ASTM D1511-12(2023)

Standard Test Method for Carbon Black—Pellet Size Distribution

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The variation in the size of the pellets may relate to the level of dispersion and to the ease of handling. Due to the many other variables that influence dispersion and handling, the significance of pellet size must be determined by the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pellet size distribution of carbon black.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2023
• ICS: 83.040.20 - Rubber compounding ingredients
• Technical Committee: D24 - Carbon Black
• Drafting Committee: D24.51 - Carbon Black Pellet Properties

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D1900-06(2015) - Standard Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Bulk Shipments
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2015
• Refers: ASTM D1799-03a(2014) - Standard Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Packaged Shipments
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2014
• Refers: ASTM E11-13 - Standard Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2013
• Refers: ASTM D1900-06(2011) - Standard Practice for Carbon Black<char: emdash>Sampling Bulk Shipments
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011
• Refers: ASTM E11-09e1 - Standard Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
• Effective Date: 01-May-2009
• Refers: ASTM D1799-03a(2008) - Standard Practice for Carbon Black<span class='unicode'>&#x2014;</span>Sampling Packaged Shipments
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Refers: ASTM D5817-03a(2008) - Standard Practice for Carbon Black, Pelleted - Reduction, Blending, and Drying of Gross Samples for Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008
• Refers: ASTM D1900-06 - Standard Practice for Carbon Black-Sampling Bulk Shipments
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2006
• Refers: ASTM E11-04 - Standard Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing Purposes
• Effective Date: 01-May-2004
• Refers: ASTM D5817-03a - Standard Practice for Carbon Black, Pelleted&#8212;Reduction, Blending, and Drying of Gross Samples for Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Refers: ASTM D1799-03a - Standard Practice for Carbon Black&#8212;Sampling Packaged Shipments
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2003
• Refers: ASTM D1799-03 - Standard Practice for Carbon Black&#8212;Sampling Packaged Shipments
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Refers: ASTM D5817-03 - Standard Practice for Carbon Black, Pelleted-Reduction, Blending, and Drying of Gross Samples for Testing
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2003
• Refers: ASTM D1799-02 - Standard Practice for Carbon Black&#8212;Sampling Packaged Shipments
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Refers: ASTM E11-95 - Standard Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing Purposes
• Effective Date: 10-May-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1511 − 12 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Method for
Carbon Black—Pellet Size Distribution
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1511; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A sample of carbon black is shaken in a sieve shaker to
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pellet
separate the pellets by size with specified series of sieve
size distribution of carbon black.
screens arranged with progressively smaller openings. The
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
percentage, by mass, of carbon black retained on each sieve is
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
weighed to calculate the pellet size distribution.
only.
4. Significance and Use
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 The variation in the size of the pellets may relate to the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
level of dispersion and to the ease of handling. Due to the many
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
other variables that influence dispersion and handling, the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
significance of pellet size must be determined by the user.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
5. Apparatus
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5.1 Riffle Sample Splitter as specified in Practice D5817.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 5.2 Balance with a sensitivity of 0.1 g.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.3 Sieves—U.S. Standard Sieves or equivalent, conforming
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
to Specification E11. Sieve Nos. 10, 18, 35, 60, and 120,
having openings respectively of 2000, 1000, 500, 250, and 125
2. Referenced Documents
μm, shall be used. The sieves shall be 25 mm (1 in.) in height
2 and 200 mm (8 in.) in diameter.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1799 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Packaged 5.4 Bottom receiver pan and top sieve cover.
Shipments
5.5 Sieve Shaker—Any equipment that will vibrate or shake
D1900 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Bulk Ship-
a stack of sieves in a manner that will allow the pellets to
ments
separate into size fractions without excessive pellet breakage.
