ASTM D4981-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Screening of Oxidizers in Waste
Standard Test Method for Screening of Oxidizers in Waste
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use by those in waste management industries to avoid potentially harmful reactions due to oxidizing compounds in wastes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended for use prior to preparation of waste samples for organic analysis. Waste samples that have oxidizing compounds may react with certain reagents in the laboratory (for example, organic solvents).
1.2 This test method is applicable to the analysis of waste liquids, sludges, and solids.
1.3 This test method can neither identify specific oxidizing compounds nor measure concentrations. Since no acid or base is added in this test method, potential oxidizers that require the presence of acid or base will not be detected by this test method.
1.4 It is recommended that, prior to this test, waste samples be screened for water compatibility; see Test Methods D5058.
1.5 This test method is designed and intended as a preliminary test to complement quantitative analytical techniques that may be used to determine the presence of oxidizers in wastes. This test method offers the ability to screen waste for potentially hazardous reactions due to oxidizer content when the more sophisticated techniques are not available or the total waste composition is unknown.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4981 − 12
Standard Test Method for
1
Screening of Oxidizers in Waste
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4981; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D5058 Practices for Compatibility of Screening Analysis of
Waste
1.1 This test method is intended for use prior to preparation
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
of waste samples for organic analysis.Waste samples that have
oxidizing compounds may react with certain reagents in the
3. Terminology
laboratory (for example, organic solvents).
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this screening method,
1.2 This test method is applicable to the analysis of waste
refer to Terminology D5681.
liquids, sludges, and solids.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 This test method can neither identify specific oxidizing
3.2.1 screeninganalysis—Apreliminaryqualitativeorsemi-
compounds nor measure concentrations. Since no acid or base
quantitative test that is designed to efficiently give the user
is added in this test method, potential oxidizers that require the
specific information about a waste that will aid in determining
presence of acid or base will not be detected by this test
waste identification, process compatibility, and safety in han-
method.
dling.
1.4 It is recommended that, prior to this test, waste samples
be screened for water compatibility; see Test Methods D5058. 4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A small portion of the sample is placed onto a strip of
1.5 This test method is designed and intended as a prelimi-
nary test to complement quantitative analytical techniques that potassium iodide (KI) starch paper.The blue color which is the
result of oxidizing the potassium iodide to iodine (I)inthe
may be used to determine the presence of oxidizers in wastes.
2
This test method offers the ability to screen waste for poten- presence of starch, indicates a positive test for oxidizers.
tially hazardous reactions due to oxidizer content when the
5. Significance and Use
more sophisticated techniques are not available or the total
waste composition is unknown.
5.1 This test method is intended for use by those in waste
management industries to avoid potentially harmful reactions
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
due to oxidizing compounds in wastes.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
6. Interferences
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
6.1 Materials that mask the KI starch paper, (for example,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
oils, syrups, etc.) prevent reaction with the test paper or visual
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
detection of a color change.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6.2 Samples or slurries of samples that are already dark
colored prior to applying a test portion to the KI starch paper
2. Referenced Documents
can give false results.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.3 Oxidizers such as ferric salts may not oxidize organics;
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
however, they may show positive reactions with KI.
1
6.4 Oxidizers that require the presence of acid or base will
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.05 on
give a false negative result. To overcome this problem, run the
Screening Methods.
oxidizer test at acid, base, and neutral pH conditions.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originally
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4981 – 08. DOI:
7. Reagents and Materials
10.1520/D4981-128.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent-grade chemicals shall be
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. all reagents conform to specifications of the Committee on
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4981 − 12
Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where 9.2 Non-Aqueous Samples (for example, solid, oil, or sol-
3
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used, vents):
provided it is first ascertained that the r
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4981 − 08 D4981 − 12
Standard Test Method for
1
Screening of Oxidizers in Waste
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4981; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is intended for use prior to preparation of waste samples for organic analysis. Waste samples that have
oxidizing compounds may react with certain reagents in the laboratory (for example, organic solvents).
1.2 This test method is applicable to the analysis of waste liquids, sludges, and solids.
1.3 This test method can neither identify specific oxidizing compounds nor measure concentrations. Since no acid or base is
added in this test method, potential oxidizers that require the presence of acid or base will not be detected by this test method.
1.4 It is recommended that, prior to this test, waste samples be screened for water compatibility; see Test Methods D5058.
1.5 This test method is designed and intended as a preliminary test to complement quantitative analytical techniques that may
be used to determine the presence of oxidizers in wastes. This test method offers the ability to screen waste for potentially
hazardous reactions due to oxidizer content when the more sophisticated techniques are not available or the total waste composition
is unknown.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D5058 Practices for Compatibility of Screening Analysis of Waste
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this screening method, refer to Terminology D5681.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 screening analysis—A preliminary qualitative or semiquantitative test that is designed to efficiently give the user specific
information about a waste that will aid in determining waste identification, process compatibility, and safety in handling.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A small portion of the sample is placed onto a strip of potassium iodide (KI) starch paper. The blue color which is the result
of oxidizing the potassium iodide to iodine (I ) in the presence of starch, indicates a positive test for oxidizers.
2
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is intended for use by those in waste management industries to avoid potentially harmful reactions due to
oxidizing compounds in wastes.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.05 on Screening
Methods.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008Sept. 1, 2012. Published October 2008December 2012. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20032008
as D4981 – 95D4981 – 08.(2003). DOI: 10.1520/D4981-08.10.1520/D4981-128.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4981 − 12
6. Interferences
6.1 Materials that mask the KI starch paper, (for example, oils, syrups, etc.) prevent reaction with the test paper or visual
detection of a color change.
6.2 Samples or slurries of samples that are already dark colored prior to applying a test portion to the KI starch paper can give
false results.
6.3 Oxidizers such as ferric salts may not oxidize organics; however, they may show positive reactions with KI.
6.4 Oxidizers that require the presence of acid or base will give a false negative result. To overcome this problem, run the
oxidizer test at acid, base, and neutral pH conditions.
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent-grade chemicals shall be use
...
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