ASTM E1193-97(2012)
(Guide)Daphnia magna
<i xmlns:a="http://library.astm.org" xmlns="">Daphnia magna</i>
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Protection of an aquatic species requires prevention of unacceptable effects on populations in natural habitats. Toxicity tests are conducted to provide data that may be used to predict what changes in numbers and weights of individuals might result from similar exposure to the test material in the natural aquatic environment. Information might also be obtained on the effects of the material on the health of the species.
5.2 Results of life-cycle tests with D. magna are used to predict chronic effects likely to occur on daphnids in field situations as a result of exposure under comparable conditions.
5.2.1 Life-cycle tests with D. magna are used to compare the chronic sensitivities of different species, the chronic toxicities of different materials, and study the effects of various environmental factors on the results of such tests.
5.2.2 Life-cycle tests with D. magna are used to assess the risk of materials to aquatic organisms (see Guide E1023) or derive water quality criteria for aquatic organisms (1).3
5.2.3 Life-cycle tests with D. magna are used to predict the results of chronic toxicity tests on the same test material with the same species in another water or with another species in the same or a different water. Most such predictions take into account the results of acute toxicity tests, and so the usefulness of the results of a life-cycle test with D. magna is greatly increased by also reporting the results of an acute toxicity test (see Guide E729) conducted under the same conditions. In addition to conducting an acute toxicity test with unfed D. magna, it may be desirable to conduct an acute test in which the daphnids are fed the same as in the life-cycle test to see if the presence of that concentration of that food affects the results of the acute test and the acute-chronic ratio (ACR) (see 10.3.1).
5.2.4 Life-cycle tests are used to evaluate the biological availability of, and structure-activity relationships between, test materials...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning the adverse effects of a test material (added to dilution water, but not to food) on Daphnia magna Straus, 1820, during continuous exposure throughout a life-cycle using the renewal or flow-through techniques. These procedures also should be useful for conducting life-cycle toxicity tests with other invertebrate species, although modifications might be necessary.
1.2 These procedures are applicable to most chemicals, either individually or in formulations, commercial products, or known mixtures. With appropriate modifications, these procedures can be used to conduct tests on temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and on such materials as aqueous effluents (also see Guide E1192), leachates, oils, particulate matter, sediments, and surface waters. The technique, (renewal or flow-through), will be selected based on the chemical characteristics of the test material such as high oxygen demand, volatility, susceptibility to transformation (biologically or chemically), or sorption to glass.
1.3 Modification of these procedures might be justified by special needs or circumstances. Although using appropriate procedures is more important than following prescribed procedures, results of tests conducted using unusual procedures are not likely to be comparable to results of standard test procedures. Comparison of results obtained using modified and unmodified versions of these procedures might provide useful information on new concepts and procedures for conducting life-cycle toxicity tests with D. magna.
1.4 This guide is arranged as follows:
Section
Referenced Documents
2
Terminology
3
Summary of Guide
4
Significance and Use
5
Apparatus
6
Facilities
6.1
Construction Materials
6.2
Test Chambers
6.3
Cleaning
6.4
...
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: E1193 − 97 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Guide for
1
Conducting Daphnia magna Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1193; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
Section
1.1 This guide covers procedures for obtaining laboratory
Terminology 3
data concerning the adverse effects of a test material (added to Summary of Guide 4
Significance and Use 5
dilution water, but not to food) on Daphnia magna Straus,
Apparatus 6
1820,duringcontinuousexposurethroughoutalife-cycleusing
Facilities 6.1
the renewal or flow-through techniques.These procedures also Construction Materials 6.2
Test Chambers 6.3
should be useful for conducting life-cycle toxicity tests with
Cleaning 6.4
other invertebrate species, although modifications might be
Acceptability 6.5
Reagents 7
necessary.
Purity of Reagents 7.1
1.2 These procedures are applicable to most chemicals,
Hazards 8
Dilution Water 9
either individually or in formulations, commercial products, or
Requirements 9.1
known mixtures. With appropriate modifications, these proce-
Source 9.2
dures can be used to conduct tests on temperature, dissolved
Treatment 9.3
Characterization 9.4
oxygen, pH, and on such materials as aqueous effluents (also
Test Material 10
see Guide E1192), leachates, oils, particulate matter,
General 10.1
sediments, and surface waters. The technique, (renewal or
Stock Solutions 10.2
Test Concentrations(s) 10.3
flow-through), will be selected based on the chemical charac-
Test Organisms 11
teristics of the test material such as high oxygen demand,
Species 11.1
volatility, susceptibility to transformation (biologically or Age 11.2
Source 11.3
chemically), or sorption to glass.
Brood Stock 11.4
1.3 Modification of these procedures might be justified by Food 11.5
Handling 11.6
special needs or circumstances. Although using appropriate
Harvesting Young 11.7
procedures is more important than following prescribed
Quality 11.8
Procedure 12
procedures,resultsoftestsconductedusingunusualprocedures
Experimental Design 12.1
are not likely to be comparable to results of standard test
Dissolved Oxygen 12.2
procedures.Comparisonofresultsobtainedusingmodifiedand
Temperature 12.3
Loading 12.4
unmodified versions of these procedures might provide useful
Selection of Test System 12.5
information on new concepts and procedures for conducting
Beginning the Test 12.6
life-cycle toxicity tests with D. magna.
Care and Maintenance 12.7
Feeding 12.8
1.4 This guide is arranged as follows:
Duration 12.9
Biological Data 12.10
Section
Other Measurements 12.11
Analytical Methodology 13
Referenced Documents 2
Acceptability of Test 14
Calculation of Results 15
Report 16
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE50onEnvironmental
Keywords 17
Assessment, Risk Management and CorrectiveAction and is the direct responsibil-
Appendixes
ity of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.
Appendix X1 Statistical Guidance
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originally
Appendix X2 Food
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E1193–97 (2004).
DOI: 10.1520/E1193-97R12.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E1193 − 97 (2012)
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as exposed to a toxicant using either the renewal technique (with
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this exchange of the total volume of test water and toxicant at least
standard. three times a week) or the flow-through technique (with
continual water and toxicant addition, usually at least four
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
volumeadditionsperday).Atleastfiveconcentrationsofatest
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
material, a control, and a solvent control (if applicable)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
replicated at least four times are recommended. Each test
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
concentration has at least ten Daphnia per treatment. The
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
technique(renewalorflow-through)whichusesaminimumof
statements are given in Section 8.
ten daphnids per treatment has only one daphnid per replicate,
whereas the typical technique (renewal or flow-through) uti-
2. Referenced Documents
2 lizes four replicates with at least five daphnids per replicate
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(≥20dap
...
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