ASTM D4008-95
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Anti-Soil Deposition Properties of Laundry Detergents (Not Suitable for Detergent Ranking)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Anti-Soil Deposition Properties of Laundry Detergents (Not Suitable for Detergent Ranking)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides guidelines for measuring the ability of detergents to prevent the deposition of soils from detergent solutions onto fabrics. It is intended as a laboratory screening test to aid in the formulation of detergent products, for quality control, and as a basis between the purchaser and seller in standardizing specific products' performance.
1.2 The anti-soil deposition performance of detergent products will vary greatly depending on the type of soils and fabrics used in the test. Therefore, selection of the soils, fabrics, reference detergents, and test conditions shall be made by agreement between the interested parties on the basis of experience.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material safety data sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 4008 – 95
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Anti-Soil Deposition Properties of Laundry
Detergents (Not Suitable for Detergent Ranking)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4008; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method provides guidelines for measuring the 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ability of detergents to prevent the deposition of soils from 3.1.1 reflectance retention—the change in reflectance be-
detergent solutions onto fabrics. It is intended as a laboratory tween clean fabric and the same fabric after laundering.
screening test to aid in the formulation of detergent products, 3.1.2 soil deposition—the soiling of clean fabrics by soil
for quality control, and as a basis between the purchaser and that has been added to the wash bath rather than by soil
seller in standardizing specific products’ performance. removed from another fabric.
1.2 The anti-soil deposition performance of detergent prod- 3.1.3 soil redeposition—the soiling of clean, or relatively
ucts will vary greatly depending on the type of soils and fabrics clean, fabrics during the laundering process by soil that has
used in the test. Therefore, selection of the soils, fabrics, been removed from another fabric.
reference detergents, and test conditions shall be made by
4. Summary of Test Method
agreement between the interested parties on the basis of
4.1 Swatches of clean fabrics are washed, a minimum of
experience.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to three times, in solutions of the test detergent prepared to
contain known amounts of particulate and oily soils.
be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in
parentheses are for information only. 4.1.1 Identical clean swatches are similarly exposed to
prepared solutions of a suitable reference detergent containing
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the an identical soil load. The ability of the test detergent to
prevent soil deposition is estimated by comparing the reflec-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- tance retention of the swatches washed in the test detergent to
the reflectance retention of those washed in the reference
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material safety data
sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them detergent.
for hazards prior to usage.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 The test as now constituted is not suitable for ranking of
detergent products, since no basis is available at this time for
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water correlation of the anti-deposition performance of detergents
using any particular combination of soils and fabrics with
D 2960 Method for Controlled Laundering Test Using
anti-redeposition performance during washing of naturally
Naturally Soiled Fabrics and Household Appliances
E 97 Test Method for Directional Reflectance Factor, 45- soiled articles.
5.2 A suggested procedure for comparing the performance
deg, 0-deg, of Opaque Specimens by Broad-Band Filter
Reflectometry of any two laundry detergents or naturally soiled family items
in home laundry equipment, under controlled conditions on a
E 313 Test Method for Indexes of Whiteness and Yellow-
ness of Near-White Opaque Materials paired comparison basis, is described in Method D 2960.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Laboratory Washer—A laboratory-scale, agitator-type
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-12 on Soaps
washing machine.
and Other Detergents and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.15 on
6.2 Reflectometer, calibrated by means of standard vitreous
Physical Testing.
enamel plaques having reflectances in the range of the fabric or
Current edition approved April 15, 1995. Published June 1995. Originally
published as D 4008 – 81. Last previous edition D 4008 – 89.
swatch samples being measured.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.04.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
The Terg-o-tometer, obtainable from the United States Testing Co., 1415 Park
Ave., Hoboken, NJ, has been found satisfactory.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 4008
7. Reagents and Materials have different soiling characteristics depending on their surface
chemistry and morphology, it is recommended that several
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
fabric types be used. For example, cotton, nylon, polyester, and
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
polyester/cotton blends may be used. These should be cut to 4
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
by 4 ⁄2 in. in size with pinked, merrowed, or fused edges to
tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,
prevent unraveling. Ten swatches of each fabric are used for
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
each test. Test each fabric type separately. Pay special attention
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
to the identification of finishes, for example durable-press,
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
soil-release, etc.
accuracy of the determination.
7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
NOTE 2—A preliminary laundering of the fabric may be desired to
to water shall be understood to mean Type IV reagent water
remove any material that might interfere with the test.
conforming to Specification D 1193.
7.5 Reference Detergent—A comparison detergent suitable
7.3 Standard Soils—Soils suitable for deposition-type de-
to the fabric and conditions shall be included in each run.
tergency tests are not commercially available, therefore, labo-
7.6 Hard-Water Stock Solution—Prepare a hard-water stock
ratory prepared soils must be used. For example, vacuum
solution by dissolving 2.940 6 0.002 g of calcium chloride
cleaner dirt, air conditioner filter dirt, and colored clay mate-
dihydrate (CaCl ·2H O) and 2.033 6 0.002 g of magnesium
2 2
rial, or mixtures of two or more of these can be used as
chloride hexahydrate (MgCl ·6H O) in about 300 mL of water.
2 2
particulate soil. Triglyceride, fatty acid, paraffinic hydrocarbon,
Dilute to a volume of 1 L with additional water. This solution
and fatty alcohol are examples of oily soils that may be used.
contains 3000 ppm hardness (expressed as calcium carbonate)
Mixtures of two or more of these oily soils or a mixture based
with a Ca + Mg molar ratio of 2:1. Other ratios may be used.
on the components of human sebum may also be used. The oily
7.7 Calcium/Magnesium Ratio (as CaCO )—It is suggested
soils may be added as emulsions or solvent solutions or they
that this ratio be adjusted for different water hardnesses as
may be added after first mixing with the particulate soil in a
follows:
solvent solution and subsequent evaporation of the solvent.
Calcium/
7 Magnesium
NOTE 1—A 1:1 mixture of vacuum cleaner dirt and Bandy
...
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