ASTM D4008-95(2003)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Anti-Soil Deposition Properties of Laundry Detergents (Not Suitable for Detergent Ranking)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Anti-Soil Deposition Properties of Laundry Detergents (Not Suitable for Detergent Ranking)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test as now constituted is not suitable for ranking of detergent products, since no basis is available at this time for correlation of the anti-deposition performance of detergents using any particular combination of soils and fabrics with anti-redeposition performance during washing of naturally soiled articles.
A suggested procedure for comparing the performance of any two laundry detergents or naturally soiled family items in home laundry equipment, under controlled conditions on a paired comparison basis, is described in Method D 2960.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides guidelines for measuring the ability of detergents to prevent the deposition of soils from detergent solutions onto fabrics. It is intended as a laboratory screening test to aid in the formulation of detergent products, for quality control, and as a basis between the purchaser and seller in standardizing specific products' performance.
1.2 The anti-soil deposition performance of detergent products will vary greatly depending on the type of soils and fabrics used in the test. Therefore, selection of the soils, fabrics, reference detergents, and test conditions shall be made by agreement between the interested parties on the basis of experience.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material safety data sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D4008–95 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Anti-Soil Deposition Properties of Laundry
Detergents (Not Suitable for Detergent Ranking)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4008; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness
Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
1.1 This test method provides guidelines for measuring the
ability of detergents to prevent the deposition of soils from
3. Terminology
detergent solutions onto fabrics. It is intended as a laboratory
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
screening test to aid in the formulation of detergent products,
3.1.1 reflectance retention—the change in reflectance be-
for quality control, and as a basis between the purchaser and
tween clean fabric and the same fabric after laundering.
seller in standardizing specific products’ performance.
3.1.2 soil deposition—the soiling of clean fabrics by soil
1.2 The anti-soil deposition performance of detergent prod-
that has been added to the wash bath rather than by soil
uctswillvarygreatlydependingonthetypeofsoilsandfabrics
removed from another fabric.
used in the test. Therefore, selection of the soils, fabrics,
3.1.3 soil redeposition—the soiling of clean, or relatively
reference detergents, and test conditions shall be made by
clean, fabrics during the laundering process by soil that has
agreement between the interested parties on the basis of
been removed from another fabric.
experience.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to
4. Summary of Test Method
be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in
4.1 Swatches of clean fabrics are washed, a minimum of
parentheses are for information only.
three times, in solutions of the test detergent prepared to
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
contain known amounts of particulate and oily soils.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1.1 Identical clean swatches are similarly exposed to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
prepared solutions of a suitable reference detergent containing
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
an identical soil load. The ability of the test detergent to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Materialsafetydata
prevent soil deposition is estimated by comparing the reflec-
sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them
tance retention of the swatches washed in the test detergent to
for hazards prior to usage.
the reflectance retention of those washed in the reference
detergent.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
5.1 The test as now constituted is not suitable for ranking of
D2960 Guide for Controlled Laundering Test Using Natu-
detergent products, since no basis is available at this time for
rally Soiled Fabrics and Household Appliances
correlation of the anti-deposition performance of detergents
E97 Test Method for Directional Reflectance Factor, 45-
using any particular combination of soils and fabrics with
deg, 0-deg, of Opaque Specimens by Broad-Band Filter
4 4 anti-redeposition performance during washing of naturally
Reflectometry
soiled articles.
5.2 A suggested procedure for comparing the performance
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on Soaps
of any two laundry detergents or naturally soiled family items
and Other Detergents and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.15 on
in home laundry equipment, under controlled conditions on a
Physical Testing.
paired comparison basis, is described in Method D2960.
Current edition approved April 15, 1995. Published June 1995. Originally
published as D4008 – 81. Last previous edition D4008 – 89. DOI: 10.1520/D4008-
95R03.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.04.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4008–95 (2003)
6. Apparatus oil. While constantly stirring this mixture, evaporate the
solvent under a heat lamp in a hood.The oily/particulate soil is
6.1 Laboratory Washer—A laboratory-scale, agitator-type
5 gentlygroundinamortarandpestletodisperseanylumps,that
washing machine.
may have formed. Store the soil mixture at refrigerator
6.2 Reflectometer, calibrated by means of standard vitreous
temperature until use. Recommended use level of this com-
enamel plaques having reflectances in the range of the fabric or
bined soil is 0.600 g/1000 mL of wash solution.
swatch samples being measured.
7.4 Standard Clean Fabrics —Because different fabrics
7. Reagents and Materials
havedifferentsoilingcharacteristicsdependingontheirsurface
chemistry and morphology, it is recommended that several
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
fabrictypesbeused.Forexample,cotton,nylon,polyester,and
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
polyester/cotton blends may be used. These should be cut to 4
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
by 4 ⁄2 in. in size with pinked, merrowed, or fused edges to
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
prevent unraveling. Ten swatches of each fabric are used for
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
each test.Test each fabric type separately. Pay special attention
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
to the identification of finishes, for example durable-press,
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
soil-release, etc.
accuracy of the determination.
7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
NOTE 2—A preliminary laundering of the fabric may be desired to
to water shall be understood to mean Type IV reagent water
remove any material that might interfere with the test.
conforming to Specification D1193.
7.5 Reference Detergent—A comparison detergent suitable
7.3 Standard Soils—Soils suitable for deposition-type de-
to the fabric and conditions shall be included in each run.
tergency tests are not commercially available, therefore, labo-
7.6 Hard-Water Stock Solution—Prepare a hard-water stock
ratory prepared soils must be used. For example, vacuum
solution by dissolving 2.940 6 0.002 g of calcium chloride
cleaner dirt, air conditioner filter dirt, and colored clay mate-
dihydrate (CaCl ·2H O) and 2.033 6 0.002 g of magnesium
2 2
rial, or mixtures of two or more of these can be used as
chloride hexahydrate (MgCl ·6H O) in about 300 mLof water.
2 2
particulatesoil.Triglyceride,fattyacid,paraffinichydrocarbon,
Dilute to a volume of 1 L with additional water. This solution
and fatty alcohol are examples of oily soils that may be used.
contains 3000 ppm hardness (expressed as calcium carbonate)
Mixtures of two or more of these oily soils or a mixture based
with a Ca + Mg molar ratio of 2:1. Other ratios may be used.
onthecomponentsofhumansebummayalsobeused.Theoily
7.7 Calcium/Magnesium Ratio (as CaCO )—It is suggeste
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