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ASTM E1880-97(2002)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Tissue Cryosection Analysis with SIMS

Standard Practice for Tissue Cryosection Analysis with SIMS

SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides the Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) analyst with a method for analyzing tissue cryosections in the imaging mode of the instrument. This practice is suitable for frozen-freeze-dried and frozen-hydrated cryosection analysis.
1.2 This practice does not describe methods for optimal freezing of the specimen for immobilizing diffusible chemical species in their native intracellular sites.
1.3 This practice does not describe methods for obtaining cryosections from a frozen specimen.
1.4 This practice is not suitable for any plastic embedded tissues.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-May-1997
ICS
17.180.01 - Optics and optical measurements in general
Technical Committee
E42 - Surface Analysis
Drafting Committee
E42.06 - SIMS
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E1880-97 - Standard Practice for Tissue Cryosection Analysis with SIMS
Effective Date
10-May-1997
Replaced By
ASTM E1880-06 - Standard Practice for Tissue Cryosection Analysis with SIMS
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006

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ASTM E1880-97(2002) - Standard Practice for Tissue Cryosection Analysis with SIMSASTM E1880-97(2002) - Standard Practice for Tissue Cryosection Analysis with SIMS
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ASTM E1880-97(2002) - Standard Practice for Tissue Cryosection Analysis with SIMS
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E1880–97 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Practice for
Tissue Cryosection Analysis with SIMS
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1880; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope GPa), provides a “cushion” for pressing and holding the frozen
cryosections flat for SIMS analysis. Indium substrates are
1.1 This practice provides the Secondary Ion Mass Spec-
prepared by pressing sheet indium onto a polished silicon
trometry (SIMS) analyst with a method for analyzing tissue
wafer.An approximately 1 µm thick layer of indium (99.999 %
cryosections in the imaging mode of the instrument. This
purity) is then vapor deposited on this surface. This top layer
practice is suitable for frozen-freeze-dried and frozen-hydrated
provides “fluffy” indium that helps in holding cryosections flat
cryosection analysis.
for SIMS analysis.
1.2 This practice does not describe methods for optimal
freezing of the specimen for immobilizing diffusible chemical
5. Significance and Use
species in their native intracellular sites.
5.1 Pressing cryosections flat onto a conducting substrate
1.3 This practice does not describe methods for obtaining
has been one of the most challenging problems in SIMS
cryosections from a frozen specimen.
analysis of cryogenically prepared tissue specimens. Frozen
1.4 This practice is not suitable for any plastic embedded
cryosections often curl or peel off, or both, from the substrate
tissues.
during freeze-drying. The curling of cryosections results in an
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
uneven sample surface for SIMS analysis. Furthermore, if
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
freeze-dried cryosections are not attached tightly to the sub-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
strate, the impact of the primary ion beam may result in further
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
curling and even dislodging of the cryosection from the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
substrate. These problems render SIMS analysis difficult,
2. Referenced Documents frustrating and time consuming. The use of indium as a
substrate for pressing cryosections flat has provided a practical
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 approach for analyzing cryogenically prepared tissue speci-
E 673 Terminology Related to Surface Analysis
mens.
3. Terminology 5.2 The procedure described herein has been successfully
used for SIMS imaging of calcium transport in intestinal
3.1 Definitions:
,
4 5
tissue.
3.1.1 SeeTerminologyE 673fordefinitionsoftermsusedin
5.3 The procedure described here is amenable to soft tissues
SIMS.
of both animal and plant origin.
4. Summary of Practice
6. Apparatus
4.1 This practice describes a method for the analysis of
6.1 The procedure described here can be used for tissue
tissue cryosections with SIMS. Tissue cryosections for SIMS
cryosection analysis with virtually any SIMS instrument.
analysis need to be mounted flat on an electrically conducting
substrate. Cryosections should remain flat and adhere well to
the substrate for SIMS analysis. This is achieved by pressing 3
Sod, E. W., Crooker, A. R., and Morrison, G. H., “Biological Cryosection
frozen cryosections into an indium substrate. Indium, being a Preparation and Practical Ion Yield Evaluation for Ion Microscopic Analysis,”
Journal of Microscopy (Oxford), Vol 160, 1990, p. 55.
malleable metal (Moh hardness = 1.2,Young’s modulus = 10.6
Chandra, S., Fullmer, C. S., Smith, C.A., Wasserman, R. H., and Morrison, G.
H. “Ion Microscopic Imaging of Calcium Transport in the Intestinal Tissue of
Vitamin D-deficient and Vitamin D-replete Chickens:A Ca Stable Isotope Study,”
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E42 on Surface Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), Vol 87, 1990, p. 5715.
Analysis and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E42.06 on SIMS. Chandra, S., and Morrison, G. H., “Sample Preparation of Animal Tissues and
Current edition approved May 10, 1997. Published July 1997. Cell Cultures for Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) Microscopy,” Biology
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Pressing cryosections flat onto a conducting substrate has been one of the most challenging problems in SIMS analysis of cryogenically prepared tissue specimens. Frozen cryosections often curl or peel off, or both, from the substrate during freeze-drying. The curling of cryosections results in an uneven sample surface for SIMS analysis. Furthermore, if freeze-dried cryosections are not attached tightly to the substrate, the impact of the primary ion beam may result in further curling and even dislodging of the cryosection from the substrate. These problems render SIMS analysis difficult, frustrating and time consuming. The use of indium as a substrate for pressing cryosections flat has provided a practical approach for analyzing cryogenically prepared tissue specimens (1).4  
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1.1 This practice provides the Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) analyst with a method for analyzing tissue cryosections in the imaging mode of the instrument. This practice is suitable for frozen-freeze-dried and frozen-hydrated cryosection analysis.  
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3.1 Calibration of the responsivity of the detection system for emission (EM) as a function of EM wavelength (λEM), also referred to as spectral correction of emission, is necessary for successful quantification when intensity ratios at different EM wavelengths are being compared or when the true shape or peak maximum position of an EM spectrum needs to be known. Such calibration methods are given here and summarized in Table 1. This type of calibration is necessary because the spectral responsivity of a detection system can change significantly over its useful wavelength range (see Fig. 1). It is highly recommended that the wavelength accuracy (see Test Method E388) and the linear range of the detection system (see Guide E2719 and Test Method E578) be determined before spectral calibration is performed and that appropriate steps are taken to insure that all measured intensities during this calibration are within the linear range. For example, when using wide slit widths in the monochromators, attenuators may be needed to attenuate the excitation beam or emission, thereby, decreasing the fluorescence intensity at the detector. Also note that when using an EM polarizer, the spectral correction for emission is dependent on the polarizer setting. (2) It is important to use the same instrument settings for all of the calibration procedures mentioned here, as well as for subsequent sample measurements.  
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Standard Practice for Tissue Cryosection Analysis with SIMS

