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ASTM G148-97(2018)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Evaluation of Hydrogen Uptake, Permeation, and Transport in Metals by an Electrochemical Technique

Standard Practice for Evaluation of Hydrogen Uptake, Permeation, and Transport in Metals by an Electrochemical Technique

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The procedures described, herein, can be used to evaluate the severity of hydrogen charging of a material produced by exposure to corrosive environments or by cathodic polarization. It can also be used to determine fundamental properties of materials in terms of hydrogen diffusion (for example, diffusivity of hydrogen) and the effects of metallurgical, processing, and environmental variables on diffusion of hydrogen in metals.  
5.2 The data obtained from hydrogen permeation tests can be combined with other tests related to hydrogen embrittlement or hydrogen induced cracking to ascertain critical levels of hydrogen flux or hydrogen content in the material for cracking to occur.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice gives a procedure for the evaluation of hydrogen uptake, permeation, and transport in metals using an electrochemical technique which was developed by Devanathan and Stachurski.2 While this practice is primarily intended for laboratory use, such measurements have been conducted in field or plant applications. Therefore, with proper adaptations, this practice can also be applied to such situations.  
1.2 This practice describes calculation of an effective diffusivity of hydrogen atoms in a metal and for distinguishing reversible and irreversible trapping.  
1.3 This practice specifies the method for evaluating hydrogen uptake in metals based on the steady-state hydrogen flux.  
1.4 This practice gives guidance on preparation of specimens, control and monitoring of the environmental variables, test procedures, and possible analyses of results.  
1.5 This practice can be applied in principle to all metals and alloys which have a high solubility for hydrogen, and for which the hydrogen permeation is measurable. This method can be used to rank the relative aggressivity of different environments in terms of the hydrogen uptake of the exposed metal.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Apr-2018
ICS
77.040.01 - Testing of metals in general
Technical Committee
G01 - Corrosion of Metals
Drafting Committee
G01.11 - Electrochemical Measurements in Corrosion Testing
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM G96-90(2018) - Standard Guide for Online Monitoring of Corrosion in Plant Equipment (Electrical and Electrochemical Methods)
Effective Date
01-May-2018

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ASTM G148-97(2018) - Standard Practice for Evaluation of Hydrogen Uptake, Permeation, and Transport in Metals by an Electrochemical TechniqueASTM G148-97(2018) - Standard Practice for Evaluation of Hydrogen Uptake, Permeation, and Transport in Metals by an Electrochemical Technique
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ASTM G148-97(2018) - Standard Practice for Evaluation of Hydrogen Uptake, Permeation, and Transport in Metals by an Electrochemical Technique
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: G148 − 97 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Practice for
Evaluation of Hydrogen Uptake, Permeation, and Transport
1
in Metals by an Electrochemical Technique
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G148; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
3
1.1 This practice gives a procedure for the evaluation of 2.1 ASTM Standards:
hydrogen uptake, permeation, and transport in metals using an G96Guide for Online Monitoring of Corrosion in Plant
electrochemical technique which was developed by Devana- Equipment (Electrical and Electrochemical Methods)
2
than and Stachurski. While this practice is primarily intended
for laboratory use, such measurements have been conducted in 3. Terminology
field or plant applications. Therefore, with proper adaptations,
3.1 Definitions:
this practice can also be applied to such situations.
3.1.1 charging, n—method of introducing atomic hydrogen
into the metal by galvanostatic charging (constant charging
1.2 This practice describes calculation of an effective diffu-
sivity of hydrogen atoms in a metal and for distinguishing current), potentiostatic charging (constant electrode potential),
free corrosion, or gaseous exposure.
reversible and irreversible trapping.
3.1.2 charging cell, n—compartment in which hydrogen
1.3 This practice specifies the method for evaluating hydro-
atoms are generated on the specimen surface. This includes
gen uptake in metals based on the steady-state hydrogen flux.
both aqueous and gaseous charging.
1.4 This practice gives guidance on preparation of
3.1.3 decay current, n—decay of the hydrogen atom oxida-
specimens, control and monitoring of the environmental
tion current due to a decrease in charging current.
variables, test procedures, and possible analyses of results.
3.1.4 Fick’s second law, n—second order differential equa-
1.5 This practice can be applied in principle to all metals
tion describing the concentration of diffusing specie as a
and alloys which have a high solubility for hydrogen, and for
function of position and time. The equation is of the form
which the hydrogen permeation is measurable. This method
]C x,t /]t5]/]xD ]/]x C x,t for lattice diffusion in one di-
~ ! @ ~ !#
1
can be used to rank the relative aggressivity of different
mensionwherediffusivityisindependentofconcentration.See
environments in terms of the hydrogen uptake of the exposed
3.2 for symbols.
metal.
3.1.5 hydrogen flux, n—the amount of hydrogen passing
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
through the metal specimen per unit area as a function of time.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
The units are typically concentration per unit area per unit
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
time.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.1.6 hydrogen uptake, n—the concentration of hydrogen
3 3
absorbed into the metal (for example, g/cm or mol/cm ).
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.7 irreversible trap, n—microstructural site at which a
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
hydrogen atom has a infinite or extremely long residence time
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
compared to the time-scale for permeation testing at the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
relevant temperature, as a result of a binding energy which is
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
large relative to the migration energy for diffusion.
3.1.8 mobile hydrogen atoms, n—hydrogen atoms that are
associated with sites within the lattice.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion
ofMetalsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeG01.11onElectrochemi-
cal Measurements in Corrosion Testing.
3
Current edition approved May 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Last previous For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
edition approved in 2011 as G148–97 (2011). DOI:10.1520/G0148-97R18. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
Devanathan, M.A.V., and Stachurski, Z., Proceedings of Royal Society, A270, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
90–102, 1962. the ASTM website.
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