ASTM D1711-14a
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
Standard Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard is a compilation of technical terms associated with testing and specifying solid electrical and electronic insulating materials.
1.2 This terminology standard shall contain all definitions that are balloted specifically through Subcommittee D09.94 and through D09 main committee and that are of general interest to standards associated with electrical and electronic insulating materials. Those definitions shall be of importance to electrical and electronic insulating materials issues but need not be directly associated with a specific standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials.
1.3 It is intended that all definitions in this terminology standard originating in a specific standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D09 be identical to definitions of the same terms as printed in standards of originating technical subcommittees, with the exceptions of: (1) deletion of any part of the Discussion included in another standard that refers specifically to the use of a term in that standard; (2) figure numbers and corresponding references; and (3) in this terminology standard, a parenthetical addition of a reference to one or more technical standards in which the term is used and the year in which the term was added to this compilation.
1.3.1 Definitions contained in this terminology standard which did not originate in a specific standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D09, or which originated in a standard that has since been revised or withdrawn, and that have been appropriately balloted, shall also be included in this terminology standard.
1.4 It is permissible to include symbols as part of the representation of terms, where appropriate.
1.5 It is not intended that this terminology standard include symbols (except as noted in 1.4). It is also permissible to include acronyms and abbreviations referring directly to defined terms.
1.6 Revisions and additions to those definitions in this terminology standard which originate in a specific standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D09 are to be made as a product of a collaborative effort between Subcommittee D09.94 and the corresponding technical subcommittee of Committee D09, with Subcommittee D09.94 providing editorial advice to the technical subcommittees.
1.7 Each definition in this terminology standard shall be accompanied by the year in which it was first incorporated into the standard, placed at the end in parentheses. All discussions shall also carry a date; it is possible that the discussion date is different from the definition date.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1711 − 14a
StandardTerminology Relating to
Electrical Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1711; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This terminology is used in connection with testing and specifying solid electrical insulating
materials. Modifications to this terminology, reflecting common usage, may appear in particular test
methods, material specifications, practices, or other standards. Included herein are terms pertinent to
general applications, electrical insulating papers, mica, mica processing, processed mica forms,
hookup wire insulation, and partial discharge (corona).
1. Scope* terminology standard.
1.1 This terminology standard is a compilation of technical 1.4 It is permissible to include symbols as part of the
termsassociatedwithtestingandspecifyingsolidelectricaland representation of terms, where appropriate.
electronic insulating materials.
1.5 It is not intended that this terminology standard include
1.2 This terminology standard shall contain all definitions symbols (except as noted in 1.4). It is also permissible to
that are balloted specifically through Subcommittee D09.94 include acronyms and abbreviations referring directly to de-
and through D09 main committee and that are of general fined terms.
interest to standards associated with electrical and electronic
1.6 Revisions and additions to those definitions in this
insulating materials. Those definitions shall be of importance
terminology standard which originate in a specific standard
to electrical and electronic insulating materials issues but need
under the jurisdiction of Committee D09 are to be made as a
not be directly associated with a specific standard under the
product of a collaborative effort between Subcommittee
jurisdiction of Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic
D09.94 and the corresponding technical subcommittee of
Insulating Materials.
Committee D09, with Subcommittee D09.94 providing edito-
1.3 It is intended that all definitions in this terminology rial advice to the technical subcommittees.
standard originating in a specific standard under the jurisdic-
1.7 Each definition in this terminology standard shall be
tion of Committee D09 be identical to definitions of the same
accompaniedbytheyearinwhichitwasfirstincorporatedinto
terms as printed in standards of originating technical
the standard, placed at the end in parentheses. All discussions
subcommittees, with the exceptions of: (1) deletion of any part
shall also carry a date; it is possible that the discussion date is
of the Discussion included in another standard that refers
different from the definition date.
specifically to the use of a term in that standard; (2) figure
numbers and corresponding references; and (3) in this termi-
2. Referenced Documents
nology standard, a parenthetical addition of a reference to one
2.1 ASTM Standards:
or more technical standards in which the term is used and the
D149Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
year in which the term was added to this compilation.
