ASTM E721-07
(Guide)Standard Guide for Determining Neutron Energy Spectra from Neutron Sensors for Radiation-Hardness Testing of Electronics
Standard Guide for Determining Neutron Energy Spectra from Neutron Sensors for Radiation-Hardness Testing of Electronics
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
It is important to know the energy spectrum of the particular neutron source employed in radiation-hardness testing of electronic devices in order to relate radiation effects with device performance degradation.
This guide describes the factors which must be considered when the spectrum adjustment methodology is chosen and implemented. Although the selection of sensors (foils) and the determination of responses (activities) is discussed in Guide E 720, the experiment should not be divorced from the analysis. In fact, it is advantageous for the analyst conducting the spectrum determination to be closely involved with the design of the experiment to ensure that the data obtained will provide the most accurate spectrum possible. These data include the following : (1) measured responses such as the activities of foils exposed in the environment and their uncertainties, (2) response functions such as reaction cross sections along with appropriate correlations and uncertainties, (3) the geometry and materials in the test environment, and (4) a trial function or prior spectrum and its uncertainties obtained from a transport calculation or from previous experience.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures for determining the energy-differential fluence spectra of neutrons used in radiation-hardness testing of electronic semiconductor devices. The types of neutron sources specifically covered by this guide are fission or degraded energy fission sources used in either a steady-state or pulse mode.
1.2 This guide provides guidance and criteria that can be applied during the process of choosing the spectrum adjustment methodology that is best suited to the available data and relevant for the environment being investigated.
1.3 This guide is to be used in conjunction with Guide E 720 to characterize neutron spectra and is used in conjunction with Practice E 722 to characterize damage-related parameters normally associated with radiation-hardness testing of electronic-semiconductor devices. Note 1Although Guide E 720 only discusses activation foil sensors, any energy-dependent neutron-responding sensor for which a response function is known may be used ().Note 2
For terminology used in this guide, see Terminology E 170.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:E721–07
Standard Guide for
Determining Neutron Energy Spectra from Neutron Sensors
1
for Radiation-Hardness Testing of Electronics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E721; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope E170 TerminologyRelatingtoRadiationMeasurementsand
Dosimetry
1.1 This guide covers procedures for determining the
E261 Practice for Determining Neutron Fluence, Fluence
energy-differential fluence spectra of neutrons used in
Rate, and Spectra by Radioactivation Techniques
radiation-hardness testing of electronic semiconductor devices.
E262 Test Method for Determining Thermal Neutron Reac-
The types of neutron sources specifically covered by this guide
tion Rates and Thermal Neutron Fluence Rates by Radio-
are fission or degraded energy fission sources used in either a
activation Techniques
steady-state or pulse mode.
E263 Test Method for Measuring Fast-Neutron Reaction
1.2 This guide provides guidance and criteria that can be
Rates by Radioactivation of Iron
applied during the process of choosing the spectrum adjust-
E264 Test Method for Measuring Fast-Neutron Reaction
ment methodology that is best suited to the available data and
Rates by Radioactivation of Nickel
relevant for the environment being investigated.
E265 Test Method for Measuring Reaction Rates and Fast-
1.3 This guide is to be used in conjunction with Guide E720
Neutron Fluences by Radioactivation of Sulfur-32
to characterize neutron spectra and is used in conjunction with
E266 Test Method for Measuring Fast-Neutron Reaction
Practice E722 to characterize damage-related parameters nor-
Rates by Radioactivation of Aluminum
mally associated with radiation-hardness testing of electronic-
E393 Test Method for Measuring Reaction Rates byAnaly-
semiconductor devices.
sis of Barium-140 From Fission Dosimeters
NOTE 1—Although Guide E720 only discusses activation foil sensors,
E523 Test Method for Measuring Fast-Neutron Reaction
any energy-dependent neutron-responding sensor for which a response
Rates by Radioactivation of Copper
2
function is known may be used (1).
E526 Test Method for Measuring Fast-Neutron Reaction
NOTE 2—For terminology used in this guide, see Terminology E170.
Rates by Radioactivation of Titanium
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
E704 Test Method for Measuring Reaction Rates by Radio-
standard.
activation of Uranium-238
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E705 Test Method for Measuring Reaction Rates by Radio-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
activation of Neptunium-237
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E720 Guide for Selection and Use of Neutron Sensors for
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Determining Neutron Spectra Employed in Radiation-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Hardness Testing of Electronics
E722 Practice for Characterizing Neutron Fluence Spectra
2. Referenced Documents
inTerms of an Equivalent Monoenergetic Neutron Fluence
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
for Radiation-Hardness Testing of Electronics
E844 Guide for Sensor Set Design and Irradiation for
1
Reactor Surveillance, E 706(IIC)
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E10 on Nuclear
Technology and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
E944 Guide for Application of Neutron Spectrum Adjust-
E10.07 on Radiation Dosimetry for Radiation Effects on Materials and Devices.
ment Methods in Reactor Surveillance, E 706 (IIA)
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2007. Published March 2007. Originally
E1018 Guide for Application of ASTM Evaluated Cross
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E721 – 01. DOI:
10.1520/E0721-07. Section Data File, Matrix E 706 (IIB)
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
E1297 Test Method for Measuring Fast-Neutron Reaction
this guide.
Rates by Radioactivation of Niobium
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E721–07
E1855 Test Method for Use of 2N2222A Silicon Bipolar response functions such as
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