ASTM E1193-20

Standard Guide for Conducting <emph type="ital">Daphnia magna</emph> Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Protection of an aquatic species requires prevention of unacceptable effects on populations in natural habitats. Toxicity tests are conducted to provide data that may be used to predict what changes in numbers and weights of individuals might result from similar exposure to the test material in the natural aquatic environment. Information might also be obtained on the effects of the material on the health of the species.  
5.2 Results of life-cycle tests with D. magna are used to predict chronic effects likely to occur on daphnids in field situations as a result of exposure under comparable conditions.  
5.2.1 Life-cycle tests with D. magna are used to compare the chronic sensitivities of different species, the chronic toxicities of different materials, and study the effects of various environmental factors on the results of such tests.  
5.2.2 Life-cycle tests with D. magna are used to assess the risk of materials to aquatic organisms (see Guide E1023) or derive water quality criteria for aquatic organisms (1).3  
5.2.3 Life-cycle tests with D. magna are used to extrapolate the results of chronic toxicity tests on the same test material with the same species in another water or with another species in the same or a different water. Most such predictions take into account the results of acute toxicity tests, and so the usefulness of the results of a life-cycle test with D. magna may be increased by reporting the results of an acute toxicity test (see Guide E729) conducted under the same conditions. In addition to conducting an acute toxicity test with unfed D. magna, it may be relevant to conduct an acute test in which the daphnids are fed the same as in the life-cycle test to see if the presence of that concentration of that food affects the results of the acute test and the acute-chronic ratio (ACR) (see 10.3.1).  
5.2.4 Life-cycle tests are used to evaluate the biological availability of, and structure-activity relationships between, test materials and t...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning the adverse effects of a test material (added to dilution water, but not to food) on Daphnia magna Straus, 1820, during continuous exposure throughout a life-cycle using the renewal or flow-through techniques. These procedures also should be useful for conducting life-cycle toxicity tests with other invertebrate species and cladocerans from the same genus (for example, Daphnia pulex), although modifications might be necessary.  
1.2 These procedures are applicable to most chemicals, either individually or in formulations, commercial products, or known mixtures. With appropriate modifications, these procedures can be used to conduct tests on temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and on such materials as aqueous effluents (also see Guide E1192), leachates, oils, particulate matter, sediments, and surface waters. The technique, (renewal or flow-through), will be selected based on the chemical characteristics of the test material such as high oxygen demand, volatility, susceptibility to transformation (biologically or chemically), or sorption to glass.  
1.3 Modification of these procedures might be justified by special needs or circumstances. Although using appropriate procedures is more important than following prescribed procedures, results of tests conducted using unusual procedures are not likely to be comparable to results of standard test procedures. Comparison of results obtained using modified and unmodified versions of these procedures might provide useful information on new concepts and procedures for conducting life-cycle toxicity tests with D. magna. Appendix X3 provides modifications for conducting the chronic toxicity test method with D. pulex Leydig, 1860.  
1.4 This guide is arranged as follows:    
Section  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Guide  
4  
Si...

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2020
• ICS: 07.100.20 - Microbiology of water
• ICS: 13.020.30 - Environmental impact assessment
• Technical Committee: E50 - Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action
• Drafting Committee: E50.47 - Biological Effects and Environmental Fate

