ASTM D2255-02
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Grading Spun Yarns for Appearance
Standard Test Method for Grading Spun Yarns for Appearance
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the grading of singles spun yarns for appearance.
1.2 This test method does not apply to plied yarns.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system must be used independently of the other.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D2255–02
Standard Test Method for
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Grading Spun Yarns for Appearance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2255; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Cotton yarn appearance standards were first adopted in 1938 and revised in 1964, with Series III
being revised again in 1975. The 1964 boards had different yarn sizes for the four-grade exhibits on
each board. The 1975 Series III board used the same yarn number for each grade.
The appearance grade of yarn is based on the composite evaluation of several factors, such as
unevenness,fuzziness,andneppiness.Thedifferencesintheyarnnumbersinthe1964standardsalong
with the differences in other factors distort the comparison between grades and makes grading more
difficult.
To overcome this shortcoming, in 1975 the Series III board was revised using the same size yarn
for all four grades.After evaluating the improvements, it was decided to revise all of the series using
a mid-range yarn number for each grade in the series, and narrow the range in the most active series.
This was accomplished by adding a new board, SeriesVI.Anear mid-range yarn number was selected
to represent equal steps between adjacent grades for all the factors considered in yarn appearance
grading.These yarns were produced with current commercial manufacturing equipment and practices.
Finally, to obtain better yarn definition and better reproducibility from set to set, it was decided to
use offset photo printing.
Shortly after these new boards were published in 1979, it became apparent that in the Series II-79
Board the A and B grades were not clearly defined and appeared to be switched. This was corrected
in the 1987 Series II Board.
In 1987 a world wide survey was conducted on how theYarnAppearance Boards were being used.
From responses it became apparent that the boards are being used for grading yarns other than 100 %
cotton combed or carded yarns. Respondents were using the boards to grade yarn blends, ring spun
yarns, open-end spun yarns and other spinning systems. The boards are used both for process quality
control and customer acceptance.
In view of the above findings, it was decided to revise the method to include grading of all single
spun yarns.
1. Scope user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
1.1 This test method covers the grading of singles spun
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tions prior to use.
yarns for appearance.
1.2 This test method does not apply to plied yarns.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in
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D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system
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D 2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
must be used independently of the other.
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D 3888 Terminology Related to Open-End Spinning
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety
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D 3990 Terminology Relating to Fabric Defects
concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
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D 4849 Terminology Relating to Fibers and Yarns
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This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
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and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarn Test Methods, The requirements for the appearance of cotton yarns are covered in Tolerances
General. D2645, Roller-Drafted Yarns.
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Current edition approved September 10, 2002. Published November 2002. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
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Originally published as D 2255 – 64. Last previous edition D 2255 – 96. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
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D2255–02
3. Terminology 6. Significance and Use
3.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this method: 6.1 This method is considered satisfactory for acceptance
grading of commercial shipments because it has been used
bunch, cover, fuzz, nep, slub, thick place, thin place, and yarn
appearance, refer to Terminology D 4849. For other textile extensively in the trade for this purpose.
6.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D 123,
Terminology D 3888, and Terminology D 3990. tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
4. Description of Yarn Grades a statistical bias between t
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