ASTM C92-95(1999)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Sieve Analysis and Water Content of Refractory Materials
Standard Test Methods for Sieve Analysis and Water Content of Refractory Materials
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover a wet and a dry method for sieve analysis of refractory materials.
1.1.1 Wet Sieve Analysis--Water promotes the slaking of clays and helps to separate fine particles, washing them from the larger grains. This method is recommended for use with materials that require water addition, and that slake in normal industrial use.
1.1.2 Dry Sieve Analysis--The dry method is not as effective as the wet method in determining the amount of material present in the smaller particle sizes. It is recommended (1) for clays, when the slaking action of water is undesirable, (2) when the material is in the form of coarsely ground grog and calcine, and (3) when the clay is to be used in such a way that the ultimate particle size is of secondary importance.
1.2 These test methods also cover determination of the water content of refractory materials in the wet condition and of air-dried samples as received, so that the sieve analysis can be calculated on the dry basis. Included is a method for obtaining the water content of other refractory materials, such as plastic refractories and wet mixes.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:C 92–95 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Test Methods for
Sieve Analysis and Water Content of Refractory Materials
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC92;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope E11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
poses
1.1 These test methods cover a wet and a dry method for
E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
sieve analysis of refractory materials.
E122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate a
1.1.1 Wet Sieve Analysis—Water promotes the slaking of
Measure of Quality for a Lot or Process
clays and helps to separate fine particles, washing them from
2.2 Other Document:
the larger grains. This method is recommended for use with
ASTM STP447 Manual on Test Sieving Methods
materials that require water addition, and that slake in normal
industrial use.
3. Significance and Use
1.1.2 Dry Sieve Analysis—The dry method is not as effec-
3.1 Particlesizedistributionhasamajoraffectuponmostof
tive as the wet method in determining the amount of material
the refractory properties. These test methods provide a means
present in the smaller particle sizes. It is recommended (1) for
of measuring the distribution for the purpose of comparison to
clays,whentheslakingactionofwaterisundesirable,(2)when
the desired distribution.
thematerialisintheformofcoarselygroundgrogandcalcine,
3.2 These test methods also cover determination of the
and (3) when the clay is to be used in such a way that the
water content of refractory materials in the wet condition and
ultimate particle size is of secondary importance.
of air-dried samples received, so that the sieve analysis can be
1.2 These test methods also cover determination of the
calculated on the dry basis.
water content of refractory materials in the wet condition and
3.3 These methods can produce data for specification ac-
of air-dried samples as received, so that the sieve analysis can
ceptance,designpurposes,manufacturingcontrol,andresearch
be calculated on the dry basis. Included is a method for
and development.
obtaining the water content of other refractory materials, such
3.4 Areferencesetofstandardmatchedorcalibratedsieves
as plastic refractories and wet mixes.
shall be provided for use in checking the set of sieves used in
1.3 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
theactualsieveanalysisofsamples.Thesievesforuseinsieve
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
analysis may also be standard matched sieves or may be
information only.
unmatched sieves conforming to the Specification Table in
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Specification E11, provided that such sieves will give results
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
that differ by no more than 5% from those obtained with the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
reference set when the two sets are compared in accordance
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
with the section ofTest Method C429 on testing of sieves and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
samples splitters.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Apparatus
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 ASTM sieves, or the equivalent Tyler Series listed in
C429 TestMethodforSieveAnalysisofRawMaterialsfor
Table 1, shall be used. The wire cloth for the sieves, described
Glass Manufacture
in Specification E11, shall be woven (not twilled) and
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-8 on
Refractories and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical
Properties. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1995. Published December 1995. Originally AvailablefromASTM,100BarrHarborDrive,WestConshohocken,PA19428.