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1193 − 20
Standard Guide for
1
Conducting Daphnia magna Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1193; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
Section
1.1 This guide covers procedures for obtaining laboratory Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3
data concerning the adverse effects of a test material (added to
Summary of Guide 4
dilution water, but not to food) on Daphnia magna Straus,
Significance and Use 5
Apparatus 6
1820,duringcontinuousexposurethroughoutalife-cycleusing
Facilities 6.1
the renewal or flow-through techniques.These procedures also
Construction Materials 6.2
should be useful for conducting life-cycle toxicity tests with
Test Chambers 6.3
otherinvertebratespeciesandcladoceransfromthesamegenus Cleaning 6.4
Acceptability 6.5
(forexample, Daphnia pulex),althoughmodificationsmightbe
Reagents 7
necessary.
Purity of Reagents 7.1
Hazards 8
1.2 These procedures are applicable to most chemicals,
Dilution Water 9
Requirements 9.1
either individually or in formulations, commercial products, or
Source 9.2
known mixtures. With appropriate modifications, these proce-
Treatment 9.3
dures can be used to conduct tests on temperature, dissolved
Characterization 9.4
Test Material 10
oxygen, pH, and on such materials as aqueous effluents (also
General 10.1
see Guide E1192), leachates, oils, particulate matter,
Stock Solutions 10.2
sediments, and surface waters. The technique, (renewal or Test Concentrations(s) 10.3
Test Organisms 11
flow-through), will be selected based on the chemical charac-
Species 11.1
teristics of the test material such as high oxygen demand,
Age 11.2
volatility, susceptibility to transformation (biologically or Source 11.3
Brood Stock 11.4
chemically), or sorption to glass.
Food 11.5
Handling 11.6
1.3 Modification of these procedures might be justified by
Harvesting Young 11.7
special needs or circumstances. Although using appropriate
Quality 11.8
Procedure 12
procedures is more important than following prescribed
Experimental Design 12.1
procedures,resultsoftestsconductedusingunusualprocedures
Dissolved Oxygen 12.2
are not likely to be comparable to results of standard test
Temperature 12.3
Loading 12.4
procedures.Comparisonofresultsobtainedusingmodifiedand
Selection of Test System 12.5
unmodified versions of these procedures might provide useful
Beginning the Test 12.6
information on new concepts and procedures for conducting
Care and Maintenance 12.7
Feeding 12.8
life-cycle toxicity tests with D. magna. Appendix X3 provides
Duration 12.9
modifications for conducting the chronic toxicity test method
Biological Data 12.10
with D. pulex Leydig, 1860.
Other Measurements 12.11
Analytical Methodology 13
1.4 This guide is arranged as follows: Acceptability of Test 14
Calculation of Results 15
Report 16
Keywords 17
Appendixes
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE50onEnvironmental
Appendix X1 Statistical Guidance
Assessment, Risk Management and CorrectiveAction and is the direct responsibil-
Appendix X2 Food
ity of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.
Appendix X3 Modifications for Conducting Chronic Life
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2020. Published January 2021. Originally
Cycle Analysis Tests with Daphnia Pulex
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E1193–97 (2012).
DOI: 10.1520/E1193-20.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1193 − 20
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as “can”ispreserved,and“might”isneverusedasasynonymfor
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this either“ may” or “can.”
standard.
3.5 Fordefinitionsofothertermsusedinthisguide,referto
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Guide E729 and Terminology E943. For an explanation of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
units and symbols, refer to IEEE/ASTM SI 10.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4. Summary of Guide
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8. 4.1 A 21-day life-cycle toxicity test for Daphnia magna is
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor- described.
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1193 − 97 (Reapproved 2012) E1193 − 20
Standard Guide for
1
Conducting Daphnia magna Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1193; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning the adverse effects of a test material (added to dilution
water, but not to food) on Daphnia magna Straus, 1820, during continuous exposure throughout a life-cycle using the renewal or
flow-through techniques. These procedures also should be useful for conducting life-cycle toxicity tests with other invertebrate
species, species and cladocerans from the same genus (for example, Daphnia pulex), although modifications might be necessary.
1.2 These procedures are applicable to most chemicals, either individually or in formulations, commercial products, or known
mixtures. With appropriate modifications, these procedures can be used to conduct tests on temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and
on such materials as aqueous effluents (also see Guide E1192), leachates, oils, particulate matter, sediments, and surface waters.
The technique, (renewal or flow-through), will be selected based on the chemical characteristics of the test material such as high
oxygen demand, volatility, susceptibility to transformation (biologically or chemically), or sorption to glass.
1.3 Modification of these procedures might be justified by special needs or circumstances. Although using appropriate procedures
is more important than following prescribed procedures, results of tests conducted using unusual procedures are not likely to be
comparable to results of standard test procedures. Comparison of results obtained using modified and unmodified versions of these
procedures might provide useful information on new concepts and procedures for conducting life-cycle toxicity tests with D.
magna.Appendix X3 provides modifications for conducting the chronic toxicity test method with D. pulex Leydig, 1860.
1.4 This guide is arranged as follows:
Section
Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3
Summary of Guide 4
Significance and Use 5
Apparatus 6
Facilities 6.1
Construction Materials 6.2
Test Chambers 6.3
Cleaning 6.4
Acceptability 6.5
Reagents 7
Purity of Reagents 7.1
Hazards 8
Dilution Water 9
Requirements 9.1
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 on Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibility
of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012Dec. 1, 2020. Published December 2012January 2021. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20042012
as E1193 – 97 (2004).(2012). DOI: 10.1520/E1193-97R12.10.1520/E1193-20.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1193 − 20
Section
Source 9.2
Treatment 9.3
Characterization 9.4
Test Material 10
General 10.1
Stock Solutions 10.2
Test Concentrations(s) 10.3
Test Organisms 11
Species 11.1
Age 11.2
Source 11.3
Brood Stock 11.4
Food 11.5
Handling 11.6
Harvesting Young 11.7
Quality 11.8
Procedure 12
Experimental Design 12.1
Dissolved Oxygen 12.2
Temperature 12.3
Loading 12.4
Selection of Test System 12.5
Beginning the Test 12.6
Care and Maintenance 12.7
Feeding 12.8
Duration 12.9
Biological Data 12.10
Other Measurements 12.11
Analytical Methodology 13
Acceptability of Test 14
Calculation of Results 15
Report 16
Keywords 17
Appendixes
Appendix X1 Statistical Guidance
Appendix X2 Food
Appendix X3 Modifications for Conducting Chronic Life
Cycle Analysis Tests with Daphnia Pulex
2

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E1193 − 20
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.
1.7 This international s
...