ASTM C1419-14(2020)

Standard Test Method for Sonic Velocity in Refractory Materials at Room Temperature and Its Use in Obtaining an Approximate Young's Modulus

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to determine the sonic velocity and approximate Young's modulus of refractory shapes at room temperature. Since this test is nondestructive, specimens may be used for other tests as desired.  
5.2 This test method is useful for research and development, engineering application and design, manufacturing quality and process control, and for developing purchasing specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for measuring the sonic velocity in refractory materials at room temperature. The sonic velocity can be used to obtain an approximate value for Young's modulus.  
1.2 The sonic velocity may be measured through the length, thickness, and width of the specimen.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2020
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.01 - Strength

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C1419-14 - Standard Test Method for Sonic Velocity in Refractory Materials at Room Temperature and Its Use in Obtaining an Approximate Young’s Modulus
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2020
• Refers: ASTM C885-87(2020) - Standard Test Method for Young’s Modulus of Refractory Shapes by Sonic Resonance
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2020
• Refers: ASTM C179-14(2019) - Standard Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2019
• Refers: ASTM C179-14 - Standard Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2014
• Refers: ASTM E177-14 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
• Effective Date: 01-May-2014
• Refers: ASTM E177-13 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
• Effective Date: 01-May-2013
• Refers: ASTM E691-13 - Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• Effective Date: 01-May-2013
• Refers: ASTM C885-87(2012) - Standard Test Method for Young's Modulus of Refractory Shapes by Sonic Resonance
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2012
• Refers: ASTM E691-11 - Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2011
• Refers: ASTM C179-11 - Standard Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2011
• Refers: ASTM E177-10 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2010
• Refers: ASTM C134-95(2010) - Standard Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements, and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating Firebrick
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2010
• Refers: ASTM C179-09 - Standard Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2009
• Refers: ASTM C769-09 - Standard Test Method for Sonic Velocity in Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Materials for Use in Obtaining Young's Modulus
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2009
• Refers: ASTM E177-08 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008

Overview

ASTM C1419-14(2020) is a standard test method developed by ASTM International for determining the sonic velocity in refractory materials at room temperature and using that data to obtain an approximate value for Young's modulus. This nondestructive testing method enables users to measure critical physical properties of refractory shapes without causing damage, making it possible to conduct additional tests on the same specimens. The method applies precise procedures to evaluate material performance in quality control, research, design, and procurement contexts.

Key Topics

• Sonic Velocity Measurement: The standard outlines a method to measure the rate at which sound waves travel through refractory materials. The velocity is ascertained by dividing the test specimen’s length by the pulse travel time using specialized ultrasonic equipment.
• Approximate Young’s Modulus Calculation: By using measured sonic velocity and specimen density, an approximate value for Young’s modulus (modulus of elasticity) is calculated, providing insight into the stiffness of the material.
• Nondestructive Testing: Since the test does not alter or damage the specimen, it supports further physical or mechanical testing, offering a resource-efficient approach.
• Test Specimen and Apparatus: The method specifies the specimen’s form (typically prismatic with parallel faces), preparation requirements (drying and cooling), and equipment (ultrasonic pulse generator, transducers, oscilloscope).
• Data Reporting and Precision: The standard requires clear reporting of specimen size, density, sonic velocity, and calculated modulus, as well as statistical repeatability and reproducibility information.

Applications

ASTM C1419-14(2020) provides significant value in several practical areas:

• Research and Development: Enables material scientists and engineers to characterize new refractory compositions, optimizing properties such as strength and resilience.
• Engineering Design: Assists engineers in selecting refractory materials suitable for high-temperature industrial applications, such as furnaces, kilns, and reactors, where material integrity is critical.
• Manufacturing Quality and Process Control: Facilitates routine inspection and control of product quality, ensuring consistency in mechanical properties throughout production batches.
• Purchasing Specifications: Offers a standardized approach for specifying and verifying the quality and stiffness of refractory products during procurement, reducing the risk of substandard materials in critical infrastructure.

Related Standards

This standard references several related ASTM and international standards that may be relevant to users:

• ASTM C134 - Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements, and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick
• ASTM C179 - Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
• ASTM C769 - Test Method for Sonic Velocity in Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Materials
• ASTM C885 - Test Method for Young’s Modulus of Refractory Shapes by Sonic Resonance
• IEEE/ASTM SI10 - American National Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI)
• ASTM E177 - Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
• ASTM E691 - Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method

Practical Value

Utilizing ASTM C1419-14(2020) ensures that laboratories, manufacturers, and users of refractory materials can efficiently evaluate key mechanical properties with accuracy and repeatability. The method supports material selection, compliance, and performance monitoring in high-temperature industrial environments, while preserving valuable test specimens for ongoing analysis. By adhering to internationally recognized standardization principles, it also aligns with global trade and procurement requirements, supporting seamless communication and product acceptance.

