ASTM E2148-11b

Standard Guide for Using Documents Related to Metalworking or Metal Removal Fluid Health and Safety

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Application of this guide will provide users with information on how to use the various documents listed in Section 2 related to health and safety of metalworking and metal removal fluids.  
Users of the documents listed in Section 2 may fall into several categories, such as producers of metalworking or metal removal fluids, suppliers of raw materials to those producers, users of metalworking or metal removal fluids, and other interested parties, such as non governmental organizations.  
While all parties may wish to be generally familiar with all the documents listed in Section 2, producers and users may each want to focus on certain documents which are directly applicable to them:
Documents Applicable to Producers:  
E1687 Test Method for Determining Carcinogenic Potential of Virgin Base Oils in Metalworking Fluids
Test Method E1687 covers a microbiological test procedure based upon the Salmonella mutagenesis assay of Ames et. al (see also Maron et al ). It can be used as a screening technique to detect the presence of potential dermal carcinogens in virgin base oils used in the formulation of metalworking oils. Persons who use this test should be well-versed in the conduct of the Ames test and conversant with the physical and chemical properties of petroleum products.
Producers of metalworking fluids and metal removal fluids should assure themselves that virgin base oils used in the formulation of neat metalworking and metal removal oils and soluble and semi-synthetic metal removal fluids have an acceptable mutagenicity index or mutagenic potency index.
E1302 Guide for Acute Animal Toxicity Testing of Water-Miscible Metal Removal Fluids
Guide E1302 defines acute animal toxicity tests and sets forth references for procedures to assess the acute toxicity of water-miscible metal removal fluids as manufactured.
Application of Guide E1302 will provide information on the acute toxicity of water-miscible metal removal fluids and will assist the user...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information on how to use documents related to health and safety of metalworking and metal removal fluids. As such, this guide will provide the user with sufficient background information to effectively use the documents listed in Section 2. Documents referenced in this guide are grouped as applicable to producers, to users or to all.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2011
• ICS: 13.100 - Occupational safety. Industrial hygiene
• Technical Committee: E34 - Occupational Health and Safety
• Drafting Committee: E34.50 - Health and Safety Standards for Metal Working Fluids