D4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test Method
The following three types of shakers have been found satis-
Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Manufacturing
factory for determining the pellet size distribution of pelleted
Industries
carbon black.
D5817 Practice for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Reduction,
5.5.1 Mechanical Sieve Shaker —The Mechanical Sieve
Blending, and Drying of Gross Samples for Testing
Shaker shall impart a uniform rotary and tapping motion to a
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
stack of sieves as described in 5.3. The shaker machine shall be
Sieves
powered with an electric motor producing constant oscillation
to the sieve stack providing 280 to 320 rotary motions/min and
140 to 160 taps per minute. The cover plate shall be fitted with
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on Carbon
Black and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.51 on Carbon Black
Pellet Properties. The following devices have been found suitable: the Ro-Tap Siever and the AS
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2023. Published March 2023. Originally 200 tap. The sole sources of supply known to the committee at this time are,
approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D1511 – 12 (2017). respectively, WS Tyler, 8570 Tyler Blvd., Mentor, OH 44060, E-mail:
DOI: 10.1520/D1511-12R23. [e-mail], and Retsch Inc., 74 Walker Lane, Newton, PA 18940, E-mail:
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or [e-mail]. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive
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D1511 − 12 (2023)
1 3
TABLE 1 Precision-Type 1 Carbon Black-Pellet Size Distribution
a cork stopper that shall extend 3 to 9 mm ( ⁄8 to ⁄8 in.) above
A
+10
the metal recess. Materials other than cork, such as rubber or
Mean
Within Laboratories Between Laboratories
wood, are unacceptable. The amplitude of the hammer shall be
Material Level,
5 1
set at 3.30 6 0.15 cm (1– ⁄16 6 ⁄16 in.). Sr r (r) SR R (R)
%
Sample 2 0.62 0.08 0.21 34.36 0.27 0.76 121.45
5.5.2 Vibratory Siever —The Retsch Sieve Shaker AS200
Sample 3 1.77 0.23 0.64 36.08 0.49 1.39 78.37
has variable timer and amplitude settings. When set at 3 min
Sample 1 3.52 0.32 0.90 25.58 1.33 3.75 106.64
and 0.5 amplitude, the AS200 provides satisfactory results. It
pooled or
average
accommodates a stack of sieves as described in 5.3.
5 values 1.97 0.23 0.65 32.94 0.83 2.35 119.29
5.5.3 Automatic Sieve Shaker —The Gradex 2000 automati-
A
This is short term precision (days) with:
cally performs all of the required steps including the weighing
p = 7, q = 3, and n = 4.
of the sample and the individual fractions retained on each
Symbols are defined as follows:
sieve. The equipment consists of a balance, autofeed system,
Sr = Within laboratory standard deviation,
electric motor that imparts a uniform rotary motion, pneumati-
r = repeatability (in measured units),
cally operated rods to provide the tapping action, and computer
(r) = repeatability (in percent),
SR = Between laboratory standard deviation,
and software to record and perform analyses. Shake time of 1
R = reproducibility (in measured units), and
min provides satisfactory test results. The test sieves are
(R) = reproducibility (in percent).
described in 5.3.
NOTE 1—Top sieve cover is not needed for the Gradex 2000.
NOTE 2—The Gradex is supplied with one standard tapping rod. It is
recommended that two additional tapping rods be installed to provide
additional tapping action.
7.3.4.2 Vibratory Shaker—3 min and 0.5 mm amplitude.
7.3.5 Remove the sieve assembly from the apparatus and
6. Sampling
weigh individually the carbon black retained on each sieve and
6.1 Lot samples shall be taken in accordance with Practices
bottom receiver pan to the nearest 0.1 g.
D1799 or D1900.
7.3.6 Record the data and calculate as noted in Section 8.
6.2 Practice D5817 shall be used for blending or reducing
7.4 Automatic Sieve Shaker:
samples.
7.4.1 Follow the manufacturer’s instructions to load soft-
ware and configure the shake time to 1 min.
7. Procedure
7.4.2 Transfer the sieve assembly to the automatic sieve
7.1 Prepare carbon black for testing as noted in Section 6.
shaker.
7.4.3 Weigh or measure approximately 100 g of carbon
NOTE 3—It is not good practice to weigh out the test portion by pouring
it directly from the sample container since the smaller pellets will tend to
black.
remain in the container while the larger pellets pour out first. Dipping the
7.4.4 Transfer measured carbon black to the autofeed con-
black from the container is the preferred technique.
tainer.
7.2 Prepare the sieve assembly by stacking the sieves in the
7.4.5 Enter the sample identification into the operating
following order from bottom to top: Bottom receiver pan, No.
program. Repeat steps 7.4.3 – 7.4.5 as required for consecutive
120, No. 60, No. 35, No. 18, No. 10, and top sieve cover.
samples. Up to six samples may be identified at one time.
7.4.6 Start the testing sequence according to the manufac-
NOTE 4—Top sieve cover is not needed for the Gradex 2000.
turer’s operating instructions.
7.3 Mechanical and Vibratory Sieve Shakers:
7.4.7 Retrieve report from the computer.
7.3.1 Weigh 100.0 g of carbon black.
7.3.2 Transfer weighed carbon black to the top sieve.
8. Calculation
7.3.3 Install the sieve cover and tra
...