ASTM C92-95(2005)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Sieve Analysis and Water Content of Refractory Materials
Standard Test Methods for Sieve Analysis and Water Content of Refractory Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Particle size distribution has a major affect upon most of the refractory properties. These test methods provide a means of measuring the distribution for the purpose of comparison to the desired distribution.
These test methods also cover determination of the water content of refractory materials in the wet condition and of air-dried samples received, so that the sieve analysis can be calculated on the dry basis.
These methods can produce data for specification acceptance, design purposes, manufacturing control, and research and development.
A reference set of standard matched or calibrated sieves4 shall be provided for use in checking the set of sieves used in the actual sieve analysis of samples. The sieves for use in sieve analysis may also be standard matched sieves or may be unmatched sieves conforming to the Specification Table in Specification E 11, provided that such sieves will give results that differ by no more than 5 % from those obtained with the reference set when the two sets are compared in accordance with the section of Test Method C 429 on testing of sieves and samples splitters.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover a wet and a dry method for sieve analysis of refractory materials.
1.1.1 Wet Sieve Analysis—Water promotes the slaking of clays and helps to separate fine particles, washing them from the larger grains. This method is recommended for use with materials that require water addition, and that slake in normal industrial use.
1.1.2 Dry Sieve Analysis*#8212;The dry method is not as effective as the wet method in determining the amount of material present in the smaller particle sizes. It is recommended (1) for clays, when the slaking action of water is undesirable, (2) when the material is in the form of coarsely ground grog and calcine, and (3) when the clay is to be used in such a way that the ultimate particle size is of secondary importance.
1.2 These test methods also cover determination of the water content of refractory materials in the wet condition and of air-dried samples as received, so that the sieve analysis can be calculated on the dry basis. Included is a method for obtaining the water content of other refractory materials, such as plastic refractories and wet mixes.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:C92–95 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Methods for
Sieve Analysis and Water Content of Refractory Materials
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC92;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope C429 Test Method for SieveAnalysis of Raw Materials for
Glass Manufacture
1.1 These test methods cover a wet and a dry method for
E11 SpecificationforWovenWireTestSieveClothandTest
sieve analysis of refractory materials.
Sieves
1.1.1 Wet Sieve Analysis—Water promotes the slaking of
E105 Practice for Probability Sampling Of Materials
clays and helps to separate fine particles, washing them from
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,
the larger grains. This method is recommended for use with
With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic
materials that require water addition, and that slake in normal
of a Lot or Process
industrial use.
2.2 Other Document:
1.1.2 Dry Sieve Analysis—The dry method is not as effec-
ASTM STP447 Manual on Test Sieving Methods
tive as the wet method in determining the amount of material
present in the smaller particle sizes. It is recommended (1) for
3. Significance and Use
clays,whentheslakingactionofwaterisundesirable,(2)when
3.1 Particlesizedistributionhasamajoraffectuponmostof
thematerialisintheformofcoarselygroundgrogandcalcine,
the refractory properties. These test methods provide a means
and (3) when the clay is to be used in such a way that the
of measuring the distribution for the purpose of comparison to
ultimate particle size is of secondary importance.
the desired distribution.
1.2 These test methods also cover determination of the
3.2 These test methods also cover determination of the
water content of refractory materials in the wet condition and
water content of refractory materials in the wet condition and
of air-dried samples as received, so that the sieve analysis can
of air-dried samples received, so that the sieve analysis can be
be calculated on the dry basis. Included is a method for
calculated on the dry basis.
obtaining the water content of other refractory materials, such
3.3 These methods can produce data for specification ac-
as plastic refractories and wet mixes.
ceptance,designpurposes,manufacturingcontrol,andresearch
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
and development.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.4 Areferencesetofstandardmatchedorcalibratedsieves
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
shall be provided for use in checking the set of sieves used in
and are not considered standard.
theactualsieveanalysisofsamples.Thesievesforuseinsieve
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
analysis may also be standard matched sieves or may be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
unmatched sieves conforming to the Specification Table in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Specification E11, provided that such sieves will give results
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
that differ by no more than 5% from those obtained with the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
reference set when the two sets are compared in accordance
2. Referenced Documents with the section of Test Method C429 on testing of sieves and
samples splitters.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
Refractories and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical
Properties.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2005. Published December 2005. Originally Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Consho-
approvedin1943.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin1999asC92–95(1999).DOI: hocken, PA 19428.