DielectricStrengthofSolidElectricalInsulatingMaterials
1.3.1 Definitions contained in this terminology standard
at Commercial Power Frequencies
which did not originate in a specific standard under the
D150Test Methods forAC Loss Characteristics and Permit-
jurisdiction of Committee D09, or which originated in a
tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
standard that has since been revised or withdrawn, and that
D470Test Methods for Crosslinked Insulations and Jackets
have been appropriately balloted, shall also be included in this
for Wire and Cable
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D09.94 on Editorial. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D1711–14. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D1711-14A. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1711 − 14a
D3426Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and where:
DielectricStrengthofSolidElectricalInsulatingMaterials
I = average current, A,
t
Using Impulse Waves
t = starting time, s,
D3636Practice for Sampling and Judging Quality of Solid t = completion time, s, and
Electrical Insulating Materials Q,Q,Q = partial discharge quantity in a corona pulse 1
1 2 n
through n,C.
2.2 Other Standards:
D1868
ANSI/ASQC A2-1987
GB/T 26667Terminology for Electromagnetic Shielding
binder tape—see core wrap (binder tape).
Materials
bond strength, n—a measure of the force required to separate
surfaces which have been bonded together. (1996)
3. Terminology
D2519, D3145, D4882
absorbing material, n—material capable of absorbing en-
ergy from an electromagnetic wave. (2014) braid, n—(1) woven metallic wire used as a shield for
insulated conductors and cables.
acceptable quality level (AQL), n—the maximum percent
(2) A woven fibrous protective outer covering over an
nonconforming which, for purposes of sampling inspection,
insulated conductor or cable.(2011)
is considered satisfactory as a process average.(2011)
D3636
breakdown voltage—see dielectric breakdown voltage.
bursting strength of paper, n—the hydrostatic pressure re-
acceptance number, n—the maximum allowable number of
quired to produce rupture of a circular area of the material
nonconformities for a given AQL and sample size (lot-
under specified test conditions. (1996) D202
sample size).(2011) D3636
cable wrap, n—paper used for mechanical protection or for
aging (act of), n—exposure of material to air or oil at a
space-filling (rather than as electrical insulation) in low-
temperature and time as specified in the relevant material
voltage cables with nonmetallic sheaths.(2011)
specification for that material. (2013) D470
air chain, n—in mica, a series of air inclusions in the form of
capacitance,C,n—thatpropertyofasystemofconductorsand
a chain or streak.(2011)
dielectricswhichpermitsthestorageofelectricallyseparated
charges when potential differences exist between the con-
arc propagation, n—the movement of an electric arc from its
ductors.(2011)
point of inception to another location. (1996) D3032
DISCUSSION—Capacitanceistheratioofaquantity,q,ofelectricityto
arc tracking,n—theprocessproducingtrackswhenarcsoccur a potential difference, V. A capacitance value is always positive. The
units are farads when the charge is expressed in coulombs and the
on or close to the insulation surface.(2011)
potential in volts(2011):
Arrhenius plot, n—a graph of the logarithm of thermal life as
C 5 q/V (2)
a function of the reciprocal of absolute temperature.(2011)
D150
DISCUSSION—This is normally depicted as the best straight line fit,
determined by least squares, of end points obtained at aging tempera-
capacitor tissue, n—very thin (5 to 50 µm) pure, nonporous
tures.Itisimportantthattheslope,whichistheactivationenergyofthe
paperusedasthedielectricincapacitors,usuallyinconjunc-
degradation reaction, be approximately constant within the selected
tion with an insulating liquid.(2011)
temperature range to ensure a valid extrapolation.(2011) D2304
coating powder, n—a heat-fusible, finely-divided solid resin-
ash content of paper, n—the solid residue remaining after
ous material used to form electrical insulating coatings.
combustion of the paper under specified conditions, ex-
(1996) D2967, D3214
pressedasapercentageofthedrymassoftheoriginalpaper.
