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ASTM D3278-96(2011)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus (Withdrawn 2020)

Standard Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus (Withdrawn 2020)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Flash point is one of the properties used to define the flammability of a liquid. It is used to classify liquids according to their flammability by governmental regulatory agencies. It may also be used to determine the presence of impurities or contaminants in a given liquid, such as the presence of residual solvents in solvent-refined drying oils. See Test Methods D56 and D93 for alternate flash point testing.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining whether a material does or does not flash at a specified temperature or for determining the lowest finite temperature at which a material does flash when using a small scale closed-cup apparatus. The test methods are applicable to paints, enamels, lacquers, varnishes, and related products having a flash point between 0 and 110°C (32 and 230°F) and viscosity lower than 150 St at 25°C (77°F).
Note 1—Tests at higher or lower temperatures are possible.  
Note 2—More viscous materials may be tested in accordance with Annex A4.
Note 3—Organic peroxides may be tested in accordance with Annex A5, which describes the applicable safety precautions.
Note 4—The U.S. Department of Labor (OSHA, Hazard Communications), the U.S. Department of Transportation (RSPA), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have specified Test Methods D3278 as one of several acceptable methods for the determination of flash point of liquids in their regulations.
Note 5—These test methods are similar to International Standards ISO 3679 and ISO 3680.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard should be used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire-hazard or fire-risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of the test may be used as elements of a fire-hazard or a fire-risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard or fire risk of a particular end use.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 8.1 and 11.2.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
These test methods cover procedures for determining whether a material does or does not flash at a specified temperature or for determining the lowest finite temperature at which a material does flash when using a small scale closed-cup apparatus. The test methods are applicable to paints, enamels, lacquers, varnishes, and related products having a flash point between 0 and 110°C (32 and 230°F) and viscosity lower than 150 St at 25°C (77°F).
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications, these test methods were withdrawn in January 2020 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2011
Withdrawal Date
07-Jan-2020
ICS
13.220.40 - Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products
87.040 - Paints and varnishes
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.21 - Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D3278-96(2011) - Standard Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus (Withdrawn 2020)ASTM D3278-96(2011) - Standard Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus (Withdrawn 2020)
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ASTM D3278-96(2011) - Standard Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus (Withdrawn 2020)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3278 − 96 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Methods for
Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup
1
Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3278; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
whether a material does or does not flash at a specified
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
temperature or for determining the lowest finite temperature at
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
which a material does flash when using a small scale closed-
statements, see 8.1 and 11.2.
2
cup apparatus. The test methods are applicable to paints,
enamels, lacquers, varnishes, and related products having a
2. Referenced Documents
flash point between 0 and 110°C (32 and 230°F) and viscosity
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
lower than 150 St at 25°C (77°F).
D56Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
NOTE 1—Tests at higher or lower temperatures are possible.
D93Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
NOTE 2—More viscous materials may be tested in accordance with
Closed Cup Tester
Annex A4.
D850Test Method for Distillation of Industrial Aromatic
NOTE 3—Organic peroxides may be tested in accordance with Annex
Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
A5, which describes the applicable safety precautions.
D1015Test Method for Freezing Points of High-Purity
NOTE 4—The U.S. Department of Labor (OSHA, Hazard
Communications),theU.S.DepartmentofTransportation(RSPA),andthe
Hydrocarbons
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have specified Test Meth-
D1078Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Or-
ods D3278 as one of several acceptable methods for the determination of
ganic Liquids
flash point of liquids in their regulations.
4
2.2 ISO Standards:
NOTE 5—These test methods are similar to International Standards ISO
3679 and ISO 3680. ISO 3679 Paints, varnishes, petroleum and related
products—Determination of flash point—Rapid equilib-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
rium method
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
ISO 3680 Paints, varnishes, petroleum and related
only.
products—Flash/no flash test—Rapid equilibrium method
1.3 This standard should be used to measure and describe
the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
3. Terminology
flame under controlled conditions and should not be used to
3.1 Definitions:
describe or appraise the fire-hazard or fire-risk of materials,
3.1.1 flash point, n—the lowest temperature, corrected to a
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However,
pressure of 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa, 1013 mbar), at which
results of the test may be used as elements of a fire-hazard or
application of an ignition source causes the vapor of the
a fire-risk assessment which takes into account all of the
specimen to ignite under specified conditions of test.
factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard
or fire risk of a particular end use.
4. Summary of Test Methods
4.1 Bymeansofasyringe,2mLofthesampleisintroduced
through a leakproof entry port into the tightly closed small
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
3
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Materials. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
ε1
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D3278–96(2004) . the ASTM website.
4
DOI: 10.1520/D3278-96R011. Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
2
Small scale closed-cup apparatus has been found suitable for this purpose. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3278 − 96 (2011)
2
scale closed-cup apparatus or directly into the cup that has 7.4 Liquified Petroleum Ga
...

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5.1 Flash point measures the response of the test specimen to heat and ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.  
5.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations by governmental regulatory agencies to define flammable and combustible materials and to classify them. Consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classes.  
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1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining whether a material does or does not flash at a specified temperature (flash/no flash Method A) or for determining the lowest finite temperature at which a material does flash (Method B), when using a small scale closed-cup apparatus. The test methods are applicable to paints, enamels, lacquers, varnishes, solvents, and related products having a flash point between 0 °C and 110 °C (32 °F and 230 °F) and viscosity lower than 15 000 mm2/s (cSt) at 25 °C (77 °F).
Note 1: Tests at higher or lower temperatures are possible however the precision has not been determined.
Note 2: More viscous materials can be tested in accordance with Annex A4.
Note 3: Organic peroxides can be tested in accordance with Annex A5, which describes the applicable safety precautions.
Note 4: The U.S. Department of Labor (OSHA, Hazard Communications), the U.S. Department of Transportation (RSPA), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have specified Test Methods D3278 as one of several acceptable methods for the determination of flash point of liquids in their regulations.  
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1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
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  • Technical specification
    2 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM D6390-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Draindown Characteristics in Uncompacted Asphalt Mixtures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used to determine whether the amount of draindown measured for a given asphalt mixture is within specified acceptable levels. The test provides an evaluation of the draindown potential of an asphalt mixture during mixture design and/or during field production. This test is primarily used for mixtures with high coarse aggregate content such as porous asphalt (open-graded friction course) and stone matrix asphalt (SMA).
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of draindown in an uncompacted asphalt mixture sample when the sample is held at elevated temperatures comparable to those encountered during the production, storage, transport, and placement of the mixture. The test is particularly applicable to mixtures such as porous asphalt (open-graded friction course) and stone matrix asphalt (SMA).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
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    English language
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