10.1520/C0092-95R05. The sole source of supply of matched sieves known to the committee at this
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or time is W. S. Tyler, Inc., Mentor, OH 44060. If you are aware of alternative
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
the ASTM website. technical committee, which you may attend.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C92–95 (2005)
100-g sample may be used. For plastic refractories or coarsely ground
4. Apparatus
mixes, the weight of the specimen could be increased to 500 g.
4.1 ASTM sieves, or the equivalent Tyler Series listed in
Table 1, shall be used. The wire cloth for the sieves, described
7. Wet Materials
inSpecificationE11,shallbewoven(nottwilled)andmounted
7.1 Materials prepared with water (plastic refractories, wet-
without distortion or looseness in 8-in. (200-mm) diameter
type high-temperature bonding mortars, etc.) shall be tested as
circular frames. Pans and covers shall be provided for the
received. Take two test specimens immediately after opening
sieves.
theoriginalcontainerand,inthecaseofmortars,aftercarefully
mixing the contents. Use one specimen for determining the
5. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
water content in accordance with either 5.2.1 or 5.2.2. Obtain
5.1 Arepresentativesampleofthematerialtobetestedshall
approximately 250 g of the other specimen (Note 1) for sieve
weigh at least four to five times the required weight of the
analysis. Weigh the test specimen to the nearest 0.1 g and
actual test specimen. Material on which the water content is to
transfer to the 1-dm container (see Section 8). Wash the
be determined shall be packed in a watertight container.
utensils used during weighing (to which a small part of the
5.2 Water Content:
sample may adhere) with a small jet of water from a ⁄4-in.
5.2.1 Wet-Type Air-Setting Refractory Mortars—Remove
(6-mm) hose to ensure a quantitative transfer of the weighed
approximately 50 g of the material immediately after opening
specimen to the container.
the original container and after carefully mixing the contents.
To facilitate handling the specimen, place it on a tared piece of
8. Procedure
waxed paper or aluminum weighing dish. Weigh the test
8.1 Place the test specimen into a container of about 1-dm
specimen to the nearest 0.1 g both before and after drying for
capacity.Addsufficientwatertoformaslurry.Allowslakingto
24 h at 220 to 230°F (105 to 110°C). Calculate the percentage
proceed for 1 h, after which a further addition of water may be
of water to the nearest 0.1% on the as-received basis.
necessary.Then transfer the test specimen (without loss) to the
5.2.2 MaterialsOtherThanWet-TypeAir-SettingRefractory
finest sieve to be used in the analysis.Wash with a small jet of
Mortars (ground fire clays, fireclay mortars, dry-type air-
water froma ⁄4-in. (6-mm) rubber hose until the water passing
setting mortars, plastic refractories, and similar materials)—If
through the sieve contains only traces of the specimen.
the material is shipped in the wet condition, prevent loss of
Exercise care during washing to prevent loss by splashing. It
waterbeforeobtainingatestspecimenofapproximately250g.
maybenecessarytobreakuplumpsbygentlyrubbingbetween
Weigh the test specimen to the nearest 0.1 g both before and
the fingers, but never by rubbing or pressing against the sieve.
after drying for3hat220to 230°F (105 to 110°C). Calculate
Then dry the washed residue in the sieve to constant weight at
the percentage of water to the nearest 0.1% on the as-received
220 to 230°F (105 to 110°C). This usually requires about 2 h.
basis.Thedriedspecimenmayberequiredforfurthertests(see
If desired, a preliminary drying period at a lower temperature
Sections 6 and 7).
may be used. Then transfer the dried residue to the top or
coarsest sieve of the series to be used. Complete the sieving
WET SIEVE ANALYSIS
and weighing operations in accordance with Section 10 or 11.
6. Dry Materials
9. Calculation and Report
6.1
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