ASTM D2255-02e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Grading Spun Yarns for Appearance
Standard Test Method for Grading Spun Yarns for Appearance
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the grading of singles spun yarns for appearance.
1.2 This test method does not apply to plied yarns.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system must be used independently of the other.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D2255–02
Standard Test Method for
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Grading Spun Yarns for Appearance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2255; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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e NOTE—Adjunct references were corrected editorially in July 2006.
INTRODUCTION
Cotton yarn appearance standards were first adopted in 1938 and revised in 1964, with Series III
being revised again in 1975. The 1964 boards had different yarn sizes for the four-grade exhibits on
each board. The 1975 Series III board used the same yarn number for each grade.
The appearance grade of yarn is based on the composite evaluation of several factors, such as
unevenness,fuzziness,andneppiness.Thedifferencesintheyarnnumbersinthe1964standardsalong
with the differences in other factors distort the comparison between grades and makes grading more
difficult.
To overcome this shortcoming, in 1975 the Series III board was revised using the same size yarn
for all four grades.After evaluating the improvements, it was decided to revise all of the series using
a mid-range yarn number for each grade in the series, and narrow the range in the most active series.
This was accomplished by adding a new board, SeriesVI.Anear mid-range yarn number was selected
to represent equal steps between adjacent grades for all the factors considered in yarn appearance
grading.These yarns were produced with current commercial manufacturing equipment and practices.
Finally, to obtain better yarn definition and better reproducibility from set to set, it was decided to
use offset photo printing.
Shortly after these new boards were published in 1979, it became apparent that in the Series II-79
Board the A and B grades were not clearly defined and appeared to be switched. This was corrected
in the 1987 Series II Board.
In 1987 a world wide survey was conducted on how theYarnAppearance Boards were being used.
From responses it became apparent that the boards are being used for grading yarns other than 100 %
cotton combed or carded yarns. Respondents were using the boards to grade yarn blends, ring spun
yarns, open-end spun yarns and other spinning systems. The boards are used both for process quality
control and customer acceptance.
In view of the above findings, it was decided to revise the method to include grading of all single
spun yarns.
1. Scope 1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety
concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
1.1 This test method covers the grading of singles spun
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
yarns for appearance.
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
1.2 This test method does not apply to plied yarns.
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tions prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to
be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in
2. Referenced Documents
each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system
2.1 ASTM Standards:
must be used independently of the other.
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D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
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This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarn Test Methods,
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General. The requirements for the appearance of cotton yarns are covered in Tolerances
Current edition approved September 10, 2002. Published November 2002. D2645, Roller-Drafted Yarns.
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Originally published as D 2255 – 64. Last previous edition D 2255 – 96. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D2255–02
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TABLE 1 Requirements for Preparations of Specimens
D 2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
4
B
D 3888 Terminology Related to Open-End Spinning Range of Yarn Numbers Wraps
4 A
D 3990 Terminology Relating to Fabric Defects Series Count
Single Cot-
Tex per in. per cm
4
ton Count
D 4849 Terminology Relating to Fibers and Yarns
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2.2 ASTM Adjuncts: 1 1 to 12 590 to 50 + 8 20 8
2 12+to24 50to25+ 18 22 9
Spun Yarn Appearance Standards (6 Boards with Photos)
3 24+to36 25to16+ 30 26 10
4 36+to50 16to12+ 42 32 13
3. Terminology
5 50+to75 12to8+ 60 38 15
6 75 + to 135 8 to 4 + 100 48 19
3.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this method:
A
Actual single yarn count used on boards.
bunch, cover, fuzz, nep, slub, thick place, thin place, and yarn
B
The specified number of wraps is subject to a tolerance of 6 10 %.
appearance, refer to Terminology D 4849. For other textile
term
...
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