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ASTM C1645-22a

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Freeze-thaw and De-icing Salt Durability of Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units

Standard Test Method for Freeze-thaw and De-icing Salt Durability of Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is intended to determine the effects of freezing and thawing on units conforming to the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/C936M while immersed in a test solution. Other types of segmental concrete paving units that do not conform to the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/C936M may be tested using this test method.  
3.2 The results from this test method are not intended to provide a quantitative measure of the length of service from concrete paving units conforming to the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/C936M.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method evaluates the resistance to freezing and thawing of solid interlocking concrete paving units conforming to the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/C936M. Units are tested in a test solution that is either tap water or 3 % saline solution, depending on the intended use of the units in actual service.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Nov-2022
ICS
91.080.40 - Concrete structures
Technical Committee
C15 - Manufactured Masonry Units
Drafting Committee
C15.03 - Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units
Current Stage
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ASTM C1645-22a - Standard Test Method for Freeze-thaw and De-icing Salt Durability of Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving UnitsASTM C1645-22a - Standard Test Method for Freeze-thaw and De-icing Salt Durability of Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1645 − 22a
Standard Test Method for
Freeze-thaw and De-icing Salt Durability of Solid Concrete
1
Interlocking Paving Units
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1645; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* that do not conform to the dimensional requirements of
Specification C936/C936M may be tested using this test
1.1 Thistestmethodevaluatestheresistancetofreezingand
method.
thawingofsolidinterlockingconcretepavingunitsconforming
to the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/
3.2 The results from this test method are not intended to
C936M. Units are tested in a test solution that is either tap
provide a quantitative measure of the length of service from
water or 3% saline solution, depending on the intended use of
concrete paving units conforming to the dimensional require-
the units in actual service.
ments of Specification C936/C936M.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4. Apparatus
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
4.1 Freezing-and-Thawing Apparatus—The freezing appa-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the ratus shall consist of suitable cabinet or cold room with
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
controls to reach and maintain within1hof introduction of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- specimens an air temperature of −5 6 3°C (23 6 5°F) at all
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
locations within the chamber regardless of the number of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. specimensinthechamber.Thethawingchambershallmaintain
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
a controlled air temperature. This temperature shall never be
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- greater than +30°C (86°F).
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.2 Balance—Abalance capable of weighing 500 g with an
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
accuracyof 60.1gshallbeusedformeasuringthemassofthe
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
fine spalled material.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.3 Drying Oven—A ventilated oven of appropriate size
2. Referenced Documents
capable of maintaining a uniform temperature of 110 65°C
2
(230 69°F).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C936/C936MSpecification for Solid Concrete Interlocking
4.4 Specimen Container—The specimen container shall be
Paving Units
made of non-corroding flexible material and have dimensions
that allow complete submersion of the specimen in the test
3. Significance and Use
solution.Thesizeofthecontainershallbelessthanorequalto
3.1 This test method is intended to determine the effects of
three times the volume of the unit that is being tested. The
freezing and thawing on units conforming to the dimensional
container shall prevent evaporation of the test solution.
requirementsofSpecificationC936/C936Mwhileimmersedin
a test solution. Other types of segmental concrete paving units
5. Sampling
5.1 Selection of Test Specimens—Select whole units repre-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
sentative of the lot from which they are selected. The units
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
shall be free from visible cracks, chipped edges, and structural
C15.03 on Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units.
defects.
CurrenteditionapprovedonDec.1,2022.PublishedDecember2022.Originally
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as C1645–22. DOI:
5.2 Number of Test Specimens—Sample according to the
10.1520/C1645-22A.
2
requirements of Specification C936/C936M.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.3 Identification—Mark each test specimen so that it is
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. identifiable at any time.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1645 − 22a
6. Preparation of Test Specimens 5 6 1 mm above the top su
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1645 − 22 C1645 − 22a
Standard Test Method for
Freeze-thaw and De-icing Salt Durability of Solid Concrete
1
Interlocking Paving Units
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1645; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method evaluates the resistance to freezing and thawing of solid interlocking concrete paving units conforming to
the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/C936M. Units are tested in a test solution that is either tap water or 3 % saline
solution, depending on the intended use of the units in actual service.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C936/C936M Specification for Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method is intended to determine the effects of freezing and thawing on units conforming to the dimensional
requirements of Specification C936/C936M while immersed in a test solution. Other types of segmental concrete paving units that
do not conform to the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/C936M may be tested using this test method.
3.2 The results from this test method are not intended to provide a quantitative measure of the length of service from concrete
paving units conforming to the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/C936M.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Freezing-and-Thawing Apparatus—The freezing apparatus shall consist of suitable cabinet or cold room with controls to reach
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.03 on Concrete
Masonry Units and Related Units.
Current edition approved on July 1, 2022Dec. 1, 2022. Published July 2022December 2022. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20212022
as C1645 – 21.C1645 – 22. DOI: 10.1520/C1645-22.10.1520/C1645-22A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1645 − 22a
and maintain within 1 h of introduction of specimens an air temperature of −5 6 3°C (23 6 5°F) at all locations within the chamber
regardless of the number of specimens in the chamber. The thawing chamber shall maintain a controlled air temperature. This
temperature shall never be greater than +30°C (86°F).
4.2 Balance—A balance capable of weighing 500 g with an accuracy of 60.1 g shall be used for measuring the mass of the fine
spalled material.
4.3 Drying Oven—A ventilated oven of appropriate size capable of maintaining a uniform temperature of 110 6 5°C (230 6 9°F).
4.4 Specimen Container—The specimen container shall be made of non-corroding flexible material and have dimensions that
allow complete submersion of the specimen in the test solution. The size of the container shall be less than or equal to three times
the volume of the unit that is being tested. The container shall prevent evaporation of the test solution.
5. Sampling
5.1 Selection of Test Specimens—Select whole units representative of the lot from which they are selected. The units shall be free
from visible cracks, chipped edges, and structura
...

