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ASTM D116-86(2011)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Vitrified Ceramic Materials for Electrical Applications

Standard Test Methods for Vitrified Ceramic Materials for Electrical Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
For any given ceramic composition, one or more of the properties covered herein may be of more importance for a given insulating application than the other properties. Thus, it may be appropriate that selected properties be specified for testing these ceramic materials.
Pertinent statements of the significance of individual properties may be found in the sections pertaining to such properties.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods outline procedures for testing samples of vitrified ceramic materials that are to be used as electrical insulation. Where specified limits are mentioned herein, they shall not be interpreted as specification limits for completed insulators.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2011
ICS
81.040.30 - Glass products
81.060.01 - Ceramics in general
Technical Committee
C21 - Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
Drafting Committee
C21.03 - Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D116-86(2006) - Standard Test Methods for Vitrified Ceramic Materials for Electrical Applications
Effective Date
01-Mar-2011
Referred By
ASTM D1039-16(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Glass-Bonded Mica Used as Electrical Insulation
Effective Date
01-Mar-2011
Referred By
ASTM D2442-75(2020) - Standard Specification for Alumina Ceramics for Electrical and Electronic Applications
Effective Date
01-Mar-2011

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ASTM D116-86(2011) - Standard Test Methods for Vitrified Ceramic Materials for Electrical ApplicationsASTM D116-86(2011) - Standard Test Methods for Vitrified Ceramic Materials for Electrical Applications
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ASTM D116-86(2011) - Standard Test Methods for Vitrified Ceramic Materials for Electrical Applications
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D116 −86(Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Vitrified Ceramic Materials for Electrical Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D116; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Burned
Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
1.1 These test methods outline procedures for testing
C177Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
samples of vitrified ceramic materials that are to be used as
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
electrical insulation. Where specified limits are mentioned
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
herein, they shall not be interpreted as specification limits for
C329Test Method for Specific Gravity of Fired Ceramic
completed insulators.
Whiteware Materials
1.2 These test methods are intended to apply to unglazed
C373Test Method for Water Absorption, Bulk Density,
specimens, but they may be equally suited for testing glazed
ApparentPorosity,andApparentSpecificGravityofFired
specimens. The report section shall indicate whether glazed or
Whiteware Products, Ceramic Tiles, and Glass Tiles
unglazed specimens were tested.
C408Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Whiteware
Ceramics
1.3 The test methods appear as follows:
C539Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Porce-
Procedure Section
lain Enamel and Glaze Frits and Ceramic Whiteware
Compressive strength 6 C773
Materials by Interferometric Method
Dielectric strength 13 D618, D149
C623Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus,
Elastic properties 8 C623
Electrical resistivity 15 D618, D257, D1829
and Poisson’s Ratio for Glass and Glass-Ceramics by
Flexural strength 7 C674, F417
Resonance
Hardness 9 C730, E18
C674Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Ceramic
Porosity 5 C373
Relative permittivity and dissipation factor 14 D150, D2149, D2520
Whiteware Materials
Specific gravity 4 C20, C329, F77
C730Test Method for Knoop Indentation Hardness of Glass
Thermal conductivity 10 C177, C408
C773Test Method for Compressive (Crushing) Strength of
Thermal expansion 12 C539, E288
Thermal shock resistance 11
Fired Whiteware Materials
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the D149Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
DielectricStrengthofSolidElectricalInsulatingMaterials
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- at Commercial Power Frequencies
D150Test Methods forAC Loss Characteristics and Permit-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specificprecaution tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
D257Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of
statements are given in 11.3, 13.5, and 15.3.
Insulating Materials
2. Referenced Documents
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
2
D638Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1829Test Method for Electrical Resistance of Ceramic
C20Test Methods forApparent Porosity, WaterAbsorption,
3
Materials at Elevated Temperatures (Withdrawn 2001)
D2149Test Method for Permittivity (Dielectric Constant)
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on
And Dissipation Factor Of Solid Dielectrics At Frequen-
Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of
cies To 10 MHz And Temperatures To 500°C
Subcommittee C21.03 on Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns.
D2520Test Methods for Complex Permittivity (Dielectric
Current edition approved March 1, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally
Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Mi-
approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D116 – 86 (2006).
DOI: 10.1520/D0116-86R11.
crowave Frequencies and Temperatures to 1650°C
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D116−86 (2011)
E18Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma- 5.4.1 Apparatus—The apparatus shall consist of a suitable
teri
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 For any given ceramic composition, one or more of the properties covered herein may be of more importance for a given insulating application than the other properties. Thus, it may be appropriate that selected properties be specified for testing these ceramic materials.  
3.2 Pertinent statements of the significance of individual properties may be found in the sections pertaining to such properties.
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1.1 These test methods outline procedures for testing samples of vitrified ceramic materials that are to be used as electrical insulation. Where specified limits are mentioned herein, they shall not be interpreted as specification limits for completed insulators.  
1.2 These test methods are intended to apply to unglazed specimens, but they may be equally suited for testing glazed specimens. The report section shall indicate whether glazed or unglazed specimens were tested.  
1.3 The test methods appear as follows:    
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Compressive Strength  
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Dielectric Strength  
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Elastic Properties  
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Relative Permittivity and Dissipation
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Standard Test Method for Young's Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson's Ratio for Glass and Glass-Ceramics by Resonance

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4.1 This test system has advantages in certain respects over the use of static loading systems in the measurement of glass and glass-ceramics:  
4.1.1 Only minute stresses are applied to the specimen, thus minimizing the possibility of fracture.  
4.1.2 The period of time during which stress is applied and removed is of the order of hundreds of microseconds, making it feasible to perform measurements at temperatures where delayed elastic and creep effects proceed on a much-shortened time scale, as in the transformation range of glass, for instance.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the elastic properties of glass and glass-ceramic materials. Specimens of these materials possess specific mechanical resonance frequencies which are defined by the elastic moduli, density, and geometry of the test specimen. Therefore the elastic properties of a material can be computed if the geometry, density, and mechanical resonance frequencies of a suitable test specimen of that material can be measured. Young's modulus is determined using the resonance frequency in the flexural mode of vibration. The shear modulus, or modulus of rigidity, is found using torsional resonance vibrations. Young's modulus and shear modulus are used to compute Poisson's ratio, the factor of lateral contraction.  
1.2 All glass and glass-ceramic materials that are elastic, homogeneous, and isotropic may be tested by this test method.2 The test method is not satisfactory for specimens that have cracks or voids that represent inhomogeneities in the material; neither is it satisfactory when these materials cannot be prepared in a suitable geometry. Non-glass and glass-ceramic materials should reference Test Method E1875 for non-material specific methodology to determine resonance frequencies and elastic properties by sonic resonance.
Note 1: Elastic here means that an application of stress within the elastic limit of that material making up the body being stressed will cause an instantaneous and uniform deformation, which will cease upon removal of the stress, with the body returning instantly to its original size and shape without an energy loss. Glass and glass-ceramic materials conform to this definition well enough that this test is meaningful.
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ASTM D116-86(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Vitrified Ceramic Materials for Electrical Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 For any given ceramic composition, one or more of the properties covered herein may be of more importance for a given insulating application than the other properties. Thus, it may be appropriate that selected properties be specified for testing these ceramic materials.  
3.2 Pertinent statements of the significance of individual properties may be found in the sections pertaining to such properties.
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7.4  
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7.5  
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