ASTM F1693-21
(Guide)Standard Guide for Consideration of Bioremediation as an Oil Spill Response Method on Land
Standard Guide for Consideration of Bioremediation as an Oil Spill Response Method on Land
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide remediation managers and spill response teams with guidance on bioremediation.
3.2 Bioremediation is one of many available tools and may not be applicable to all situations. This guide can be used in conjunction with other ASTM guides addressing oil spill response operations.
SCOPE
1.1 The goal of this guide is to provide recommendations for the use of biodegradation enhancing agents for remediating oil spills in terrestrial environments.
1.2 This is a general guide only, assuming the bioremediation agent to be safe, effective, available, and applied in accordance with both manufacturers' recommendations and relevant environmental regulations. As referred to in this guide, oil includes crude and refined petroleum products.
1.3 This guide addresses the application of bioremediation agents alone or in conjunction with other technologies, following spills on surface terrestrial environments.
1.4 This guide does not consider the ecological effects of bioremediation agents.
1.5 This guide applies to all terrestrial environments. Specifically, it addresses various technological applications used in these environments.
1.6 In making bioremediation-use decisions, appropriate government authorities must be consulted as required by law.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. In addition, it is the responsibility of the user to ensure that such activity takes place under the control and direction of a qualified person with full knowledge of any potential or appropriate safety and health protocols.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1693 − 21
Standard Guide for
Consideration of Bioremediation as an Oil Spill Response
1
Method on Land
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1693; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Terminology
1.1 The goal of this guide is to provide recommendations 2.1 Definitions:
for the use of biodegradation enhancing agents for remediating 2.1.1 aerobes—organisms that require air or free oxygen for
oil spills in terrestrial environments. growth.
2.1.2 anaerobes—organisms that grow in the absence of air
1.2 This is a general guide only, assuming the bioremedia-
or oxygen and do not use molecular oxygen in respiration.
tion agent to be safe, effective, available, and applied in
accordance with both manufacturers’ recommendations and
2.1.3 bioaugmentation—the addition of microorganisms
relevantenvironmentalregulations.Asreferredtointhisguide,
(usuallypredominantlybacteria)toincreasethebiodegradation
oil includes crude and refined petroleum products.
rate of target pollutants.
1.3 This guide addresses the application of bioremediation
2.1.4 biodegradation—chemical alteration and breakdown
agents alone or in conjunction with other technologies, follow-
of a substance, usually to smaller products, caused by micro-
ing spills on surface terrestrial environments.
organisms or their enzymes.
1.4 This guide does not consider the ecological effects of 2.1.5 bioremediation—enhancement of biodegradation.
bioremediation agents.
2.1.6 bioremediation agents—inorganic and organic com-
pounds and microorganisms that are added to enhance degra-
1.5 This guide applies to all terrestrial environments.
dation processes, predominantly microbial.
Specifically, it addresses various technological applications
used in these environments.
2.1.7 biostimulation—the addition of microbial nutrients,
oxygen, heat, or water, or some combination thereof, to
1.6 In making bioremediation-use decisions, appropriate
enhance the rate of biodegradation of target pollutants by
government authorities must be consulted as required by law.
indigenous species (predominantly bacteria).
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2.1.8 ecosystem—organisms and the surrounding environ-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ment combined in a community that is self-supporting.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3. Significance and Use
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. In
addition, it is the responsibility of the user to ensure that such
3.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide remediation
activity takes place under the control and direction of a managers and spill response teams with guidance on bioreme-
qualified person with full knowledge of any potential or
diation.
appropriate safety and health protocols.
3.2 Bioremediation is one of many available tools and may
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
not be applicable to all situations. This guide can be used in
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
conjunction with other ASTM guides addressing oil spill
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
response operations.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4. General Considerations for Bioremediation Use
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 Bioremediation technologies attempt to accelerate the
natural rate of biodegradation. In situ, solid-phase, and slurry-
1
phase represent the major bioremediation technologies used.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Thesetechnologiesmaybeunnecessaryinthosecasesinwhich
F20.13 on Treatment.
the natural rate of biodegradation suffices, such as for thin
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2021. Published February 2021. Originally
films.The use of adequate controls in preliminary field studies,
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as F1693 – 17. DOI:
10.1520/F1693-21. or the results of previously reported studies, will assist in
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1693 − 17 F1693 − 21
Standard Guide for
Consideration of Bioremediation as an Oil Spill Response
1
Method on Land
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1693; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 The goal of this guide is to provide recommendations for the use of biodegradation enhancing agents for remediating oil spills
in terrestrial environments.
1.2 This is a general guide only, assuming the bioremediation agent to be safe, effective, available, and applied in accordance with
both manufacturers’ recommendations and relevant environmental regulations. As referred to in this guide, oil includes crude and
refined petroleum products.
1.3 This guide addresses the application of bioremediation agents alone or in conjunction with other technologies, following spills
on surface terrestrial environments.
1.4 This guide does not consider the ecological effects of bioremediation agents.
1.5 This guide applies to all terrestrial environments. Specifically, it addresses various technological applications used in these
environments.
1.6 In making bioremediation-use decisions, appropriate government authorities must be consulted as required by law.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. In addition, it is the responsibility of the user to ensure that such activity takes place under the
control and direction of a qualified person with full knowledge of any potential or appropriate safety and health protocols.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Terminology
2.1 Definitions:
2.1.1 aerobes—organisms that require air or free oxygen for growth.
2.1.2 anaerobes—organisms that grow in the absence of air or oxygen and do not use molecular oxygen in respiration.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F20.13
on Treatment.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2017Feb. 1, 2021. Published January 2018February 2021. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20132017 as
F1693 – 13.F1693 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/F1693-17.10.1520/F1693-21.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1693 − 21
2.1.3 bioaugmentation—the addition of microorganisms (usually predominantly bacteria) to increase the biodegradation rate of
target pollutants.
2.1.4 biodegradation—chemical alteration and breakdown of a substance, usually to smaller products, caused by microorganisms
or their enzymes.
2.1.5 bioremediation—enhancement of biodegradation.
2.1.6 bioremediation agents—inorganic and organic compounds and microorganisms that are added to enhance degradation
processes, predominantly microbial.
2.1.7 biostimulation—the addition of microbial nutrients, oxygen, heat, or water, or some combination thereof, to enhance the rate
of biodegradation of target pollutants by indigenous species (predominantly bacteria).
2.1.8 ecosystem—organisms and the surrounding environment combined in a community that is self-supporting.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide remediation managers and spill response teams with guidance on bioremediation.
3.2 Bioremediation is one of many available tools and may not be applicable to all situations. This guide can be used in
conjunction with other ASTM guides addressing oil spill response operations as well as options other than bioremediation.op-
erations.
4. General Considerations for Bioremediation Use
4.1 Bioremediation technologies attempt to accelerate the natural rate of biodegradation. In situ, solid-phase, and slurry-phase
represent the major bioremediation technologi
...
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