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ASTM E72-14a

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods of Conducting Strength Tests of Panels for Building Construction

Standard Test Methods of Conducting Strength Tests of Panels for Building Construction

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
8.1 The procedures described are those that will test the behavior of segments of wall construction under conditions representative of those encountered in service. Performance criteria based on data from those procedures can ensure structural adequacy and service life.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the following procedures for determining the structural properties of segments of wall, floor, and roof constructions:    
Section  
Test Specimens  
3  
Loading  
4  
Deformation Measurements  
5  
Reports  
6  
Precision and Accuracy  
7  
TESTING WALLS  
Significance and Use  
8  
Compressive Load  
9  
Tensile Load  
10  
Transverse Load—Specimen Horizontal  
11  
Transverse Load—Specimen Vertical  
12  
Concentrated Load  
13  
Impact Load—See Test Methods E695 and E661  
Racking Load—Evaluation of Sheathing Materials
on a Standard Wood Frame  
14  
Racking Load—Evaluation of Sheathing Materials (Wet)
on a Standard Wood Frame  
15  
TESTING FLOORS  
Significance and Use  
16  
Transverse Load  
17  
Concentrated Load  
18  
Impact Load—See Test Methods E695 and E661  
TESTING ROOFS  
Section  
Significance and Use  
19  
Transverse Load  
20  
Concentrated Load  
21  
APPENDIX  
Technical Interpretation  
Appendix X1  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—SI units are used in Fig. 6.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2014
ICS
91.060.10 - Walls. Partitions. Facades
Technical Committee
E06 - Performance of Buildings
Drafting Committee
E06.11 - Horizontal and Vertical Structures/Structural Performance of Completed Structures
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E72-14 - Standard Test Methods of Conducting Strength Tests of Panels for Building Construction
Effective Date
01-Jul-2014
Referred By
ASTM C90-22 - Standard Specification for Loadbearing Concrete Masonry Units
Effective Date
01-Jul-2014
Referred By
ASTM D3841-21 - Standard Specification for Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Plastic Panels
Effective Date
01-Jul-2014
Referred By
ASTM C208-22 - Standard Specification for Cellulosic Fiber Insulating Board
Effective Date
01-Jul-2014
Referred By
ASTM D2394-17(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Simulated Service Testing of Wood and Wood-Based Finish Flooring
Effective Date
01-Jul-2014
Referred By
ASTM E2322-22 - Standard Test Method for Conducting Transverse and Concentrated Load Tests on Panels used in Floor and Roof Construction
Effective Date
01-Jul-2014
Referred By
ASTM C1852-20 - Standard Guide for Product Selection/Delivery Systems for Aerosol Foam Sealants and Adhesives
Effective Date
01-Jul-2014
Referred By
ASTM E2969-18 - Standard Test Methods for Transverse Load Tests on Panels Used in Wall Construction
Effective Date
01-Jul-2014
Referred By
ASTM F3459-21 - Standard Specification for Rigid Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) Exterior Profiles Used for Sound Walls
Effective Date
01-Jul-2014
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ASTM C956-04(2019) - Standard Specification for Installation of Cast-In-Place Reinforced Gypsum Concrete
Effective Date
01-Jul-2014
Referred By
ASTM C887-20 - Standard Specification for Packaged, Dry, Combined Materials for Surface Bonding Mortar
Effective Date
01-Jul-2014
Referred By
ASTM E2570/E2570M-07(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Water-Resistive Barrier (WRB) Coatings Used under Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) or EIFS with Drainage
Effective Date
01-Jul-2014
Referred By
ASTM E1803-14(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Determining Strength Capacities of Structural Insulated Panels
Effective Date
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ASTM E2126-19 - Standard Test Methods for Cyclic (Reversed) Load Test for Shear Resistance of Vertical Elements of the Lateral Force Resisting Systems for Buildings
Effective Date
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E72 − 14a
StandardTest Methods of
Conducting Strength Tests of Panels for Building
1
Construction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E72; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
Sound engineering design of structures using existing or new materials requires accurate technical
data on the strength and rigidity of the basic elements employed in various construction systems. It is
the purpose of these test methods to provide a systematic basis for obtaining engineering data on
various construction elements and structural details of value to designers, builders, building officials,
and others interested in this field. The results should closely approximate the performance in actual
service.
1. Scope
Concentrated Load 21
APPENDIX
1.1 These test methods cover the following procedures for
Technical Interpretation Appendix X1
determining the structural properties of segments of wall, floor,
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
and roof constructions:
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Section
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Test Specimens 3
and are not considered standard.
Loading 4
Deformation Measurements 5 1.2.1 Exception—SI units are used in Fig. 6.
Reports 6
Precision and Accuracy 7
2. Referenced Documents
TESTING WALLS
Significance and Use 8 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Compressive Load 9
D2395 TestMethodsforDensityandSpecificGravity(Rela-
Tensile Load 10
Transverse Load—Specimen Horizontal 11
tive Density) of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
Transverse Load—Specimen Vertical 12
D4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-
Concentrated Load 13
ment of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
Impact Load—See Test Methods E695 and E661
