ASTM C1565-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Pack-Set Index of Portland and Blended Hydraulic Cements
Standard Test Method for Determination of Pack-Set Index of Portland and Blended Hydraulic Cements
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method is intended to help manufacturers determine the relative pack-set tendency of their cement(s). The test establishes a pack-set index which, when properly correlated with field performance, is useful in predicting or preventing field unloading difficulties.
5.2 The test is an aid to routine control during cement production and is not suitable for specification purposes.
5.3 In general, field performance of cement flowability is satisfactory when the pack-set index as determined on freshly ground cement averages 0 to 15 and is unsatisfactory when the index exceeds 25. Any prediction of field performance of cement flowability measuring 16 to 25 is tenable. These are general ranges and the field performance of individual cements may not necessarily fall within these ranges. Additional conditions, after the cement has left the control of the manufacturing facility, can affect the apparent pack set index as well.
5.4 Any attempt to apply the critical range of pack-set index numbers based on freshly ground cement to job cement without special treatment of the sample would be problematic. The test is a “GO-NO GO” type of test and should not be used for specification purposes.
5.5 The pack-set index of field cement can be evaluated in terms of the pack-set index ranges of that cement as determined when freshly-ground. This comparison can aid the manufacturer in producing cement that offers the best field performance for pack-set properties.
5.6 Silo storage of cement may result in a greater amount of consolidation than this method is designed to induce, and the resulting forces required to overcome that consolidation are not measured by this test method.
5.7 Pack set is not to be confused with “warehouse set” which results from surface hydration of the cement from adsorbed moisture.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pack-set index, which provides an indication of the mechanical force needed to overcome the consolidation of portland and blended hydraulic cements.
1.2 The pack-set index number provides a numerical value useful for manufacturers who desire to measure and control the effect that vibration-induced consolidation has upon the manufactured cement.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Values stated in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the rules of Conversion and rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WARNING —Fresh hydraulic-cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)2
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: C1565 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Pack-Set Index of Portland and Blended
1
Hydraulic Cements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1565; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pack-
C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for
setindex,whichprovidesanindicationofthemechanicalforce
Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical
needed to overcome the consolidation of portland and blended
Testing of Hydraulic Cements
hydraulic cements.
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 International System of Units (SI) The
1.2 The pack-set index number provides a numerical value
Modernized Metric System
useful for manufacturers who desire to measure and control the
3. Terminology
effect that vibration-induced consolidation has upon the manu-
factured cement. 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 pack set, n—a condition of hydraulic cement, exhib-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
ited in varying degrees, following silo storage or transport in
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
bulk railcars or trucks, that causes the cement to resist flowing
standard. Values stated in SI units shall be obtained by
until considerable mechanical effort has been applied.
measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using
3.1.2 pack-set index, n—the numerical indication of the
the rules of Conversion and rounding given in Standard
degree of pack set a particular cement exhibits when subjected
IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units.
to the procedures of this test method.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.3 peak voltage, n— as pertaining to this method only,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the energy in volts applied to consolidate the sample, which
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
results in the maximum pack-set index for a particular cement
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
and the apparatus used for the measurement.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Method
(WARNING —Fresh hydraulic-cementitious mixtures are
caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon
4.1 Portland or blended hydraulic cement is placed into a
2
prolonged exposure.)
flask and then consolidated on a vibrating table by a vibration
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- force controlled by time and volts. The consolidated bed is
measured for relative strength by turning the flask to a
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the horizontal position and rotating in 180° increments until the
bed collapses from the bottom of the flask. The number of half
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
turns is a relative indication of the force required to overcome
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
the consolidation and is designated the pack-set index, or P.S.I.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This method is intended to help manufacturers deter-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C01 on Cement
mine the relative pack-set tendency of their cement(s).The test
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.20 on Additions.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originally
3
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C1565 – 09. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/C1565-17. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
Section on Safety, Manual of Cement Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Standards, Vol 04.01. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C1565 − 17
establishes a pack-set index which, when properly correlated 6.6 Vibration energy delivered by the table is related to the
with field performance, is useful in predicting or preventing proper handling and adjustment of the table. See Section 7 for
field unloading difficulties. details.
5.2 The test is an aid to rou
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1565 − 09 C1565 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Pack-Set Index of Portland Cementand
1
Blended Hydraulic Cements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1565; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pack-set index, which provides an indication of the mechanical force
needed to overcome the consolidation of portland cement.and blended hydraulic cements.
1.2 The pack-set index number provides a numerical value useful for manufacturers who desire to measure and control the effect
that vibration-induced consolidation has upon the manufactured cement.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Values stated in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the rules of Conversion
and rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WARNING—Fresh hydraulic-cementitious mixtures are caustic and may
2
cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical Testing of
Hydraulic Cements
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 International System of Units (SI) The Modernized Metric System
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 pack set, n—a condition of hydraulic cement, exhibited in varying degrees, following silo storage or transport in bulk
railcars or trucks, that causes the cement to resist flowing until considerable mechanical effort has been applied.
3.1.2 pack-set index, n—the numerical indication of the degree of pack set a particular cement exhibits when subjected to the
procedures of this test method.
3.1.3 peak voltage, n— as pertaining to this method only, the energy in volts applied to consolidate the sample, which results
in the maximum pack-set index for a particular cement and the apparatus used for the measurement.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Portland or blended hydraulic cement is placed into a flask and then consolidated on a vibrating table by a vibration force
controlled by time and volts. The consolidated bed is measured for relative strength by turning the flask to a horizontal position
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.20 on Additions.
Current edition approved June 1, 2009Dec. 1, 2017. Published July 2009December 2017. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 as
C1565 – 04.C1565 – 09. DOI: 10.1520/C1565-09.10.1520/C1565-17.
2
Section on Safety, Manual of Cement Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1565 − 17
and rotating in 180° increments until the bed collapses from the bottom of the flask. The number of half turns is a relative indication
of the force required to overcome the consolidation and is designated the pack-set index, or P.S.I.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This method is intended to help manufacturers determine the relative
...
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