(1996) D202
concentricity, n—the ratio, expressed in percent, of the mini-
average discharge (corona) current (I ), n—the sum of the mum wall thickness to the maximum wall thickness.(2011)
t
absolute magnitudes of the individual discharges during a D2671
certain time interval divided by that time interval.(2011)
concentric-lay conductor, n—a conductor composed of a
DISCUSSION—Whenthedischargesaremeasuredincoulombsandthe
central core surrounded by one or more layers of helically
time interval in seconds, the calculated current will be in am-
peres.(2011)
laid strands.(2011)
t
DISCUSSION—In the most common type of concentric-lay conductor,
Q 1Q 1222222Q
all strands are of the same size and the central core is a single
( 1 2 n
t
strand.(2011)
I 5 (1)
t
t 2 t
1 0
conductance, insulation, n—the ratio of the total volume and
surfacecurrentbetweentwoelectrodes(onorinaspecimen)
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
to the dc voltage applied to the two electrodes.(2011)
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
DISCUSSION—Insulation conductance is the reciprocal of insulation
This term is defined in a way similar to the way it appears in the GB/T 26667
standard entitled, “Terminology for Electromagnetic Shielding Materials.” resistance.(2011) D257
D1711 − 14a
DISCUSSION—Usually, this term is applied to telephone communica-
conductance, surface, n—the ratio of the current between two
tion cables in which core wrap is not regularly subjected to voltage
electrodes (on the surface of a specimen) to the dc voltage
stress, but may be exposed to surges from lightning strokes or other
applied to the electrodes.(2011)
accidental events.(2011)
DISCUSSION—(Some volume conductance is unavoidably included in
the actual measurement.) Surface conductance is the reciprocal of
corona, n—visible partial discharges in gases adjacent to a
surface resistance.(2011) D257
conductor.(2011)
DISCUSSION—This term has also been used to refer to partial
conductance, volume, n—the ratio of the current in the
discharges in general.(2011) D1868
volume of a specimen between two electrodes (on or in the
specimen) to the dc voltage applied to the two elec-
critical property, n—a quantitatively measurable characteris-
trodes.(2011)
tic which is absolutely necessary to be met if a material or
DISCUSSION—Volume conductance is the reciprocal of volume resis-
product is to provide satisfactory performance for the
tance.(2011) D257
intended use.(2011)
DISCUSSION—In some situations, specification requirements coincide
conducting material (conductor),n—amaterialwithinwhich
with customer usage requirements. In other situations, they may not
an electric current is produced by application of a voltage
coincide, being either more or less stringent. More stringent sampling
between points on, or within, the material.(2011) (for example, smallerAQLvalues) is usually used for measurement of
characteristics which are considered critical. The selection of sampling
DISCUSSION—The term “conducting material” is usually applied only
plans is independent of whether the term defect or nonconformity is
tothosematerialsinwhicharelativelysmallpotentialdifferenceresults
appropriate.(2011) D3636
in a relatively large current since all materials appear to permit some
conduction current. Metals and strong electrolytes are examples of
cross grains or reeves, n—in mica, tangled laminations
conducting materials.(2011) D4470
causing imperfect cleavage.(2011)
conductive fiber, n—fiber which is a conductive material or is
4 crude mica—mica as mined; crude crystals with dirt and rock
otherwise made conductive on the surface. (2014)
adhering.(2011)
conductive gasket, n—conductive material used at a joint to
4 crystallographic discoloration, n—in mica, discoloration ap-
ensure effective conductive contact. (2014)
pearingasbandsoflighterordarkershadesofbasiccolorof
conductivity, surface, n—the surface conductance multiplied a block of mica. (1996)
DISCUSSION—Such bands are generally parallel to the crystallo-
by that ratio of specimen surface dimensions (distance
graphicfacesofthecrystalfromwhichtheblockwasseparated.(2011)
between electrodes divided by the width of electrodes
defining the current path) which transforms the measured
defect, n—a departure of a quality characteristic from its
conductancetothatobtainediftheelectrodeshadformedthe
intended level, or state, that occurs with a severity sufficient
opposite sides of a square.(2011)
to cause an associated product or service not to satisfy
DISCUSSION—Surface conductivity is expressed in siemens. It is
intended normal, or reasonably foreseeable, usage require-
popularly expressed as siemens/square (the size of the square is
ments.(2011)
immaterial). Surface conductivity is the reciprocal of surface resistiv-
DISCUSSION—The terms “defect” and “nonconformity” and their
ity.(2011) D257
derivatives are used somewhat interchangeably in the historical and
current literature. Nonconformity objectively describes the comparison
conductivity, volume, n—the volume conductance multiplied
of test results to specification requirements, while the term defect has a
by that ratio of specimen volume dimensions (distance
connotation of predicting the failure of a product or service to perform
betweenelectrodesdividedbythecross-sectionalareaofthe
its intended function in use. Since this latter connotation is often
electrodes) which transforms the measured conductance to
unintended, the term nonconformity is preferred in full consensus
that conductance obtained if the electrodes had formed the
standards. The selection of any sample plan is independent of whether
the term defect or nonconformity is appropriate.