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E2148-11a - Standard Guide for Using Documents Related to Metalworking or Metal Removal Fluid Health and Safety
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E1497-23 - Standard Practice for Selection and Safe Use of Water-Miscible and Straight Oil Metal Removal Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2523-13(2018) - Standard Terminology for Metalworking Fluids and Operations
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2889-12(2017) - Standard Practice for Control of Respiratory Hazards in the Metal Removal Fluid Environment
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM F86-21 - Standard Practice for Surface Preparation and Marking of Metallic Surgical Implants
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2693-19 - Standard Practice for Prevention of Dermatitis in the Wet Metal Removal Fluid Environment
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E1687-19 - Standard Test Method for Determining Carcinogenic Potential of Virgin Base Oils in Metalworking Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2148 − 11b AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Guide for
Using Documents Related to Metalworking or Metal
1
Removal Fluid Health and Safety
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2148; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E2169 Practice for Selecting Antimicrobial Pesticides for
Use in Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluids
1.1 This guide covers information on how to use documents
E2523 Terminology for Metalworking Fluids and Opera-
relatedtohealthandsafetyofmetalworkingandmetalremoval
tions
fluids. As such, this guide will provide the user with sufficient
E2563 Test Method for Enumeration of Non-Tuberculosis
background information to effectively use the documents listed
Mycobacteria in Aqueous Metalworking Fluids by Plate
in Section 2. Documents referenced in this guide are grouped
Count Method
as applicable to producers, to users or to all.
E2564 Test Method for Enumeration of Mycobacteria in
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Metalworking Fluids by Direct Microscopic Counting
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(DMC) Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E2657 Test Method for Determination of Endotoxin Con-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
centrations in Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluids
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
E2693 Practice for Prevention of Dermatitis in the Wet
Metal Removal Fluid Environment
2. Referenced Documents
E2694 Test Method for Measurement ofAdenosine Triphos-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
phate in Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluids
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
2.2 Other Documents:
Atmospheres
Management of the Metal Removal Fluid Environment: A
3
D7049 Test Method for Metal Removal Fluid Aerosol in
GuidetoSafeandEfficientUseofMetalRemovalFluids
Workplace Atmospheres
Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Expo-
4
E1302 Guide for Acute Animal Toxicity Testing of Water-
sure to Metalworking Fluids
Miscible Metalworking Fluids
Metalworking Fluids: Safety and Health Best Practices
5
E1497 Practice for Selection and Safe Use of Water-
Manual
Miscible and Straight Oil Metal Removal Fluids
E1542 Terminology Relating to Occupational Health and
3. Terminology
Safety
3.1 For definitions and terms relating to this practice, refer
E1687 Test Method for Determining Carcinogenic Potential
to Terminologies D1356, E1542, and E2523.
of Virgin Base Oils in Metalworking Fluids
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
E1972 Practice for Minimizing Effects of Aerosols in the
3.2.1 endotoxin,n—pyrogenichighmolarmasslipopolysac-
Wet Metal Removal Environment
charide (LPS) complex associated with the cell wall of
E2144 Practice for Personal Sampling and Analysis of En-
gram-negative bacteria.
dotoxin in Metalworking Fluid Aerosols in Workplace
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Though endotoxins are pyrogens, not
Atmospheres
all pyrogens are endotoxins. Endotoxins are specifically de-
tected through a Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) test.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E34 on Occupational
HealthandSafetyandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE34.50onHealth
3
and Safety Standards for Metal Working Fluids. Available from Organization Resources Counselors, Inc., 1910 Sunderland
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Originally Place, NW, Washington DC 20036 or at http://www.orc-dc.com
4
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E2148 - 11a. DOI: Available from U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health
10.1520/E2148-11B. Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occu-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or pational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226.
5
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from US Occupational Health and Safety Administration, 200
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on ConstitutionAvenue NW, Washington, DC 20210 or at http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/
the ASTM website. metalworkingfluids/metalworkingfluids_manual.html
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2148 − 11b
3.2.2 metal removal fluids, n—the subset of metalworking 4.4.2.1 Guide E1302 defines acute animal toxicity tests and
fluids that are used for wet machining or grinding
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:E2148–11a Designation:E2148–11b
Standard Guide for
Using Documents Related to Metalworking or Metal
1
Removal Fluid Health and Safety
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2148; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers information on how to use documents related to health and safety of metalworking and metal removal
fluids. As such, this guide will provide the user with sufficient background information to effectively use the documents listed in
Section 2. Documents referenced in this guide are grouped as applicable to producers, to users or to all.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
requirements prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D7049 Test Method for Metal Removal Fluid Aerosol in Workplace Atmospheres
E1302 Guide for Acute Animal Toxicity Testing of Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluids
E1497 Practice for Selection and Safe Use of Water-Miscible and Straight Oil Metal Removal Fluids
E1542 Terminology Relating to Occupational Health and Safety
E1687 Test Method for Determining Carcinogenic Potential of Virgin Base Oils in Metalworking Fluids
E1972 Practice for Minimizing Effects of Aerosols in the Wet Metal Removal Environment
E2144 Practice for Personal Sampling and Analysis of Endotoxin in Metalworking Fluid Aerosols in Workplace Atmospheres
E2169 Practice for Selecting Antimicrobial Pesticides for Use in Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluids
E2523 Terminology for Metalworking Fluids and Operations
E2563 Test Method for Enumeration of Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacteria in Aqueous Metalworking Fluids by Plate Count
Method
E2564 Test Method for Enumeration of Mycobacteria in Metalworking Fluids by Direct Microscopic Counting (DMC) Method
E2657 Test Method for Determination of Endotoxin Concentrations in Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluids
E2693 Practice for Prevention of Dermatitis in the Wet Metal Removal Fluid Environment
E2694 Test Method for Measurement of Adenosine Triphosphate in Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluids
2.2 Other Documents:
3
Management of the Metal Removal Fluid Environment: A Guide to Safe and Efficient Use of Metal Removal Fluids
4
Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Metalworking Fluids
5
Metalworking Fluids: Safety and Health Best Practices Manual
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions and terms relating to this practice, refer to Terminologies D1356, E1542, and E2523.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E34 on Occupational Health and Safety and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E34.50 on Health and
Safety Standards for Metal Working Fluids.
Current edition approved MarchDec. 1, 2011. Published March 2011.January 2012. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E2148 - 11a.
DOI: 10.1520/E2148-11AB.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail]ards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Organization Resources Counselors, Inc., 1910 Sunderland Place, NW, Washington DC 20036 or at http://www.orc-dc.com
4
Available from U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226.
5
Available from US Occupational Health and Safety Administration, 200 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20210 or at http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/
metalworkingfluids/metalworkingfluids_manual.html
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2148–11b
3.2.1 endotoxinsendotoxin, n—lipopolysaccharides derived from the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. —pyrogenic
high molar mass lipopolysaccharide (LP
...