Racking Load—Evaluation of Sheathing Materials 14
D7438 Practice for Field Calibration and Application of
on a Standard Wood Frame
Hand-Held Moisture Meters
Racking Load—Evaluation of Sheathing Materials (Wet) 15
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
on a Standard Wood Frame
TESTING FLOORS
E73 Practice for Static Load Testing of Truss Assemblies
Significance and Use 16
E564 Practice for Static Load Test for Shear Resistance of
Transverse Load 17
Framed Walls for Buildings
Concentrated Load 18
Impact Load—See Test Methods E695 and E661
E575 Practice for Reporting Data from Structural Tests of
TESTING ROOFS
Building Constructions, Elements, Connections, and As-
Section
Significance and Use 19 semblies
Transverse Load 20
E661 Test Method for Performance of Wood and Wood-
Based Floor and Roof Sheathing Under Concentrated
Static and Impact Loads
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
Performance of Buildings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.11
on Horizontal and Vertical Structures/Structural Performance of Completed Struc-
2
tures. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 1, 2014. Published August 2014. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E72 – 14. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E0072-14A. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E72 − 14a
E695 Test Method of Measuring Relative Resistance of with no load on the specimen or under a small initial load.
Wall, Floor, and Roof Construction to Impact Loading Increase the load to the first increment and record the defor-
E2126 Test Methods for Cyclic (Reversed) Load Test for mation. Unless otherwise specified, decrease the load to the
Shear Resistance ofVertical Elements of the Lateral Force initial load and record the set (sometimes designated “perma-
Resisting Systems for Buildings nent set”). Increase the load to two increments and record the
E2309/E2309M Practices for Verification of Displacement set, when it is released to the initial load. Follow this sequence
Measuring Systems and Devices Used in Material Testing of readings for three increments, four increments, and so forth,
Machines of load. When for each specimen the behavior of the specimen
E2322 Test Method for Conducting Transverse and Concen- under load indicates that the specimen might fail suddenly and
trated Load Tests on Pa
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E72 − 14 E72 − 14a
Standard Test Methods of
Conducting Strength Tests of Panels for Building
1
Construction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E72; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
Sound engineering design of structures using existing or new materials requires accurate technical
data on the strength and rigidity of the basic elements employed in various construction systems. It is
the purpose of these test methods to provide a systematic basis for obtaining engineering data on
various construction elements and structural details of value to designers, builders, building officials,
and others interested in this field. The results should closely approximate the performance in actual
service.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the following procedures for determining the structural properties of segments of wall, floor, and
roof constructions:
Section
Test Specimens 3
Loading 4
Deformation Measurements 5
Reports 6
Precision and Accuracy 7
TESTING WALLS
Significance and Use 8
Compressive Load 9
Tensile Load 10
Transverse Load—Specimen Horizontal 11
Transverse Load—Specimen Vertical 12
Concentrated Load 13
Impact Load—See Test Methods E695 and E661
Racking Load—Evaluation of Sheathing Materials 14
on a Standard Wood Frame
Racking Load—Evaluation of Sheathing Materials (Wet) 15
on a Standard Wood Frame
TESTING FLOORS
Significance and Use 16
Transverse Load 17
Concentrated Load 18
Impact Load—See Test Methods E695 and E661
TESTING ROOFS
Section
Significance and Use 19
Transverse Load 20
Concentrated Load 21
APPENDIX
Technical Interpretation Appendix X1
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.11 on
Horizontal and Vertical Structures/Structural Performance of Completed Structures.
Current edition approved June 1, 2014July 1, 2014. Published August 2014. Originally approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 as
E72 – 13a.E72 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/E0072-14.10.1520/E0072-14A.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E72 − 14a
1.2.1 Exception—SI units are used in Fig. 6.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2395 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
D4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
D7438 Practice for Field Calibration and Application of Hand-Held Moisture Meters
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E73 Practice for Static Load Testing of Truss Assemblies
E564 Practice for Static Load Test for Shear Resistance of Framed Walls for Buildings
E575 Practice for Reporting Data from Structural Tests of Building Constructions, Elements, Connections, and Assemblies
E661 Test Method for Performance of Wood and Wood-Based Floor and Roof Sheathing Under Concentrated Static and Impact
Loads
E695 Test Method of Measuring Relative Resistance of Wall, Floor, and Roof Construction to Impact Loading
E2126 Test Methods for Cyclic (Reversed) Load Test for Shear Resistance of Vertical Elements of the Lateral Force Resisting
Systems for Buildings
E2309/E2309M Practices for Verification of Displacement Measuring Systems and Devices Used in Material Testing Machines
E2322 Test Method for Conducting Transverse and Concentrated Load Tests on Panels used in Floor and Roof Construction
3
2.2 Other Document:
NIST Voluntary Product Standard PS20 American Softwood Lumber Standard
3. Test Specimens
3.1 Size—There shall be at least three specimens for each test. Specimens shall be constructed to represent sections of the wall,
floor, or roof assembly. The specimens shall be representative as to material and workmanship and shall be of the largest practical
size to predict structural performance attributes of the assemb
...