opposite sides of a unit cube.(2011)
The term defect may be appropriate for specifications mutually
DISCUSSION—Volume conductivity is usually expressed in siemens/
agreed upon by a producer and a user where specific use conditions are
centimetre or in siemens/metre and is the reciprocal of volume
clearly understood. Even in these cases however, use the term defect
resistivity.(2011) D257
with caution and consider substituting the term nonconformity.
For additional comments, seeANSI/ASQCA2-1987 that also states:
conductor, n—a wire, or combination of wires not insulated
“When a quality characteristic of a product or service is “evaluated” in
fromeachother,suitableforcarryingelectriccurrent.(1996)
termsofconformancetospecificationrequirements,theuseoftheterm
D1676
nonconformity is appropriate.”(2011) D3636
continuous partial discharges (continuous corona),
dielectric, n—a medium in
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1711 − 14 D1711 − 14a
Standard Terminology Relating to
Electrical Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1711; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This terminology is used in connection with testing and specifying solid electrical insulating
materials. Modifications to this terminology, reflecting common usage, may appear in particular test
methods, material specifications, practices, or other standards. Included herein are terms pertinent to
general applications, electrical insulating papers, mica, mica processing, processed mica forms,
hookup wire insulation, and partial discharge (corona).
1. Scope*
1.1 This terminology standard is a compilation of technical terms associated with testing and specifying solid electrical and
electronic insulating materials.
1.2 This terminology standard shall contain all definitions that are balloted specifically through Subcommittee D09.94D09.94
and through D09D09 main committee and that are of general interest to standards associated with electrical and electronic
insulating materials. Those definitions shall be of importance to electrical and electronic insulating materials issues but need not
be directly associated with a specific standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating
Materials.
1.3 It is intended that all definitions in this terminology standard originating in a specific standard under the jurisdiction of
Committee D09D09 be identical to definitions of the same terms as printed in standards of originating technical subcommittees,
with the exceptions of: (1) deletion of any part of the Discussion included in another standard that refers specifically to the use
of a term in that standard; (2) figure numbers and corresponding references; and (3) in this terminology standard, a parenthetical
addition of a reference to one or more technical standards in which the term is used and the year in which the term was added to
this compilation.
1.3.1 Definitions contained in this terminology standard which did not originate in a specific standard under the jurisdiction of
Committee D09D09,, or which originated in a standard that has since been revised or withdrawn, and that have been appropriately
balloted, shall also be included in this terminology standard.
1.4 It is permissible to include symbols as part of the representation of terms, where appropriate.
1.4). It is also permissible to include
1.5 It is not intended that this terminology standard include symbols (except as noted in
acronyms and abbreviations referring directly to defined terms.
1.6 Revisions and additions to those definitions in this terminology standard which originate in a specific standard under the
jurisdiction of Committee D09D09 are to be made as a product of a collaborative effort between Subcommittee D09.94D09.94 and
the corresponding technical subcommittee of Committee D09D09,, with Subcommittee D09.94D09.94 providing editorial advice
to the technical subcommittees.
1.7 Each definition in this terminology standard shall be accompanied by the year in which it was first incorporated into the
standard, placed at the end in parentheses. All discussions shall also carry a date; it is possible that the discussion date is different
from the definition date.