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Pressing cryosections flat onto a conducting substrate has been one of the most challenging problems in SIMS analysis of cryogenically prepared tissue specimens. Frozen cryosections often curl or peel off, or both, from the substrate during freeze-drying. The curling of cryosections results in an uneven sample surface for SIMS analysis. Furthermore, if freeze-dried cryosections are not attached tightly to the substrate, the impact of the primary ion beam may result in further curling and even dislodging of the cryosection from the substrate. These problems render SIMS analysis difficult, frustrating and time consuming. The use of indium as a substrate for pressing cryosections flat has provided a practical approach for analyzing cryogenically prepared tissue specimens (1).4  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides the Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) analyst with a method for analyzing tissue cryosections in the imaging mode of the instrument. This practice is suitable for frozen-freeze-dried and frozen-hydrated cryosection analysis.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 With the advent of thick, highly angled aircraft transparencies, multiple imaging has been more frequently cited as an optical problem by pilots. Secondary images (of outside lights), often varying in intensity and displacement across the windscreen, can give the pilot deceptive optical cues of his altitude, velocity, and approach angle, increasing his visual workload. Current specifications for multiple imaging in transparencies are vague and not quantitative. Typical specifications state “multiple imaging shall not be objectionable.”  
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SCOPE
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5.1 Diplopia or doubling of vision occurs when there is sufficient binocular disparity present so that the bounds of Panum's area (the area of single vision) is exceeded. This condition arises whenever one object is significantly closer (or farther) than another so that looking at one will cause the image of the other to appear double. This can be easily demonstrated: Close one eye and look at a clock (or other object) on a distant wall. Now place your thumb to one side of the image of the clock. Now open both eyes. If you look at the clock, you should see two thumbs. If you look at your thumb, you should see two clocks.  
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This specification covers SEBS (styrene-ethylenebutylene-styrene)-modified mopping asphalt intended for use in built-up roof construction, construction of some modified bitumen systems, construction of bituminous vapor retarder systems, and for adhering insulation boards used in various types of roofing systems. This specification is intended as a material specification and issues regarding the suitability of specific roof constructions or application techniques are beyond its scope. The specified tests and property values are intended to establish minimum properties. In place system design criteria or performance attributes are factors beyond the scope of this specification. The base asphalt shall be prepared from crude petroleum and the SEBS-modified asphalt shall incorporate sufficient SEBS as the primary polymeric modifier. The SEBS modified asphalt shall be homogeneous and free of water and shall conform to the prescribed physical properties including (1) softening point before and after heat exposure, (2) softening point change, (3) flash point, (4) penetration before and after heat exposure, (5) penetration change, (6) solubility in trichloroethylene, (7) tensile elongation, (8) elastic recovery, and (9) low temperature flexibility. The sampling and test methods to determine compliance with the specified physical properties, as well as the evaluation for stability during heat exposure are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers SEBS (styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene)-modified asphalt intended for use in built-up roof construction, construction of some modified bitumen systems, construction of bituminous vapor retarder systems, and for adhering insulation boards used in various types of roof systems.  
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1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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