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Standard Guide for Evaluation of Building Exterior Enclosure Materials, Products, and Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide may be used by design professionals and others in the building construction industry to provide factual support for professional judgment of materials, products, or systems during the design development of new and remedial building exterior enclosure construction.  
4.2 This guide is intended to provide guidance to the user of this standard in the evaluation and qualification of materials, products, or systems with which they do not have substantial, long-term experience or that are intended to be employed in a new or different manner. The standard may be used to investigate and assess the probable performance of such materials, products, or systems in relation to the proposed use on or as part of a building exterior enclosure.  
4.3 The procedures outlined in Section 5 will help guide the user in making informed selections based on the materials, products, or systems performance history on constructed projects and provide information on limitations of use, the manufacturer’s performance history, and current status. The use of this guide will reduce, but not eliminate, the risk of in-service performance problems with materials, products, or systems.  
4.4 The procedures listed in this guide are intended for use in selecting materials, products, or systems that are critical to the safety, function, or serviceability of a building, or where they constitute substantial components of the work. The recommendations in this guide are not applicable to all materials, products, or systems that can be incorporated in buildings. The user must exercise appropriate judgment and care regarding the need when applying the various procedures included in this guide, including the use of the form included in Appendix X1, with regard to particular materials, products, or systems, and specific buildings. Materials, products, or systems that will be used for a noncritical or incidental use usually do not require an exhaustive evaluation. Materials, products, or systems ...
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1.1 This guide covers guidance to design professionals in the evaluation of materials, products, or systems with which they are not familiar and to help determine that the selected materials, products, or systems are suitable for use on or as a part of a building’s exterior enclosure.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2128-20(Guide)
Standard Guide for Evaluating Water Leakage of Building Walls

