ASTM C1445-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Consistency of Castable Refractory Using a Flow Table
Standard Test Method for Measuring Consistency of Castable Refractory Using a Flow Table
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The amount of water used in a castable mix for preparing test specimens has a significant influence on subsequent test results. This test method is used primarily to determine and reproduce the consistency required for the optimum casting of refractory castables in the preparation of test specimens and to express that consistency quantitatively. The correct water content is one of the major factors that must be controlled to obtain uniform test specimens. Excess water can reduce strength, increase volume shrinkage, and promote segregation of the castable ingredients. Insufficient water can produce “honeycombs” (air voids) in the castable because of poor consolidation during placement and prevent complete hydration of cement.
3.2 The flow table (see sketches in Specification C230/C230M) has been found to be an excellent tool for measuring the consistency of a castable and should be used in cases where a numerical result is required. Since castables differ somewhat in their “body” or plasticity, it has been found that a good casting range, expressed numerically, might vary from castable to castable. While one material may cast well between 40 and 60 % flow, another material may need to be in the 60 to 80 % flow range to properly flow. Because of this, it has been found that no arbitrary optimum range can be stated for all castables. The flow table then becomes a tool for measuring the flow and not determining it. It can allow the operator to follow the manufacturer's recommendations or to reproduce the consistency of a particular castable between laboratories.
3.3 Total time of wet mixing must be closely controlled to obtain reproducible results.
3.4 This test method is not intended to be used to determine the proper water content for gunning applications, although it may provide information of value for interpretation by a skilled operator.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the consistency of castable refractory mixes by the flow table method.
1.2 This test method applies to regular weight castable refractories, insulating castable refractories, and castable refractories that require heavy vibration for forming, which are described in Classification C401. They also apply to such castables containing metal fibers.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C1445 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Consistency of Castable Refractory Using a Flow
1
Table
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1445; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C860Test Method for Determining the Consistency of
Refractory Castable Using the Ball-In-Hand Test
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining
D346Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke
the consistency of castable refractory mixes by the flow table
Samples for Laboratory Analysis
method.
1.2 This test method applies to regular weight castable
3. Significance and Use
refractories, insulating castable refractories, and castable re-
3.1 The amount of water used in a castable mix for
fractories that require heavy vibration for forming, which are
preparing test specimens has a significant influence on subse-
described in Classification C401. They also apply to such
quent test results. This test method is used primarily to
castables containing metal fibers.
determine and reproduce the consistency required for the
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
optimum casting of refractory castables in the preparation of
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
test specimens and to express that consistency quantitatively.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
The correct water content is one of the major factors that must
and are not considered standard.
be controlled to obtain uniform test specimens. Excess water
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
can reduce strength, increase volume shrinkage, and promote
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
segregation of the castable ingredients. Insufficient water can
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
produce “honeycombs” (air voids) in the castable because of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
poor consolidation during placement and prevent complete
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
hydration of cement.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2 The flow table (see sketches in Specification C230/
2
C230M) has been found to be an excellent tool for measuring
2.1 ASTM Standards:
theconsistencyofacastableandshouldbeusedincaseswhere
C71Terminology Relating to Refractories
a numerical result is required. Since castables differ somewhat
C230/C230MSpecification for Flow Table for Use in Tests
in their “body” or plasticity, it has been found that a good
of Hydraulic Cement
castingrange,expressednumerically,mightvaryfromcastable
C401 Classification of Alumina and Alumina-Silicate
to castable. While one material may cast well between 40 and
Castable Refractories
60% flow, another material may need to be in the 60 to 80%
flow range to properly flow. Because of this, it has been found
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
that no arbitrary optimum range can be stated for all castables.
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.09 on Monolith-
ics. The flow table then becomes a tool for measuring the flow and
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2013. Published October 2013. Originally
not determining it. It can allow the operator to follow the
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C1445– 07. DOI:
manufacturer’s recommendations or to reproduce the consis-
10.1520/C1445-13.
2
tency of a particular castable between laboratories.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.3 Total time of wet mixing must be closely controlled to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. obtain reproducible results.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C1445 − 13
FIG. 1 Plibrico Ruggedness Test Results
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C1445 − 13
3.4 This test method is not intended to be used to determine
the proper water content for gunning applications, although it
mayprovideinformationofvalueforinterpretationbyaskilled
operator.
4. Interferences (Factors Known to Affect Results)
4.1 A ruggedness test (Fig. 1) was performed using “C230
3
Calibration Mixture” . All factors were found not to cause
statistically significant effects on measured results. SeeASTM
Research Report No. RR:C08-1016.
4.2 Factors which were fou
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1445 − 07 C1445 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Consistency of Castable Refractory Using a Flow
1
Table
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1445; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the consistency of castable refractory mixes by the flow table method.
1.2 This test method applies to regular weight castable refractories, insulating castable refractories, and castable refractories that
require heavy vibration for forming, which are described in Classification C401. They also apply to such castables containing metal
fibers.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C71 Terminology Relating to Refractories
C230/C230M Specification for Flow Table for Use in Tests of Hydraulic Cement
C401 Classification of Alumina and Alumina-Silicate Castable Refractories
C860 Test Method for Determining the Consistency of Refractory Castable Using the Ball-In-Hand Test
D346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke Samples for Laboratory Analysis
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The amount of water used in a castable mix for preparing test specimens has a significant influence on subsequent test
results. This test method is used primarily to determine and reproduce the consistency required for the optimum casting of
refractory castables in the preparation of test specimens and to express that consistency quantitatively. The correct water content
is one of the major factors that must be controlled to obtain uniform test specimens. Excess water can reduce strength, increase
volume shrinkage, and promote segregation of the castable ingredients. Insufficient water can produce “honeycombs” (air voids)
in the castable because of poor consolidation during placement and prevent complete hydration of cement.
3.2 The flow table (see sketches in Specification C230/C230M) has been found to be an excellent tool for measuring the
consistency of a castable and should be used in cases where a numerical result is required. Since castables differ somewhat in their
“body” or plasticity, it has been found that a good casting range, expressed numerically, might vary from castable to castable. While
one material may cast well between 40 and 60 % flow, another material may need to be in the 60 to 80 % flow range to properly
flow. Because of this, it has been found that no arbitrary optimum range can be stated for all castables. The flow table then becomes
a tool for measuring the flow and not determining it. It can allow the operator to follow the manufacturer’s recommendations or
to reproduce the consistency of a particular castable between laboratories.
3.3 Total time of wet mixing must be closely controlled to obtain reproducible results.
3.4 This test method is not intended to be used to determine the proper water content for gunning applications, although it may
provide information of value for interpretation by a skilled operator.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.09 on Monolithics.
Current edition approved March 1, 2007Sept. 1, 2013. Published April 2007October 2013. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20052007 as
C1445 – 99C1445(2005). –07. DOI: 10.1520/C1445-07.10.1520/C1445-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1445 − 13
4. Interferences (Factors K
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