Keywords: ASTM C1419, sonic velocity, refractories, Young's modulus, nondestructive testing, quality control, refractory material testing, modulus of elasticity, industrial standards, material characterization.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1419 − 14 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Method for
Sonic Velocity in Refractory Materials at Room Temperature
and Its Use in Obtaining an Approximate Young’s Modulus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1419; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C885Test Method for Young’s Modulus of Refractory
Shapes by Sonic Resonance
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for measuring
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
the sonic velocity in refractory materials at room temperature.
ASTM Test Methods
The sonic velocity can be used to obtain an approximate value
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
for Young’s modulus.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.2 Thesonicvelocitymaybemeasuredthroughthelength,
IEEE/ASTM SI10American National Standard for Use of
thickness, and width of the specimen.
theInternationalSystemofUnits(SI):TheModernMetric
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as System
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3. Terminology
standard.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 longitudinalsonicpulse,n—asonicpulseinwhichthe
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
displacements are in the direction of propagation of the pulse.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2 pulse travel time, (T), n—the total time, measured in
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
t
microseconds, required for the sonic pulse to traverse the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
specimenbeingtested,andfortheassociatedelectronicsignals
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
to traverse the circuits of the pulse propagation circuitry.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.3 zero time, (T ), n—the travel time (correction factor),
o
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
measured in microseconds, associated with the electronic
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
circuits in the pulse-propagation system.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 The velocity of sound waves passing through the test
specimen is determined by measuring the distance through the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
specimen and dividing by the time lapse between the transmit-
C134Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements,
3,4
ted pulse and the received pulse. An approximate value for
and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating
Young’s modulus can be obtained as follows:
Firebrick
C179Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of
E 5 ρv (1)
Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
where:
C769Test Method for Sonic Velocity in Manufactured
E = Young’s modulus of elasticity, Pa,
Carbon and Graphite Materials for Use in Obtaining an
ρ = density, kg/m , and
Approximate Value of Young’s Modulus
v = signal velocity, m/s.
4.2 Strictly speaking, the elastic constant given by this
measurement is not E but C , provided the sonic pulse is
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.01 on Strength.
longitudinal and the direction of propagation is along the axis
3,4
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2020. Published September 2020. Originally
of symmetry.
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C1419– 14. DOI:
10.1520/C1419-14R20.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Schreiber, Anderson, and Soga, Elastic Constants and Their Measurement,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM McGraw-HillBookCo.,1221AvenueoftheAmericas,NewYork,NY10020,1973.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on AmericanInstituteofPhysicsHandbook,3rded.,McGraw-HillBookCo.,1221
the ASTM website. Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020, 1972, pp. 3–98ff.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1419 − 14 (2020)
5. Significance and Use width, and thickness shall be parallel. The smallest dimension
shall be greater than five times the diameter of the largest
5.1 This test method is used to determine the sonic velocity
aggregate in the refractory.The surface on which the transduc-
and approximate Young’s modulus of refractory shapes at
ers will be located must have a width of at least 1.5 times the
room temperature. Since this test is nondestructive, specimens
diameter of the transducer being used.
may be used for other tests as desired.
7.2 Dry the specimens in an oven at 110°C for a minimum
5.2 Thistestmethodisusefulforresearchanddevelopment,
of5h.Cooltoroomtemperature.Testforsonicvelocitywithin
engineering application and design, manufacturing quality and
5 h of drying.
process control, and for developing purchasing specifications.
7.3 MeasurementofDensityandDimensions—Calculatethe
6. Apparatus
density of the specimens byTest Methods C134 and determine
6.1 Driving Circuit, which consists of an ultrasonic pulse the specimen lengths by either Test Methods C134 or C179.
generator capable of producing pulses in a frequency range
from 0.5 to 2.5 MHz. 8. Procedure
6.2 Transducer, input.
8.1 Assemble and connect the apparatus as shown in Fig. 1
and refer to the equipment manufacturer’s instructions for
6.3 Transducer, output.
hook-up precautions. If using commercially available equip-
6.4 Oscilloscope, dual trace with a preamplifier and time
ment designed to measure sonic velocity, refer to the manu-
delay circuity.
facturer’s set-up and operating instructions. Allow adequate
6.5 See Fig. 1 for a typical set-up.
time for the test apparatus to warm up and stabilize.
8.2 Provide a suitable coupling medium on the transd
...