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D09.94 on Editorial.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014Nov. 1, 2014. Published May 2014November 2014. Originally approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 as
D1711 – 13.D1711 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D1711-14.10.1520/D1711-14A.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1711 − 14a
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at
Commercial Power Frequencies
D150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
D470 Test Methods for Crosslinked Insulations and Jackets for Wire and Cable
D3426 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials Using
Impulse Waves
D3636 Practice for Sampling and Judging Quality of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials
2.2 Other Standards:
ANSI/ASQC A2-1987
GB/T 26667 Terminology for Electromagnetic Shielding Materials
3. Terminology
absorbing material, n—material capable of absorbing energy from an electromagnetic wave. (2014)
acceptable quality level (AQL), n—the maximum percent nonconforming which, for purposes of sampling inspection, is
considered satisfactory as a process average. (2011) D3636
acceptance number, n—the maximum allowable number of nonconformities for a given AQL and sample size (lot-sample
size). (2011) D3636
aging (act of), n—exposure of material to air or oil at a temperature and time as specified in the relevant material specification
for that material. (2013) D470
air chain, n—in mica, a series of air inclusions in the form of a chain or streak. (2011)
arc propagation, n—the movement of an electric arc from its point of inception to another location. (1996) D3032
arc tracking, n—the process producing tracks when arcs occur on or close to the insulation surface. (2011)
Arrhenius plot, n—a graph of the logarithm of thermal life as a function of the reciprocal of absolute temperature. (2011)
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
This term is defined in a way similar to the way it appears in the BG/TGB/T 26667 standard entitled, “Terminology for Electromagnetic Shielding Materials.”
DISCUSSION—
This is normally depicted as the best straight line fit, determined by least squares, of end points obtained at aging temperatures. It is important that
the slope, which is the activation energy of the degradation reaction, be approximately constant within the selected temperature range to ensure a valid
extrapolation. (2011) D2304
ash content of paper, n—the solid residue remaining after combustion of the paper under specified conditions, expressed as a
percentage of the dry mass of the original paper. (1996) D202
average discharge (corona) current (I ),n—the sum of the absolute magnitudes of the individual discharges during a certain time
t
interval divided by that time interval. (2011)
DISCUSSION—
When the discharges are measured in coulombs and the time interval in seconds, the calculated current will be in amperes. (2011)
t
Q 1Q 1222222Q
1 2 n
(
t
I 5 (1)
t
t 2 t
1 0
where:
I = average current, A,
t
t = starting time, s,
t = completion time, s, and
Q , Q , Q = partial discharge quantity in a corona pulse 1 through n, C.
1 2 n
D1711 − 14a
D1868
binder tape—see core wrap (binder tape).
bond strength, n—a measure of the force required to separate surfaces which have been bonded together. (1996)
D2519, D3145, D4882
braid, n—(1) woven metallic wire used as a shield for insulated conductors and cables.
(2) A woven fibrous protective outer covering over an insulated conductor or cable. (2011)
breakdown voltage—see dielectric breakdown voltage.
bursting strength of paper, n—the hydrostatic pressure required to produce rupture of a circular area of the material under
specified test conditions. (1996) D202
cable wrap, n—paper used for mechanical protection or for space-filling (rather than as electrical insulation) in low-voltage cables
with nonmetallic sheaths. (2011)
capacitance, C,n—that property of a system of conductors and dielectrics which permits the storage of electrically separated
charges when potential differences exist between the conductors. (2011)
DISCUSSION—
Capacitance is the ratio of a quantity, q, of electricity to a potential difference, V. A capacitance value is always positive. The units are farads when
the charge is expressed in coulombs and the potential in volts (2011):
C 5 q/V (2)
D150
capacitor tissue, n—very thin (5 to 50 μm) pure, nonporous paper used as the dielectric in capacitors, usually in conjunction with
an insulating liquid. (2011)
coating powder, n—a heat-fusible, finely-divided solid resinous material used to form electrical insulating coatings. (1996) D2967,
D3214
concentricity, n—the ratio, expressed in percent, of the minimum wall thickness to the maximum wall thickness. (2011) D2671
concentric-lay conductor, n—a conductor composed of a central core surrounded by one or more layers of helically laid
strands. (2011)
DISCUSSION—
In the most common type of concentric-lay conductor, all strands are of the same size and the central core is a single strand. (2011)
