ASTM D877-02

Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes

SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes two procedures, A and B, for determining the electrical breakdown voltage of insulating liquid specimens. The breakdown test uses ac voltage in the power-frequency range from 45 to 65 Hz.
1.2 This test method is used to judge if the disk electrode breakdown voltage requirements are met for insulating liquids, as delivered from the manufacturer, that have never been filtered or dried. See Specification D 3487, Specification D 4652, and Guide D 5222 for the minimum specified electrical breakdown. This test method should be used as recommended by professional organization standards such as IEEE C57.106.
1.3 Limitations of the Procedures:
1.3.1 The sensitivity of this test method to the general population of contaminants present in a liquid sample decreases as applied test voltages used in this test method become greater than approximately 25 kV rms.
1.3.2 If the concentration of water in the sample at room temperature is less than 60 % of saturation, the sensitivity of this test method to the presence of water is decreased. For further information refer to RR: 327-1006.
1.3.3 The suitability for this test method has not been determined for a liquid's viscosity higher than 900 cSt at 40C.
1.4 Procedure Applications
1.4.1 Procedure A:
1.4.1.1 Procedure A is used to determine the breakdown voltage of liquids in which any insoluble breakdown products easily settle during the interval between the required repeated breakdown tests. These liquids include petroleum oils, hydrocarbons, and askarels (PCB) used as insulating and cooling liquids in transformers, cables, and similar apparatus.
1.4.1.2 Procedure A may be used to obtain the dielectric breakdown of silicone fluid as specified in Test Methods D 2225, provided the discharge energy into the sample is less than 20 mJ (milli joule) per breakdown for five consecutive breakdowns.
1.4.2 Procedure B:
1.4.2.1 This procedure is used to determine the breakdown voltage of liquids in which any insoluble breakdown products do not completely settle from the space between the disks during the 1-min interval required in Procedure A. Procedure B, modified in accordance with Section 17 of Test Methods D 2225, is acceptable for testing silicone dielectric liquids if the requirements of 1.4.1.2 can not be achieved.
1.4.2.2 Procedure B should also be applied for the determination of the breakdown voltage of liquid samples containing insoluble materials that settle from the specimen during testing. These may include samples taken from circuit breakers, load tap changers, and other liquids heavily contaminated with insoluble particulate material. These examples represent samples that may have large differences between replicate tests. The use of Procedure B will result in a more accurate value of breakdown voltage when testing such liquids.
1.4.2.3 Use Procedure B to establish the breakdown voltage of an insulating liquid where an ASTM specification does not exist or when developing a value for an ASTM guide or standard. Procedure A may be used once the single operator precision of has been demonstrated.
1.5 Both the SI and inch-pound units are equally acceptable.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Oct-2002
• ICS: 29.040.10 - Insulating oils
• Technical Committee: D27 - Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases
• Drafting Committee: D27.05 - Electrical Test

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D877-00 - Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM D877-02e1 - Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D4652-20 - Standard Specification for Silicone Liquid Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D2225-20 - Standard Test Methods for Silicone Liquids Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D5282-05(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Compatibility of Construction Material with Silicone Fluid Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D6871-17 - Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D3755-20 - Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials Under Direct-Voltage Stress
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D1676-17 - Standard Test Methods for Film-Insulated Magnet Wire
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D149-20 - Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power Frequencies
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D3455-11(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Compatibility of Construction Material with Electrical Insulating Oil of Petroleum Origin
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D117-22 - Standard Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifications for Electrical Insulating Liquids
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D3394-16(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Electrical Insulating Board
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D 877–02
Standard Test Method for
Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using
1
Disk Electrodes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 877; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D 2225D 2225, provided the discharge energy into the sample
is less than 20 mJ (milli joule) per breakdown for five
1.1 This test method describes two procedures,Aand B, for
consecutive breakdowns.
determining the electrical breakdown voltage of insulating
1.4.2 Procedure B:
liquid specimens. The breakdown test uses ac voltage in the
1.4.2.1 This procedure is used to determine the breakdown
power-frequency range from 45 to 65 Hz.
voltage of liquids in which any insoluble breakdown products
1.2 This test method is used to judge if the disk electrode
do not completely settle from the space between the disks
breakdown voltage requirements are met for insulating liquids,
during the 1–min interval required in Procedure A. Procedure
as delivered from the manufacturer, that have never been
B, modified in accordance with Section 17 of Test Methods
filtered or dried. See Specification D 3487,D 3487 Specifica-
D 2225D 2225, is acceptable for testing silicone dielectric
tion D 4652,D 4652 and Guide D 5222D 5222 for the mini-
liquids if the requirements of 1.4.1.2 can not be achieved.
mum specified electrical breakdown. This test method should
1.4.2.2 Procedure B should also be applied for the determi-
be used as recommended by professional organization stan-
nation of the breakdown voltage of liquid samples containing
dards such as IEEE C57.106.
insolublematerialsthatsettlefromthespecimenduringtesting.
1.3 Limitations of the Procedures:
These may include samples taken from circuit breakers, load
1.3.1 The sensitivity of this test method to the general
tap changers, and other liquids heavily contaminated with
population of contaminants present in a liquid sample de-
insoluble particulate material. These examples represent
creasesasappliedtestvoltagesusedinthistestmethodbecome
samples that may have large differences between replicate
greater than approximately 25 kV rms.
tests. The use of Procedure B will result in a more accurate
1.3.2 If the concentration of water in the sample at room
value of breakdown voltage when testing such liquids.
temperature is less than 60 % of saturation, the sensitivity of
1.4.2.3 Use Procedure B to establish the breakdown voltage
this test method to the presence of water is decreased. For
2
of an insulating liquid where an ASTM specification does not
further information refer to RR: 327-1006.
exist or when developing a value for an ASTM guide or
1.3.3 The suitability for this test method has not been
standard. Procedure A may be used once the single operator
determined for a liquid’s viscosity higher than 900 cSt at 40°C.
precision of 13.1 has been demonstrated.
1.4 Procedure Applications
1.5 BoththeSIandinch-poundunitsareequallyacceptable.
1.4.1 Procedure A:
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.4.1.1 Procedure A is used to determine the breakdown
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
voltage of liquids in which any insoluble breakdown products
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
easily settle during the interval between the required repeated
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
breakdown tests. These liquids include petroleum oils, hydro-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
carbons, and askarels (PCB) used as insulating and cooling
liquids in transformers, cables, and similar apparatus.
2. Referenced Documents
1.4.1.2 Procedure A may be used to obtain the dielectric
2.1 ASTM Standards:
breakdown of silicone fluid as specified in Test Methods
D 923 Test Method for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liq-
3
uids
D 1816 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on
Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Using VDE Elec-
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
3
trodes
mittee D27.05 on Electrical Test.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2002. Published December 2002. Originally
approved in 1946. Last previous edition D 877–87 (1995).
2
RR: D27–1006, Round-Robin Data Using Modified VDE Electrode Cell for
3
Dielectric Strength Tests on Oil, is available from ASTM Headquarters. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.03.
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