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ASTM D7317-07

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Coagulated Pentane Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils by Paper Filtration (LMOA Method)

Standard Test Method for Coagulated Pentane Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils by Paper Filtration (LMOA Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Coagulated pentane insolubles can include oil-insoluble materials, some oil-insoluble resinous matter originating from oil or additive degradation, soot from incomplete diesel fuel combustion, or a combination of all three.
A significant change in coagulated pentane insolubles indicates a change in oil, and this could lead to lubrication system problems.
Coagulated pentane insolubles measurements can also assist in evaluating the performance characteristics of a used oil or in determining the cause of equipment failure.
5.4 High values of coagulated pentane insolubles have been associated with plugged oil filters, leading to opening of the bypass valve and circulation of unfiltered oil in the engine. This can lead to increased piston deposits, increased bearing wear, and premature engine failure.
FIG. 1 Paper Filtration Apparatus
SCOPE
p>1.1 This test method covers the determination of coagulated pentane insolubles in used lubricating oils by a paper filtration method.
1.2 This test method was originally developed by the Fuels, Lubricants, and Environmental Committee (FLE) of the Locomotive Maintenance Officers Association (LMOA).
1.3 This test method is used primary for testing used diesel engine oils from railroad locomotive service. It may be applied to other samples types but precision, bias, and significance have not been determined for samples other than used railroad locomotive diesel engine oils.
1.4 This test method, in general, does not correlate with Test Method D 893 on Insolubles in Lubricating Oils, since it uses separation by centrifugation and a more concentrated solution of anti-coagulant.
1.5 The correlation between this test method and Appendix A4 (Enhanced Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) Procedure) in Test Method D 5967 has not been investigated.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2, 7.3, and 7.4.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2007
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.06 - Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7317-06 - Standard Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils by Paper Filtration (LMOA Method)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Replaced By
ASTM D7317-07(2013) - Standard Test Method for Coagulated Pentane Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils by Paper Filtration (LMOA Method)
Effective Date
01-May-2013
Referred By
ASTM D7843-21 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricant Generated Insoluble Color Bodies in In-Service Turbine Oils using Membrane Patch Colorimetry
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007

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ASTM D7317-07 - Standard Test Method for Coagulated Pentane Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils by Paper Filtration (LMOA Method)ASTM D7317-07 - Standard Test Method for Coagulated Pentane Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils by Paper Filtration (LMOA Method)
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ASTM D7317-07 - Standard Test Method for Coagulated Pentane Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils by Paper Filtration (LMOA Method)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7317 − 07
StandardTest Method for
Coagulated Pentane Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils by
1
Paper Filtration (LMOA Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7317; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of coagulated
D893 Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils
pentane insolubles in used lubricating oils by a paper filtration
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
method.
Petroleum Products
1.2 This test method was originally developed by the Fuels,
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
Lubricants, and Environmental Committee (FL&E) of the
Products, and Lubricants
2
Locomotive Maintenance Officer’s Association (LMOA).
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
1.3 This test method is used primary for testing used diesel
Petroleum Products
engine oils from railroad locomotive service. It may be applied
D5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in
to other samples types but precision, bias, and significance
T-8 Diesel Engine
have not been determined for samples other than used railroad
3. Terminology
locomotive diesel engine oils.
3.1 Definitions:
1.4 Thistestmethod,ingeneral,doesnotcorrelatewithTest
3.1.1 coagulate,v—tocausetobecomeviscousorthickened
Method D893 on Insolubles in Lubricating Oils, since it uses
into a coherent mass. D4175
separation by centrifugation and a more concentrated solution
3.1.2 coagulated pentane insolubles, n—in used oil
of anti-coagulant.
analysis, separated matter that results when a coagulant is
1.5 The correlation between this test method and Appendix
added to a solution of used oil in pentane. D4175
A4 (Enhanced Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) Proce-
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The addition of a coagulant will aid in
dure) in Test Method D5967 has not been investigated.
separating finely divided materials that may have been held in
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
suspension because of the dispersant characteristics of the oil.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.2.2 Discussion—This test method uses a 1 % coagulant
standard.
solution. Test Method D893 uses a 5 % coagulant solution.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.3 membrane filter, n—porous article of closely con-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
trolled pore size through which a liquid is passed to separate
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
matter in suspension. D4175
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.4 pentane insolubles, n—in used oil analysis, separated
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
matterresultingwhenausedoilisdissolvedinpentane. D4175
warning statements, see 7.2, 7.3, and 7.4.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—In this test method, the separation is
effected by paper filtration.
3.1.5 used oil, n—any oil that has been in a piece of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
equipment (for example, an engine, gearbox, transformer, or
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
turbine), whether operated or not. D4175
D02.06 on Analysis of Lubricants.
Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originally
3
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D7317–06. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/D7317-07. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
Locomotive Maintenance Officer’s Association (LMOA), 6047 South Mobile Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Avenue, Chicago, IL 60638. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7317 − 07
3.1.5.1 Discussion—In this test method, the oil can be any 6.11 Stopwatch or Other Timing Device, capable of measur-
oil that has been used for lubrication of a locomotive diesel ing to the nearest 0.1 s with a range of at least 5 min.
engine, whether engaged in railroad or other service.
7. Reagents and Solvents
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
3.2.1 locomotive diesel engine oil, n—lubricating oil formu-
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
la
...

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5.1 The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids, and industrial and automotive hydraulic oils (see Appendix X4) are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many mechanical devices. Measurement of the viscometric properties of these oils and fluids at low temperatures is often used to specify their acceptance for service. This test method is used in a number of specifications.  
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1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
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1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
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1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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