conductance, insulation, n—the ratio of the total volume and surface current between two electrodes (on or in a specimen) to the
dc voltage applied to the two electrodes. (2011)
DISCUSSION—
Insulation conductance is the reciprocal of insulation resistance. (2011) D257
conductance, surface, n—the ratio of the current between two electrodes (on the surface of a specimen) to the dc voltage applied
to the electrodes. (2011)
DISCUSSION—
(Some volume conductance is unavoidably included in the actual measurement.) Surface conductance is the reciprocal of surface resistance. (2011)
D257
conductance, volume, n—the ratio of the current in the volume of a specimen between two electrodes (on or in the specimen) to
the dc voltage applied to the two electrodes. (2011)
DISCUSSION—
Volume conductance is the reciprocal of volume resistance. (2011) D257
D1711 − 14a
conducting material (conductor), n—a material within which an electric current is produced by application of a voltage between
points on, or within, the material. (2011)
DISCUSSION—
The term “conducting material” is usually applied only to those materials in which a relatively small potential difference results in a relatively large
current since all materials appear to permit some conduction current. Metals and strong electrolytes are examples of conducting materials. (2011)
D4470
conductive adhesive,fiber, n—adhesive which exhibits conductivity and which is used for the purpose of adhesion.fiber which is
a conductive material or is otherwise made conductive on the surface. (2014)
conductive yarn,conductive gasket, n—yarn that provides conductivity and has been made either by blending a conductive fiber
with other fiber(s) or otherwise made conductive on the surface.conductive material used at a joint to ensure effective conductive
contact. (2014)
conductivity, surface, n—the surface conductance multiplied by that ratio of specimen surface dimensions (distance between
electrodes divided by the width of electrodes defining the current path) which transforms the measured conductance to that
obtained if the electrodes had formed the opposite sides of a square. (2011)
DISCUSSION—
Surface conductivity is expressed in siemens. It is popularly expressed as siemens/square (the size of the square is immaterial). Surface conductivity
is the reciprocal of surface resistivity. (2011) D257
conductivity, volume, n—the volume conductance multiplied by that ratio of specimen volume dimensions (distance between
electrodes divided by the cross-sectional area of the electrodes) which transforms the measured conductance to that conductance
obtained if the electrodes had formed the opposite sides of a unit cube. (2011)
DISCUSSION—
Volume conductivity is usually expressed in siemens/centimetre or in siemens/metre and is the reciprocal of volume resistivity. (2011) D257
conductor, n—a wire, or combination of wires not insulated from each other, suitable for carrying electric current. (1996) D1676
continuous partial discharges (continuous corona), n—discharges that recur at rather regular intervals; for example on
approximately every cycle of an alternating voltage or at least once per minute for an applied direct voltage. (2011) D1868
core wrap (binder tape), n—paper used to wrap groups of insulated wire into cable configuration prior to sheathing. (2011)
DISCUSSION—
Usually, this term is applied to telephone communication cables in which core wrap is not regularly subjected to voltage stress, but may be exposed
to surges from lightning strokes or other accidental events. (2011)
corona, n—visible partial discharges in gases adjacent to a conductor. (2011)
DISCUSSION—
This term has also been used to refer to partial discharges in general. (2011) D1868
critical property, n—a quantitatively measurable characteristic which is absolutely necessary to be met if a material or product
is to provide satisfactory performance for the intended use. (2011)
DISCUSSION—
In some situations, specification requirements coincide with customer usage requirements. In other situations, they may not coincide, being either more
or less stringent. More stringent sampling (for example, smaller AQL values) is usually used for measurement of characteristics which are considered
critical. The selection of sampling plans is independent of whether the term defect or nonconformity is appropriate. (2011) D3636
cross grains or reeves, n—in mica, tangled laminations causing imperfect cleavage. (2011)
crude mica—mica as mined; crude crystals with dirt and rock adhering. (2011)
D1711 − 14a
crystallographic discoloration, n—in mica, discoloration appearing as bands of lighter or darker shades of basic color of a block
of mica. (1996)
DISCUSSION—
Such bands are generally parallel to the crystallographic faces of the crystal from which the block was separated. (2011)
defect, n—a departure of a quality characteristic from its intended level, or state, that
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.