ASTM D6895-21

Standard Test Method for Rotational Viscosity of Heavy Duty Diesel Drain Oils at 100 °C

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Rotational viscosity measurements allow the determination of the non-Newtonian, shear thinning property of drain oil. Rotational viscosity values can be compared at a shear rate of 100 s-1 by this test method.2,3
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the rotational viscosity and the shear thinning properties of heavy duty diesel engine drain oils at 100 °C, in the shear rate range of approximately 10 s-1 to 300 s-1, in the shear stress range of approximately 0.1 Pa to 10 Pa and the viscosity range of approximately 12 mPa·s to 35 mPa·s. Rotational viscosity values can be compared at a shear rate of 100 s-1 by this test method.2,3  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2021
• ICS: 75.080 - Petroleum products in general
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.07 - Flow Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6895 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Rotational Viscosity of Heavy Duty Diesel Drain Oils at
1
100 °C
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6895; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
Measurement System Performance
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the rota-
tionalviscosityandtheshearthinningpropertiesofheavyduty
3. Terminology
diesel engine drain oils at 100°C, in the shear rate range of
-1 -1
approximately 10s to 300s , in the shear stress range of 3.1 Definitions:
approximately 0.1Pa to 10Pa and the viscosity range of
3.1.1 shear rate, n—the velocity gradient perpendicular to
approximately 12mPa·s to 35mPa·s. Rotational viscosity val-
the direction of flow.
-1
ues can be compared at a shear rate of 100 s by this test
3.1.1.1 Discussion—For a Newtonian fluid in a concentric
2,3
method.
cylinder rotary viscometer in which the shear stress is mea-
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the sured at the inner or outer cylinder surface and ignoring any
end effects, the shear rate is given as follows:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 2
2ΩR
o
γ˙ 5 (1)
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- 2 2
R 2 R
o i
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor- 4πR
o
5
2 2
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- t R 2 R
~ !
o i
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
where:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
γ˙ = shear rate at the surface of the rotor in reciprocal
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
−1
seconds, s ,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Ω = angular velocity, rad/s,
R = outer radius, mm,
o
2. Referenced Documents
R = inner radius, mm, and
i
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
t = time for one revolution of the rotor, s.
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
3.1.1.2 Discussion—For a fluid in a cone and plate viscom-
Petroleum Products
eterinwhichtheshearstressismeasuredinacontrolled-stress
D5967Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in
or controlled strain mode of operation, the shear rate is given
T-8 Diesel Engine
as follows:
D6299Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
Ω
γ˙ 5 (2)
B
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
where:
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.
γ˙ = shear rate at the surface of the rotor or stator in
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally -1
reciprocal seconds, s ,
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D6895–17. DOI:
Ω = angular velocity, rad/s,
10.1520/D6895-21.
2 B = cone angle, rad.
Selby, K., “Rheology of Soot–thickened Diesel Engine Oils,” SAE 981369,
May 1998.
3.1.2 shear stress, n—theforceperunitareainthedirection
3
George, H. F., Bardasz, E.A., and Soukup, B., “Understanding SMOTthrough
of the flow.
Designed Experimentation Part 3: An Improved approach to Drain Oil Viscosity
Measurements—Rotational Rheology,” SAE 97692, May 1997.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—For a Newtonian fluid in a concentric
4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
cylinder rotary viscometer in which the shear stress is mea-
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
sured at the inner or outer cylinder surface and ignoring any
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. end effects, the shear stress is given as follows:
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6895 − 21
T 5. Significance and Use
r
σ 5 (3)
2
2 π R h
i
5.1 Rotationalviscositymeasurementsallowthedetermina-
tionofthenon-Newtonian,shearthinningpropertyofdrainoil.
where:
Rotational viscosity values can be compared at a shear rate of
σ = shear stress at the surface of the rotor or stator, Pa,
-1 2,3
100s by this test method.
T = torque applied to the moving fixture, N·m,
r
R = inner radius, m, and
i
6.
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6895 − 17 D6895 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Rotational Viscosity of Heavy Duty Diesel Drain Oils at
1
100 °C
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6895; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the rotational viscosity and the shear thinning properties of heavy duty diesel
-1 -1
engine drain oils at 100 °C, in the shear rate range of approximately 10 s to 300 s , in the shear stress range of approximately
0.1 Pa to 10 Pa and the viscosity range of approximately 12 mPa·s to 35 mPa·s. Rotational viscosity values can be compared at
-1 2,3
a shear rate of 100 s by this test method.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel Engine
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 shear rate, n—the velocity gradient in fluid perpendicular to the direction of flow.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
For a Newtonian fluid in a concentric cylinder rotary viscometer in which the shear stress is measured at the inner or outer cylinder
surface and ignoring any end effects, the shear rate is given as follows:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.07 on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2017Nov. 1, 2021. Published February 2017November 2021. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20122017
as D6895 – 06 (2012).D6895 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D6895-17.10.1520/D6895-21.
2
Selby, K., “Rheology of Soot–thickened Diesel Engine Oils,” SAE 981369, May 1998.
3
George, H. F., Bardasz, E. A., and Soukup, B., “Understanding SMOT through Designed Experimentation Part 3: An Improved approach to Drain Oil Viscosity
Measurements—Rotational Rheology,” SAE 97692, May 1997.
4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6895 − 21
2
2ΩR
o
γ˙ 5 (1)
2 2
R 2 R
o i
2
4πR
o
5
2 2
t R 2 R
~ !
o i
where:
−1
γ˙ = shear rate at the surface of the rotor in reciprocal seconds, s ,
Ω = angular velocity, rad/s,
R = outer radius, mm,
o
R = inner radius, mm, and
i
t = time for one revolution of the rotor, s.
3.1.1.2 Discussion—
For a fluid in a cone and plate viscometer in which the shear stress is measured in a controlled-stress or controlled strain mode
of operation, the shear rate is given as follows:
Ω
γ˙ 5 (2)
B
where:
-1
γ˙ = shear rate at the surface of the rotor or stator in reciprocal seconds, s ,
Ω = angular velocity, rad/s,
B = cone angle, rad.
3.1.2 shear stress, n—the motivating force per unit area for fluid in the direction of the flow.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
For a Newtonian fluid in a concentric cylinder rotary viscometer in which the shear stress is measured at the inner or outer cylinder
surface and ignoring any end effects, the shear stress is given as follows:
T
r
σ 5 (3)
2
2 π R h
i
2

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
D6895 − 21
where:
σ = shear stress at the surfa
...