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4.1.5.1 Self-Expanding, and
4.1.5.2 Nonexpanding,  
4.1.6 Fire barriers:
4.1.6.1 Used as joint systems, and
4.1.6.2 Used as a part of the joint system, and  
4.1.7 Elastomeric membrane systems:
4.1.7.1 With nosing material(s), and
4.1.7.2 Without nosing material(s).  
4.2 This test method will assist users, producers, building officials, code authorities, and others in verifying some performance characteristics of representative specimens of architectural joint systems under common test conditions. The following performance characteristics are verifiable:  
4.2.1 The maximum joint width,  
4.2.2 The minimum joint width, and  
4.2.3 The movement capability.  
4.3 This test compares similar architectural joint systems by cycling but does not accurately reflect the system's application. Similar refers to the same type of architectural system within the same subsection under 4.1.  
4.4 This test method does not provide information on:  
4.4.1 Durability of the architectural joint system under actual service conditions, including the effects of cycled temperature on the joint system,  
4.4.2 Loading capability of the system and the effects of a load on the functional parameters established by this test method,  
4.4.3 Rotational, vertical, and horizontal shear capabilities of the specimen,  
4.4.4 Any other attributes of the specimen, such as fire resistance, wear resistance, chemical resistance, air infiltration, watertightness, and so forth, and  
4.4.5 Testing or compatibility of substrates.  
4.5 This test method is only to be used as one element in the selection of an architectural j...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers testing procedures for architectural joint systems. This test method is intended for the following uses for architectural joint systems:  
1.1.1 To verify movement capability information supplied to the user by the producer,  
1.1.2 To standardize comparison of movement capability by relating it to specified nominal joint widths,  
1.1.3 To determine the cyclic movement capability between specified minimum and maximum joint widths without visual deleterious effects, and  
1.1.4 To provide the user with graphic information, drawings or pictures in the test report, depicting them at minimum, maximum, and nominal joint widths during cycling.  
1.2 This test method is intended to be used only as part of a specification or acceptance criterion due to the limited movements tested.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8425-22(Guide)
Standard Guide for the Use of Sodium Bentonite Needle-Punched Geotextile Waterproofing Systems with Cast-in-Place Concrete Below-Grade Foundation Construction

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide outlines general installation procedures and precautions for the application of sodium bentonite needle-punched geotextile waterproofing systems.  
5.2 This guide is not all inclusive and is intended only to supplement detailed drawings and specifications from designers and the installation guidelines of manufacturers. Manufacturers of some of the systems addressed by this guide require proprietary products and special procedures not described in this guide. Manufacturers’ guidelines and details applicable for each site construction condition encountered on a project should therefore be considered in the application of this guide.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers general installation guidelines of waterproofing membranes produced as a composite of sodium bentonite contained within two interlocked needle-punched geotextiles for designers to consider when developing project-specific drawings and specifications. This guide covers construction applications where the waterproofing is applied to the positive side of below-grade cast-in-place concrete foundation walls, both backfilled and support of excavation (SOE) construction, and under concrete pressure slabs. This guide does not cover plaza deck construction applications, either split-slab construction or pavers on pedestals, or vegetated green roof waterproofing applications.  
1.2 This guide does not cover sodium bentonite waterproofing membranes produced with a corrugation paper carrier, bentonite bonded to a geomembrane, and spray-applied bentonite systems.  
1.3 For the purpose of this guide, concrete is assumed to be cast-in-place with a surface profile as recommended in Guide D5295/D5295M, consolidated in accordance with applicable guidelines in ACI 309, structurally sound, able to accept the weight of anticipated loads, and meets the local building code requirements. All components of the waterproofing system are assumed to comply with any federal, state, and local environmental regulations that may be in effect at the time of installation. Expansion joints, insulation, and drainage layers are beyond the scope of this guide.  
1.4 This guide does not cover sodium bentonite geotextile membranes installed on below-grade foundation walls and slabs constructed with masonry materials, precast concrete, or pneumatically applied concrete (that is, shotcrete).  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The unit values given in parentheses are for reference information only.  
1.6 Different sodium bentonite geotextile membranes have different materials of composition and construction which can affect physical properties. The procedures contained in this guide, therefore, may not be universally applicable to all sodium bentonite geotextile membranes under all field conditions.  
1.7 This guide does not purport to assign responsibilities of quality assurance or quality control. Specific quality assurance and quality control items should be addressed in project specifications and contract documents.  
1.8 This guide does not purport to include requirements for warranties associated with the waterproofing materials or installation.  
1.9 This guide does not purport to include all detailing techniques to address various conditions that can be encountered on construction projects.  
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    7 pages
    English language
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