ASTM D4008-95(2009)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Anti-Soil Deposition Properties of Laundry Detergents (Not Suitable for Detergent Ranking)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Anti-Soil Deposition Properties of Laundry Detergents (Not Suitable for Detergent Ranking)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test as now constituted is not suitable for ranking of detergent products, since no basis is available at this time for correlation of the anti-deposition performance of detergents using any particular combination of soils and fabrics with anti-redeposition performance during washing of naturally soiled articles.
A suggested procedure for comparing the performance of any two laundry detergents or naturally soiled family items in home laundry equipment, under controlled conditions on a paired comparison basis, is described in Method D2960.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides guidelines for measuring the ability of detergents to prevent the deposition of soils from detergent solutions onto fabrics. It is intended as a laboratory screening test to aid in the formulation of detergent products, for quality control, and as a basis between the purchaser and seller in standardizing specific products' performance.
1.2 The anti-soil deposition performance of detergent products will vary greatly depending on the type of soils and fabrics used in the test. Therefore, selection of the soils, fabrics, reference detergents, and test conditions shall be made by agreement between the interested parties on the basis of experience.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material safety data sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D4008 − 95(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Anti-Soil Deposition Properties of Laundry
Detergents (Not Suitable for Detergent Ranking)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4008; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Filter Reflectometry (Withdrawn 1991)
E313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness
1.1 This test method provides guidelines for measuring the
Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
ability of detergents to prevent the deposition of soils from
detergent solutions onto fabrics. It is intended as a laboratory
3. Terminology
screening test to aid in the formulation of detergent products,
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
for quality control, and as a basis between the purchaser and
3.1.1 reflectance retention—the change in reflectance be-
seller in standardizing specific products’ performance.
tween clean fabric and the same fabric after laundering.
1.2 The anti-soil deposition performance of detergent prod-
3.1.2 soil deposition—the soiling of clean fabrics by soil
uctswillvarygreatlydependingonthetypeofsoilsandfabrics
that has been added to the wash bath rather than by soil
used in the test. Therefore, selection of the soils, fabrics,
removed from another fabric.
reference detergents, and test conditions shall be made by
agreement between the interested parties on the basis of 3.1.3 soil redeposition—the soiling of clean, or relatively
experience. clean, fabrics during the laundering process by soil that has
been removed from another fabric.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to
be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in
4. Summary of Test Method
parentheses are for information only.
4.1 Swatches of clean fabrics are washed, a minimum of
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
three times, in solutions of the test detergent prepared to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
contain known amounts of particulate and oily soils.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1.1 Identical clean swatches are similarly exposed to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
prepared solutions of a suitable reference detergent containing
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Materialsafetydata
an identical soil load. The ability of the test detergent to
sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them
prevent soil deposition is estimated by comparing the reflec-
for hazards prior to usage.
tance retention of the swatches washed in the test detergent to
the reflectance retention of those washed in the reference
2. Referenced Documents
detergent.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
5. Significance and Use
D2960 Guide for Controlled Laundering Test Using Natu-
5.1 The test as now constituted is not suitable for ranking of
rally Soiled Fabrics and Household Appliances
detergent products, since no basis is available at this time for
E97 Method of Test for Directional Reflectance Factor,
correlation of the anti-deposition performance of detergents
45-Deg 0-Deg, of Opaque Specimens by Broad-Band
using any particular combination of soils and fabrics with
anti-redeposition performance during washing of naturally
soiled articles.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on Soaps
5.2 A suggested procedure for comparing the performance
and Other Detergents and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.15 on
Physical Testing. of any two laundry detergents or naturally soiled family items
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally
in home laundry equipment, under controlled conditions on a
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4008 – 95(2003).
paired comparison basis, is described in Method D2960.
DOI: 10.1520/D4008-95R09.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4008 − 95 (2009)
6. Apparatus solvent under a heat lamp in a hood.The oily/particulate soil is
gentlygroundinamortarandpestletodisperseanylumps,that
6.1 Laboratory Washer—A laboratory-scale, agitator-type
4 may have formed. Store the soil mixture at refrigerator
washing machine.
temperature until use. Recommended use level of this com-
6.2 Reflectometer, calibrated by means of standard vitreous
bined soil is 0.600 g/1000 mL of wash solution.
enamelplaqueshaving reflectances in the range of thefabricor
7.4 Standard Clean Fabrics —Because different fabrics
swatch samples being measured.
havedifferentsoilingcharacteristicsdependingontheirsurface
chemistry and morphology, it is recommended that several
7. Reagents and Materials
fabrictypesbeused.Forexample,cotton,nylon,polyester,and
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
polyester/cotton blends may be used. These should be cut to 4
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
by 4 ⁄2 in. in size with pinked, merrowed, or fused edges to
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
prevent unraveling. Ten swatches of each fabric are used for
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
each test.Test each fabric type separately. Pay special attention
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
to the identification of finishes, for example durable-press,
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
soil-release, etc.
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
NOTE 2—A preliminary laundering of the fabric may be desired to
accuracy of the determination.
remove any material that might interfere with the test.
7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
7.5 Reference Detergent—A comparison detergent suitable
to water shall be understood to mean Type IV reagent water
to the fabric and conditions shall be included in each run.
conforming to Specification D1193.
7.6 Hard-Water Stock Solution—Prepare a hard-water stock
7.3 Standard Soils—Soils suitable for deposition-type deter-
solution by dissolving 2.940 6 0.002 g of calcium chloride
gency tests are not commercially available, therefore, labora-
dihydrate (CaCl ·2H O) and 2.033 6 0.002 g of magnesium
2 2
tory prepared soils must be used. For example, vacuum cleaner
chloride hexahydrate (MgCl ·6H O) in about 300 mLof water.
2 2
dirt, air conditioner filter dirt, and colored clay material, or
Dilute to a volume of 1 L with additional water. This solution
mixturesoftwoormoreofthesecanbeusedasparticulatesoil.
contains 3000 ppm hardness (expressed as calcium carbonate)
Triglyceride, fatty acid, paraffinic hydrocarbon, and fatty
with a Ca + Mg molar ratio of 2:1. Other ratios may be used.
alcohol are examples of oily soils that may be used. Mixtures
7.7 Calcium/Magnesium Ratio (as CaCO )—It is suggested
of two or more of these oily soils or a mixture based on the
that this ratio be adjusted for different water hardnesses as
components of human s
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