published as C92–43T. Last previous edition C92–88. MatchedsievessuchasthosesuppliedbyW.S.Tyler,Inc.,Mentor,OH44060,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02. have been found satisfactory.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 92–95 (1999)
TABLE 1 ASTM Sieves and the Equivalent Tyler Standard Series
received. Take two test specimens immediately after opening
theoriginalcontainerand,inthecaseofmortars,aftercarefully
ASTM Sieves (U.S. Tyler Standard Series
Sieve Opening mixing the contents. Use one specimen for determining the
Standard Series) No. (Mesh Designation)
water content in accordance with either 5.2.1 or 5.2.2. Obtain
0.265 in. 3 6.7 mm
approximately 250 g of the other specimen (Note 1) for sieve
4 4 4.75 mm
6 6 3.35 mm
analysis. Weigh the test specimen to the nearest 0.1 g and
8 8 2.36 mm 3
transfer to the 1-dm container (see Section 8). Wash the
12 10 1.70 mm
utensils used during weighing (to which a small part of the
16 14 1.18 mm
20 20 850 µm
sample may adhere) with a small jet of water from a ⁄4-in.
30 28 600 µm
(6-mm) hose to ensure a quantitative transfer of the weighed
40 35 425 µm
specimen to the container.
50 48 300 µm
70 65 212 µm
100 100 150 µm
8. Procedure
140 150 106 µm
8.1 Place the test specimen into a container of about 1-dm
200 200 75 µm
capacity.Addsufficientwatertoformaslurry.Allowslakingto
proceed for 1 h, after which a further addition of water may be
mounted without distortion or looseness in 8-in. (200-mm)
necessary.Then transfer the test specimen (without loss) to the
diametercircularframes.Pansandcoversshallbeprovidedfor
finest sieve to be used in the analysis.Wash with a small jet of
the sieves. 1
waterfroma ⁄4-in.(6-mm)rubberhoseuntilthewaterpassing
through the sieve contains only traces of the specimen.
5. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
Exercise care during washing to prevent loss by splashing. It
5.1 Arepresentativesampleofthematerialtobetestedshall
maybenecessarytobreakuplumpsbygentlyrubbingbetween
weigh at least four to five times the required weight of the
the fingers, but never by rubbing or pressing against the sieve.
actual test specimen. Material on which the water content is to
Then dry the washed residue in the sieve to constant weight at
be determined shall be packed in a watertight container.
220 to 230°F (105 to 110°C). This usually requires about 2 h.
5.2 Water Content:
If desired, a preliminary drying period at a lower temperature
5.2.1 Wet-Type Air-Setting Refractory Mortars—Remove
may be used. Then transfer the dried residue to the top or
approximately 50 g of the material immediately after opening
coarsest sieve of the series to be used. Complete the sieving
the original container and after carefully mixing the contents.
and weighing operations in accordance with Section 10 or 11.
Tofacilitatehandlingthespecimen,placeitonataredpieceof
waxed paper or aluminum weighing dish. Weigh the test
9. Calculation and Report
specimen to the nearest 0.1 g both before and after drying for
9.1 Calculatethewetsieveanalysisforthetestspecimenon
24 h at 220 to 230°F (105 to 110°C). Calculate the percentage
thedryweight,andreporttheresultstothenearest0.1%ofthe
of water to the nearest 0.1% on the as-received basis.
materialretainedoneachsieve(Note2).Reportthepercentage
5.2.2 MaterialsOtherThanWet-TypeAir-SettingRefractory
passing the finest sieve as the difference between 100% and
Mortars (ground fire clays, fireclay mortars, dry-type air-
the sum of the percentages retained on the other sieves.
setting mortars, plastic refractories, and similar materials)—If
NOTE 2—Asanalternative,theresultsofsieveanalysismaybereported
the material is shipped in the wet condition, prevent loss of
on the cumulative basis, either as the total percentage retained on or
waterbeforeobtainingatestspecimenofapproximately250g.
passing each sieve.
Weigh the test specimen to the nearest 0.1 g both before and
after drying for3hat220to 230°F (105 to
...
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