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to provide building professionals with a comprehensive methodology for evaluating water leakage through walls. It addresses the performance expectations and service history of a wall, the various components of a wall, and the interaction between these components and adjacent construction. It is not intended as a construction quality control procedure, nor as a preconstruction qualification procedure. It is intended for evaluating buildings that exhibit water leakage.  
4.1.1 Qualifications—This guide requires the evaluator to possess a knowledge of basic physics and of construction and wall design principles and practices.  
4.1.2 Application—The sequential activities described herein are intended to produce a complete and comprehensive evaluation program, but all activities may not be applicable or necessary for a particular evaluation program. It is the responsibility of the professional using this guide to determine the activities and sequence necessary to properly perform an appropriate leakage evaluation for a specific building.  
4.1.3 Preliminary Assessment—A preliminary assessment may indicate that water leakage problems are limited to a specific element or portion of a wall. The preliminary assessment may also indicate that the wall is not the source of a leak even though it is perceived as such by the building occupant. The presence of water might result from a roofing problem, a condensation problem, a plumbing problem, operable windows or doors left opened or unlatched or some other condition not directly related to water leakage through the building wall and is outside the scope of this guide. The evaluation of causes may likewise be limited in scope, and the procedures recommended herein abridged according to the professional judgement of the evaluator. A statement stipulating the limits of the investigation should be included in the report.  
4.1.4 Expectations—Expectations about the overall effectiveness of an evaluatio...
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1.1 This guide describes methods for determining and evaluating causes of water leakage of exterior walls. For this purpose, water penetration is considered leakage, and therefore problematic, if it exceeds the planned resistance or temporary retention and drainage capacity of the wall, is causing or is likely to cause premature deterioration of a building or its contents, or is adversely affecting the performance of other components. A wall is considered a system including its exterior and interior finishes, fenestration, structural components, and components for maintaining the building interior environment.  
1.2 Investigative techniques discussed may be intrusive, disruptive, or destructive. It is the responsibility of the investigator to establish the limitations of use, to anticipate and advise of the destructive nature of some procedures, and to plan for patching and selective reconstruction as necessary.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—Solely inch-pound units are stated in 10.3.1, 10.3.2.1, X1.5.3.7, X2.5.1.3, X3.4.3.3, X5.1.2.2, X5.5.5, X5.6.3, and X8.5.1.3.  
1.4 This practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. Establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Awareness of safety and familiarity with safe procedures are particularly important for above-ground operations on the exterior of a building and destructive investigative procedures which typically are associated with the work described in this guide.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of Internat...

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ASTM
ASTM E3223/E3223M-20(Guide)
Standard Guide for Specifying and Testing Field-Constructed Exterior Building Wall System Mockups in New Construction

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to assist the construction team in evaluating the constructability, functionality, sequence of construction, interference, tolerances, component performance, and assembled system performance of the exterior wall systems.  
4.2 This guide does not establish specific roles for the parties involved during construction or the contractual obligations of those parties. The role of each party within any specific project should be established and documented before the start of the project.  
4.3 This guide is intended for use when specifying construction mockups that are either integrated mockups or off-structure mockups.  
4.4 This guide is intended to aid the specifier in the development of a QA mockup program for assessing the performance of exterior walls. It is not intended to provide a comprehensive list of applicable test methods for QA testing available or applicable to a mockup program.  
4.5 This guide does not address preconstruction laboratory testing of a wall system.  
4.6 This guide is intended to address technical issues with the performance of the wall system and the interconnection of the various components and systems. A mockup may or may not be used as an aesthetic mockup; however, this guide is not intended to address aesthetic issues with the wall system.  
4.7 This guide is not intended to provide guidance for construction observation services. However, the mockup may be useful to inform inspectors of the intended construction, sequence, materials, and interface conditions encountered on the project and serve as a standard of quality to which the remainder of construction can be compared.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides information to assist in the specification, design, and performance testing of field-constructed exterior wall assemblies (“mockups”) for construction projects. This includes testing procedures appropriate to evaluate the component and assembly performance for water penetration resistance, air leakage resistance, and other test methods that may be applied as part of the quality assurance (QA) program for the installed systems.  
1.2 This guide is intended to be applied to exterior wall mockups that include components, systems, and assemblies including, but not limited to, curtain walls, windows, doors, masonry walls, precast concrete, cast-in-place concrete, exterior insulation and finish system (EIFS), roofing interfaces, stucco, wood siding, metal panels, sealants, appurtenances, penetrations, louvers, and combinations thereof. Such mockups are expected to include the intersection between wall systems.  
1.3 This guide is not intended to provide a comprehensive list of potential testing that may be applicable to field-constructed mockups. Additional tests may be applicable to mockups for specific projects.  
1.4 This guide is not intended to address all possible project delivery methods and as such the requirements listed herein must be evaluated by the specifier for appropriateness with the delivery method.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical...

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