ASTM D905-08(2021)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It cannot be assumed that this test method measures the true shear strength of the adhesive bond. Many factors interfere or bias the measurement including the strength of the wood, the specimen, the shear tool designs themselves, and the rate of loading.
4.1.1 Wood failure is very common in joints made with strong adhesives. Although high wood failure is normally desired, when it occurs the measured strength is lower than the true adhesive bond strength.
4.1.2 Stress concentrations at the notches of the specimen tend to lower the measured strength. In a similar test for the shear strength of solid wood, Test Methods D143, these effects are self correcting so that the measured strength is close to the true shear strength of the wood. By analogy the same may be true in this test method, however, other factors are also involved and may alter the relationship.
4.1.3 The rate of loading affects the strength of an adhesive bond according to the adhesive’s rheological properties. The more viscoelastic or plastic the adhesive, the greater effect. Thermosetting adhesives like urea- and phenol-formaldehyde are elastic. Their bond strengths can be measured over a range of loading rate from 0.038 to 1.27 cm/min (0.015 to 0.5 in./min) with no apparent affect. Thermoplastic adhesives like polyvinyl acetate, hot melts, and elastomer-based adhesives exhibit a broad range of elastic, viscoelastic, and plastic behaviors. Their bond strengths will be affected to varying degrees by changing the loading rate. Generally, increasing the rate, increases the measured strength.
4.2 This test method is suitable for product research and development, qualifying adhesives in accordance with certain product or performance specifications, and monitoring bonding process control. This test method may be suitable for comparing and selecting adhesives, however, such comparisons must be made with caution since the measured strength of some adhesives may be different in different types o...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative shear strengths of adhesive bonds used for bonding wood and other similar materials, when tested on a standard specimen under specified conditions of preparation, conditioning, and loading in compression. This test method is intended primarily as an evaluation of adhesives for wood.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D905 − 08 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Test Method for
Strength Properties of Adhesive Bonds in Shear by
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Compression Loading
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D905; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
The accuracy of the results of strength tests of adhesive bonds will depend on the conditions under
which the bonding process is carried out. Unless otherwise agreed upon by the manufacturer and the
purchaser, the bonding conditions shall be prescribed by the manufacturer of the adhesive. In order to
ensure that complete information is available to the individual conducting the tests, the manufacturer
of the adhesive shall furnish numerical values and other specific information for each of the following
variables:
(1) The moisture content of the wood at the time of bonding.
(2) Complete mixing directions for the adhesive.
(3) Conditions for applications of the adhesive including the rate of spread or thickness of film,
number of coats to be applied, whether to be applied to one or both surfaces, and the conditions of
drying where more than one coat is required.
(4) Assembly conditions before application of pressure, including the room temperature, length of
time, and whether open or closed assembly is to be used.
(5) Curing conditions, including the amount of pressure to be applied, the length of time under
pressure and the temperature of assembly when under pressure. It should be stated whether this
temperature is that of the bond line, or of the atmosphere at which the assembly is to be maintained.
(6) Conditioning procedure before testing, unless a standard procedure is specified, including the
length of time, temperature, and relative humidity.
Arangemaybeprescribedforanyvariablebythemanufactureroftheadhesiveifitcanbeassumed
by the test operator that any arbitrarily chosen value within such a range or any combination of such
values for several variables will be acceptable to both the manufacturer and the purchaser of the
adhesive.
1. Scope conditioning, and loading in compression. This test method is
intended primarily as an evaluation of adhesives for wood.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com-
parative shear strengths of adhesive bonds used for bonding
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
wood and other similar materials, when tested on a standard
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
specimen under specified conditions of preparation,
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on Wood
Adhesives. responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Current edition approved April 1, 2021. Published April 2021. Originally
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D905 – 08 (2013).
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
DOI: 10.1520/D0905-08R21.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D905 − 08 (2021)
FIG. 1 Shearing Tool
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- true in this test method, however, other factors are also
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- involved and may alter the relationship.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the 4.1.3 The rate of loading affects the strength of an adhesive
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- bond according to the adhesive’s rheological properties. The
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical more viscoelastic or plastic the adhesive, the greater effect.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. Thermosetting adhesives like urea- and phenol-formaldehyde
are elastic. Their bond strengths can be measured over a range
2. Referenced Documents
of loading rate from 0.038 to 1.27 cm/min (0.015 to 0.5
2
in./min) with no apparent affect. Thermoplastic adhesives like
2.1 ASTM Standards:
polyvinyl acetate, hot melts
...
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