ASTM E473-21

Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions of terms used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis and rheology. This terminology includes only those terms for which ASTM either has standards or is contemplating some action. It is not intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to thermal analysis and rheology.  
1.2 This terminology specifically supports the single-word form for terms using thermo as a prefix, such as thermoanalytical or thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for some terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal analysis. This terminology does not support, nor does it recommend, use of the grammatically incorrect, single-word form using thermal as a prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or thermalmagnetometry.  
1.3 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in a Discussion area. It is reviewed every five years.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2021
• ICS: 01.040.17 - Metrology and measurement. Physical phenomena (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 17.200.10 - Heat. Calorimetry
• Technical Committee: E37 - Thermal Measurements
• Drafting Committee: E37.03 - Nomenclature and Definitions

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E473 − 21
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Thermal Analysis and Rheology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope calorimeter, n—apparatus for measuring quantities of ab-
sorbed or evolved heat.
1.1 Thisterminologyisacompilationofdefinitionsofterms
used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis and
combined, adj—the application of two or more techniques to
rheology.Thisterminologyincludesonlythosetermsforwhich
different samples at the same time.
ASTM either has standards or is contemplating some action. It
controlled-rate thermal analysis (CRTA), n—a family of
is not intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to
techniques that monitors the temperature versus time profile
thermal analysis and rheology.
needed to maintain a chosen, fixed rate of change of a
1.2 This terminology specifically supports the single-word
property of a substance.
form for terms using thermo as a prefix, such as thermoana-
DISCUSSION—Compared to controlled-temperature experiments,
lytical or thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for where the reaction rate tends to increase exponentially and the rate can
become limited by heat or mass transfer, CRTA experiments are more
some terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal
likely to involve the chemical reaction as the limiting step. This
analysis. This terminology does not support, nor does it
technique can also improve the resolution of multiple reactions. For
recommend, use of the grammatically incorrect, single-word
example, in controlled rate experiments, power to the furnace is
form using thermal as a prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or
controlled to ensure a fixed rate of mass loss (or gain).
thermalmagnetometry.
controlled-temperature program, n—the temperature history
1.3 A definition is a single sentence with additional infor-
experienced by a sample during the course of a thermal
mation included in a Discussion area. It is reviewed every five
analysis experiment.
years.
DISCUSSION—In contrast to controlled-rate experiments, power to the
furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate of temperature change for
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
controlled-temperature experiments. The program may include heating
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
or cooling segments in which the temperature is changed at a fixed rate,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
isothermal segments in which time becomes the explicit independent
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
variable, or any sequence of these individual segments. If the atmo-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
sphere (or vacuum) around the sample is changed by some external
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
action (depending on the independent variable only—temperature or
time) during the course of the experiment, that too becomes part of the
2. Referenced Documents
controlled-temperature program.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
curve, thermal, n—the plot of a dependent parameter against
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
an independent parameter such as temperature or time.
3. Terminology derivative, adj—pertaining to the first derivative (mathemati-
cal) of any curve with respect to temperature or time.
adiabatic, adj—no heat exchange with the surroundings.
dielectric analysis (DEA), n—a technique in which the dielec-
bifilar, adj—involving a thread or wire doubled back upon
tric constant (permittivity or capacitance) and dielectric loss
itself.
(conductance) of a substance under oscillating electric field
are measured as a function of temperature or time while the
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on
substance is subjected to a controlled-temperature program
Thermal Measurements and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.03 on
in a specified atmosphere.
Nomenclature and Definitions.
Current edition approved April 1, 2021. Published April 2021. Originally
differential, adj—pertaining to a difference in measured or
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as E473 – 18. DOI:
measurable quantities usually between a substance and some
10.1520/E0473-21.
2
reference or standard material.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), n—a technique in
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E473 − 18 E473 − 21
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Thermal Analysis and Rheology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions of terms used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis and rheology.
This terminology includes only those terms for which ASTM either has standards or is contemplating some action. It is not
intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to thermal analysis and rheology.
1.2 This terminology specifically supports the single-word form for terms using thermo as a prefix, such as thermoanalytical or
thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for some terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal analysis. This
terminology does not support, nor does it recommend, use of the grammatically incorrect, single-word form using thermal as a
prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or thermalmagnetometry.
1.3 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in a Discussion area. It is reviewed every five years.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
3. Terminology
adiabatic, adj—no heat exchange with the surroundings.
bifilar, adj—involving a thread or wire doubled back upon itself.
calorimeter, n—apparatus for measuring quantities of absorbed or evolved heat.
combined, adj—the application of two or more techniques to different samples at the same time.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.03 on
Nomenclature and Definitions.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018April 1, 2021. Published January 2018April 2021. Originally approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 20162018 as
E473 – 16.E473 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/E0473-18.10.1520/E0473-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E473 − 21
controlled-rate thermal analysis (CRTA), n—a family of techniques that monitors the temperature versus time profile needed
to maintain a chosen, fixed rate of change of a property of a substance.
DISCUSSION—
Compared to controlled-temperature experiments, where the reaction rate tends to increase exponentially and the rate can become limited by heat or
mass transfer, CRTA experiments are more likely to involve the chemical reaction as the limiting step. This technique can also improve the resolution
of multiple reactions. For example, in controlled rate experiments, power to the furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate of mass loss (or gain).
controlled-temperature program, n—the temperature history experienced by a sample during the course of a thermal analysis
experiment.
DISCUSSION—
In contrast to controlled-rate experiments, power to the furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate of temperature change for controlled-temperature
experiments. The program may include heating or cooling segments in which the temperature is changed at a fixed rate, isothermal segments in which
time becomes the explicit independent variable, or any sequence of these individual segments. If the atmosphere (or vacuum) around the sample is
changed by some external action (depending on the independent variable only—temperature or time) during the course of the experiment, that too
becomes part of the controlled-temperature program.
curve, thermal, n—the plot of a dependent parameter against an independent parameter such as temperature or time.
derivative, adj—pertaining to the first derivative (mathematical) of an
...