ASTM F2067-22
(Practice)Standard Practice for Development and Use of Oil-Spill Trajectory Models
Standard Practice for Development and Use of Oil-Spill Trajectory Models
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Trajectory models are used to predict the future movement and fate of oil (forecast mode) in contingency planning, in exercises and during real spill events. This information is used for planning purposes to position equipment and response personnel in order to optimize a spill response. Oil-spill trajectory models are used in the development of scenarios for training and exercises. The use of models allows the scenario designer to develop incidents and situations in a realistic manner.
3.2 Oil-spill trajectory models can be used in a statistical manner (stochastic mode) to identify the areas that may be impacted by oil spills.
3.3 In those cases where the degree of risk at various locations from an unknown source is needed, trajectory models can be used in an inverse mode to identify the sources of the pollution (hindcast mode).
3.4 Models can also be used to examine habitats, shorelines, or areas to predict if they would be hit with oil from a given source (receptor mode).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the features and processes that should be included in an oil-spill trajectory and fate model.
1.2 This practice applies only to oil-spill models and does not consider the broader need for models in other fields. This practice considers only computer-based models, and not physical modeling of oil-spill processes.
1.3 This practice is applicable to all types of oil in oceans, lakes, and rivers under a variety of environmental and geographical conditions.
1.4 This practice applies primarily to two-dimensional models. Consideration is given to three-dimensional models for complex flow regimes.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2067 − 22
Standard Practice for
1
Development and Use of Oil-Spill Trajectory Models
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2067; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
1.1 This practice describes the features and processes that 3.1 Trajectory models are used to predict the future move-
should be included in an oil-spill trajectory and fate model. ment and fate of oil (forecast mode) in contingency planning,
in exercises and during real spill events. This information is
1.2 This practice applies only to oil-spill models and does
used for planning purposes to position equipment and response
not consider the broader need for models in other fields. This
personnel in order to optimize a spill response. Oil-spill
practice considers only computer-based models, and not physi-
trajectory models are used in the development of scenarios for
cal modeling of oil-spill processes.
training and exercises. The use of models allows the scenario
1.3 This practice is applicable to all types of oil in oceans,
designer to develop incidents and situations in a realistic
lakes, and rivers under a variety of environmental and geo-
manner.
graphical conditions.
3.2 Oil-spill trajectory models can be used in a statistical
1.4 This practice applies primarily to two-dimensional mod-
manner (stochastic mode) to identify the areas that may be
els. Consideration is given to three-dimensional models for
impacted by oil spills.
complex flow regimes.
3.3 In those cases where the degree of risk at various
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
locations from an unknown source is needed, trajectory models
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
can be used in an inverse mode to identify the sources of the
standard.
pollution (hindcast mode).
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.4 Models can also be used to examine habitats, shorelines,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
or areas to predict if they would be hit with oil from a given
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
source (receptor mode).
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 4. Modelling Methods
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 Models simulate the movement of oil on water, calcu-
lates the various weathering processes and considers the
2. Terminology
interaction of the oil with the shoreline. The input data needed
2.1 Definitions:
by the model includes area maps, oil properties, and spatial and
2.1.1 trajectory model—a computer-based program that pre- temporal vectors of wind and ocean currents. In some models,
dicts the motion and fate of oil on water as a function of time.
there are separate programs for advection and fate. In some
2.1.1.1 Discussion—Input parameters include oil properties,
cases, the fate models calculate weathering on the total mass of
weather, and oceanographic information. There are four differ-
theoilratherthanonindividualparticles.Somemodelsinclude
ent modes: forecast, hindcast, stochastic, and receptor.
response strategies (skimming, burning, dispersing, and so
forth) and the effect of these on the mass balance.
2.1.2 contingency planning—planning of several types to
prepare for oil spills.
4.2 Thecomputermodelcalculatesthesurfacefateoftheoil
2.1.2.1 Discussion—This planning can include modeling
using physical and chemical properties of the oil and weath-
suchasdescribedinthisguide,topredictwhereoilspillsmight
ering algorithms.
go and what the fate and properties of that oil would be.
4.3 The output of a model is a map showing oil-slick
locations as a function of time, and graphs and tables of the
weathering of the oil and mass balance.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
4.4 The output of the model is subject to uncertainties,
F20.16 on Surveillance and Tracking.
primarily caused by uncertainties in the input data from
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally
forecast winds and predicted ocean currents.The model should
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as F2067 – 19. DOI:
10.1520/F2067–22. include an estimate of the magnitude of these uncertainties. It
Copyright © AS
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2067 − 19 F2067 − 22
Standard Practice for
1
Development and Use of Oil-Spill Trajectory Models
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2067; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice describes the features and processes that should be included in an oil-spill trajectory and fate model.
1.2 This practice applies only to oil-spill models and does not consider the broader need for models in other fields. This practice
considers only computer-based models, and not physical modeling of oil-spill processes.
1.3 This practice is applicable to all types of oil in oceans, lakes, and rivers under a variety of environmental and geographical
conditions.
1.4 This practice applies primarily to two-dimensional models. Consideration is given to three-dimensional models for complex
flow regimes.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Terminology
2.1 Definitions:
2.1.1 trajectory model—a computer-based program that predicts the motion and fate of oil on water as a function of time.
2.1.1.1 Discussion—
Input parameters include oil properties, weather, and oceanographic information. There are four different modes: forecast, hindcast,
stochastic, and receptor.
2.1.2 contingency planning—planning of several types to prepare for oil spills.
2.1.2.1 Discussion—
This planning can include modeling such as described in this guide, to predict where oil spills might go and what the fate and
properties of that oil would be.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Trajectory models are used to predict the future movement and fate of oil (forecast mode) in contingency planning, in exercises
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F20.16
on Surveillance and Tracking.
Current edition approved July 1, 2019Nov. 1, 2022. Published July 2019December 2022. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20132019 as
F2067 – 13.F2067 – 19. DOI: 10.1520/F2067–19.10.1520/F2067–22.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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F2067 − 22
and during real spill events. This information is used for planning purposes to position equipment and response personnel in order
to optimize a spill response. Oil-spill trajectory models are used in the development of scenarios for training and exercises. The
use of models allows the scenario designer to develop incidents and situations in a realistic manner.
3.2 Oil-spill trajectory models can be used in a statistical manner (stochastic mode) to identify the areas that may be impacted by
oil spills.
3.3 In those cases where the degree of risk at various locations from an unknown source is needed, trajectory models can be used
in an inverse mode to identify the sources of the pollution (hindcast mode).
3.4 Models can also be used to examine habitats, shorelines, or areas to predict if they would be hit with oil from a given source
(receptor mode).
4. Modelling Methods
4.1 Models simulate the movement of oil on water, calculates the various weathering processes and considers the interaction of
the oil with the shoreline. The input data needed by the model includes area maps, oil properties, and spatial and temporal vectors
of wind and ocean currents. In some models, there are separate programs for advection and fate. In some cases, the fate models
calculate weathering on the total mass of the oil rather than on individual particles. Some models include response strategies
(skimming, burning, dispersing, and so forth) and the effect of these on the mass balance.
4.2 The computer model calculates the surface fate of the oil using physical and chemical properties of the oil and weathering
algorithms.
4.3 The output of a model
...
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