerated conditioning, moisture content, moisture
with the standard.
equilibrium, moisture equilibrium for preconditioning, mois-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ture equilibrium for testing, precondition, standard atmosphere
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
for preconditioning textiles, standard atmosphere for testing
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
textiles, uncertainty of (in) measurement.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.3 For definitions of other textile terms used in this
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
standard see Terminology D123.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Practice
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 Samples or specimens requiring preconditioning are
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
brought to relatively low moisture content in a specified
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
atmosphere. Samples or specimens not requiring pre-
D885 Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and
conditioning are brought to moisture equilibrium (specific to
Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured
fiber-content)accordingtothestandardatmospheresfortesting
Organic-Base Fibers
textiles as shown in Table 1.
D4920 Terminology Relating to Conditioning, Chemical,
and Thermal Properties
4.2 Understanding of tolerance and uncertainty of measure-
D5867 Test Methods for Measurement of Physical Proper-
ment has evolved since the creation of the original version of
ties of Raw Cotton by Cotton Classification Instruments
this standard. Due to this new understanding, uncertainty of
D7269 Test Methods for Tensile Testing of Aramid Yarns
measurement has been taken into account in determining
D7744 Test Methods for Tensile Testing of High Perfor-
acceptable tolerances for the standard atmospheres for testing
mance Polyethylene Tapes
textiles as shown in Table 1.
5. Significance and Use
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextilesand
5.1 The conditioning prescribed in this practice is designed
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.51 on Conditioning, Chemical and
Thermal Properties.
to obtain reproducible results on textiles and textile products.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016. Published January 2016. Originally
Results of tests obtained on these materials under uncontrolled
approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D1776–15. DOI:
atmospheres may not be comparable with each other. In
10.1520/D1776_D1776M-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer tot he standard’s Document summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd Street, 13th
the ASTM website. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1776/D1776M−16
TABLE 1 Standard Atmospheres for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
A
Temperature, Time (h),
Preconditioning
Material Relative Humidity % ASTM Standard
Time (h), minimum °C [°F] minimum
B
Textiles, general 21±2[70±4] 65±5 D1776
C
Textiles, specific
Cotton fiber classification and testing
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1776/D1776M − 15 D1776/D1776M − 16
Standard Practice for
1
Conditioning and Testing Textiles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1776/D1776M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the conditioning and testing of textiles when conditioning is specified in a test method. Because prior
exposure of textiles to high or low humidity may affect moisture pick-up equilibrium, a procedure also is given for preconditioning
the material when required.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D885 Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured Organic-Base
Fibers
D4920 Terminology Relating to Conditioning, Chemical, and Thermal Properties
D5867 Test Methods for Measurement of Physical Properties of Raw Cotton by Cotton Classification Instruments
D7269 Test Methods for Tensile Testing of Aramid Yarns
D7744 Test Methods for Tensile Testing of High Performance Polyethylene Tapes
E337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psychrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Temperatures)
2.2 ISO Standard:
3
ISO 139 Textiles Standard Atmosphere for Conditioning and Testing
3. Terminology
3.1 For terminology related to conditioning see Terminology D4920.
3.2 The following terms are relevant to this standard: accelerated conditioning, moisture content, moisture equilibrium, moisture
equilibrium for preconditioning, moisture equilibrium for testing, precondition, standard atmosphere for preconditioning textiles,
standard atmosphere for testing textiles, uncertainty of (in) measurement.
3.3 For definitions of other textile terms used in this standard see Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Samples or specimens requiring preconditioning are brought to relatively low moisture content in a specified atmosphere.
Samples or specimenspecimens not requiring pre-conditioning are brought to moisture equilibrium (specific to fiber-content)
according to the standard atmosphereatmospheres for testing textiles as shown in Table 1.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.51 on Conditioning, Chemical and
Thermal Properties.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2015Jan. 1, 2016. Published March 2015January 2016. Originally approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 20082015 as
ε1
D1776–08D1776–15. . DOI: 10.1520/D1776_D1776M-15.10.1520/D1776_D1776M-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer tot he standard’s Document summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1776/D1776M − 16
TABLE 1 Standard Atmospheres for Conditioning and Testing General Textiles
A
Preconditioning
Temperature, Time (h),
Material Time (h), Relative Humidity % ASTM Standard
°C [°F] minminimum
minminimum
Conditioning
B
Textiles, general 20 ± 2 [68 ± 4] 65 ± 5 D1776
C
Textiles, specific
B
Textiles, general 21 ± 2 [70 ± 4] 65 ± 5 D1776
C
Textiles, specific
Cotton fiber classification and testing 4 21 ± 1 [70 ± 2] 65 ± 2 D1776, D5867
Tire cords:
Polyamide Not applicable 20 ± 2 [68 ± 4] 65 ± 5 1
...

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1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4157-13(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The measurement of the resistance to abrasion of textile and other materials is very complex. The resistance to abrasion is affected by many factors, such as the inherent mechanical properties of the fibers; the dimensions of the fibers; the structure of the yarns; the construction of the fabrics; and the type, kind, and amount of finishing material added to the fibers, yarns, or fabric.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion is also greatly affected by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension of the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must accordingly be changed at frequent intervals or checked periodically against a standard. With disposable abradants, the abradant is used only once or changed after limited use. With permanent abradants that use hardened metal or equivalent surfaces, it is assumed that the abradant will not change appreciably in a specific series of tests, but obviously similar abradants used in different laboratories will not likely change at the same rate due to differences in usage. Permanent abradants may also change due to pick up of finishing or other material from test fabrics and must accordingly be cleaned at frequent intervals. The measurement of the relative amount of abrasion may also be affected by the method of evaluation and may be influenced by the judgment of the operator.  
5.4 The resistance of textile materials to abrasion as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance or durability as experienced in the actual use of the material. While “abrasion resistance” (often stated in terms of the number of cycles on a specified machine, using a specified technique to produce a spe...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics using the oscillatory cylinder tester. This test method may not be usable for some fabric constructions.
Note 1: Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics are given in: Guides D3884 and D4158, and Test Methods D3885, D3886, and AATCC 93.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4966-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion also is affected greatly by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension on the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must be changed accordingly at freque...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4970/D4970M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
5.2 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using this test method, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. A minimum of two parties should take a group of test specimens, which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average test results from the two laboratories should be compared using an acceptable statistical protocol and probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is started. Appropriate statistical disciplines for comparing data must be used when the purchaser and supplier cannot agree. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results with consideration for the known bias.  
5.3 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors that include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, and fabric f...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing as agreed upon among interested parties.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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