ASTM C1444-00

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Angle of Repose of Free-Flowing Mold Powders (Withdrawn 2005)

SCOPE
1.1 Particle size, shape, and bulk density will affect the flowability of powder material. This test method is used for the determination of the angle of repose of free-flowing mold powders. At angles greater than this value this material will flow.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units and degrees are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information only.
1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
Particle size, shape, and bulk density will affect the flowability of powder material. This test method is used for the determination of the angle of repose of free-flowing mold powders. At angles greater than this value this material will flow.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee C08 on Refractories, this test method was withdrawn without replacement in December 2005 due to limited use by industry.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 09-Oct-2000
• Withdrawal Date: 14-Dec-2005
• ICS: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.03 - Physical Properties

Relations

• Referred By: ASTM D4020-18 - Standard Specification for Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Molding and Extrusion Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2000
• Referred By: ASTM F2396-11(2019) - Standard Guide for Construction of High Performance Sand-Based Rootzones for Athletic Fields
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2000

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C1444–00
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Angle of Repose of Free-Flowing Mold
Powders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1444; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.3 Stopper, sized to fit the funnel discharge spout opening.
4.4 Base Plate, flat, rigid, wooden or metal, at least 12 in.
1.1 Particle size, shape, and bulk density will affect the
(30.5 cm) by 12 in. (30.5 cm).
flowability of powder material.This test method is used for the
4.5 Glazed Paper,
determination of the angle of repose of free-flowing mold
4.6 Calculator, with trigonometric functions.
powders. At angles greater than this value this material will
4.7 Calipers, with measuring range up to 12 in. (30.5 cm) to
flow.
60.01 in. (0.025 cm).
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units and degrees are to
4.8 Block, with height of 1.5 in. (3.81 cm).
be regarded as standard. The values stated in parentheses are
for information only.
5. Procedure
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 Obtain approximately a 1-lb (454 g) sample of the mold
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
powder. The sample should be homogeneous and representa-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tive of the bulk material. Place in a jar container 30 to 50 %
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
larger than the sample to allow for remixing.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.2 Measure the internal diameter of the funnel discharge
2. Referenced Documents spout in inches to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.025 cm).
5.3 Place the ring stand with funnel on a sheet of glazed
2.1 ASTM Standards:
paper on the base plate. Level the base plate along two
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
perpendicular horizontal axes.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
5.4 Place the height block in position under the funnel,
E 1169 Guide for Conducting Ruggedness Tests
adjust the funnel until the nozzle contacts the height block,
3. Significance and Use lock the funnel in position, and remove the height block.
5.5 Insert the stopper into the funnel nozzle.
3.1 This test method indicates the ability of a mold powder
5.6 Feed the mold powder into the funnel until nearly full.
to flow freely.
5.7 Remove the stopper from the funnel and continue
3.2 The property of powder flow is an important property
adding the mold powder into the funnel at a rate similar to its
for the correct functioning of a mold powder. Good powder
discharge rate. When the tip of the mold powder cone forming
flow properties help to ensure complete coverage of the molten
on the base plate enters the funnel nozzle, stop feeding the
steel in the mold by the mold powder providing, in addition to
mold powder into the funnel.
other benefits, insulation of the molten steel.
5.8 Using the calipers, measure the diameter of the cone in
4. Apparatus
fourplacestothenearest0.05in.(0.13cm).Averagethesefour
test observations and record this test determination to the
4.1 Funnel, with a discharge spout opening between 0.25 in.
nearest 0.05 in. (0.13 cm).
(0.64 cm) and 0.38 in. (0.97 cm) with a capacity to hold
5.9 Return the tested specimen to the jar container and
approximately 0.25 lb (113.5 g) to 0.50 lb (227.2 g) of mold
remix to homogenize. Repeat 5.2-5.8 two more times and
powder.
record the three test determinations as D , D , and D .
4.2 Ring Stand, with one ring, sized to hold the funnel. 1 2 3
6. Calculation
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
6.1 Calculate the test result as follows:
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical
Angle of repose 5 tan 2H/ D 2d! (1)
Properties. @ ~ #
A
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2000. Published December 2000. Originally
published as C 1444 – 99. Last previous edition C 1444 – 99. where:
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C1444–00
8.2 Interlaboratory Data—An interlaboratory round robin
H = height of the cone 1.5 in. (3.81 cm),
was conducted in 2000 using the current procedure, in which
D = average, to the nearest 0.10 in. (0.254 cm) of the
A
five laboratories determined the angle of repose of a free-
three test determinations, D , D , and D from 5.9,
1 2 3
flowing mold powder. Each laboratory used two different
and
operators. Each operator calculated the test result for angle of
d =
...