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ASTM D6671/D6671M-04e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Mixed Mode I-Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites

Standard Test Method for Mixed Mode I-Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites

SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of interlaminar fracture toughness, Gc, of continuous fiber-reinforced composite materials at various Mode I to Mode II loading ratios using the Mixed-Mode Bending (MMB) Test.
1.2 This test method is limited to use with composites consisting of unidirectional carbon fiber tape laminates with brittle and tough single-phase polymer matrices. This test method is further limited to the determination of fracture toughness as it initiates from a delamination insert. This limited scope reflects the experience gained in round robin testing. This test method may prove useful for other types of toughness values and for other classes of composite materials; however, certain interferences have been noted (see Section ). This test method has been successfully used to test the toughness of both glass fiber composites and adhesive joints.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
15-Jul-2004
ICS
19.060 - Mechanical testing
83.120 - Reinforced plastics
Technical Committee
D30 - Composite Materials
Drafting Committee
D30.06 - Interlaminar Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6671-01 - Standards Test Method for Mixed Mode I-Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
Effective Date
16-Jul-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D6671/D6671M-06 - Standard Test Method for Mixed Mode I-Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D4762-18 - Standard Guide for Testing Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Effective Date
16-Jul-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6856/D6856M-03(2016) - Standard Guide for Testing Fabric-Reinforced “Textile” Composite Materials
Effective Date
16-Jul-2004

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ASTM D6671/D6671M-04e1 - Standard Test Method for Mixed Mode I-Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix CompositesASTM D6671/D6671M-04e1 - Standard Test Method for Mixed Mode I-Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
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ASTM D6671/D6671M-04e1 - Standard Test Method for Mixed Mode I-Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation:D6671/D6671M–04
Standard Test Method for
Mixed Mode I-Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of
1
Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6671/D 6671M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
Note—The equation defining “crack length correction parameter” was editorially corrected in section 3.3
and the year date was changed on July 16, 2004.
1
e NOTE—The same “crack length correction parameter” equation was editorially corrected in section 8.4 in August 2004.
1. Scope D 2651 Guide for Preparation of Metal Surfaces for Adhe-
sive Bonding
1.1 This test method describes the determination of inter-
D 2734 Test Methods for Void Content of Reinforced Plas-
laminar fracture toughness, G , of continuous fiber-reinforced
c
tics
composite materials at various Mode I to Mode II loading
D 3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
ratios using the Mixed-Mode Bending (MMB) Test.
Materials
1.2 This test method is limited to use with composites
D 3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
consisting of unidirectional carbon fiber tape laminates with
D 5229/D 5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption
brittle and tough single-phase polymer matrices. This test
Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Ma-
method is further limited to the determination of fracture
trix Composite Materials
toughness as it initiates from a delamination insert. This
D 5528 Test Method for Mode I Interlaminar Fracture
limited scope reflects the experience gained in round robin
Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer
testing. This test method may prove useful for other types of
Matrix Composites
toughness values and for other classes of composite materials;
E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
however, certain interferences have been noted (see Section 6).
E 6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
This test method has been successfully used to test the
ing
toughness of both glass fiber composites and adhesive joints.
E 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
With a Specified Tolerable Error, the Average for a
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Characteristic of a Lot or Process
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
ASTM Test Methods
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
E 456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Terminology D 3878 defines terms relating to high-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
modulus fibers and their composites. Terminology D 883
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
defines terms relating to plastics. Terminology E 6 defines
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
terms relating to mechanical testing. Terminology E 456 and
2. Referenced Documents PracticeE 177definetermsrelatingtostatistics.Intheeventof
2 conflict between terms, Terminology D 3878 shall have prece-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
dence over the other terminology standards.
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 crack opening mode (Mode I)—fracture mode in
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
which the delamination faces open away from each other and
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.06 on
no relative crack face sliding occurs.
Interlaminar Properties.
3.2.2 crack sliding mode (Mode II)—fracture mode in
Current edition approved July 16, 2004. Published July 2004. Originally
approvedin2001.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2003asD 6671/D 6671M – 03.
which the delamination faces slide over each other in the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
direction of delamination growth and no relative crack face
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
opening occurs.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
e1
D6671/D6671M–04
3.2.3
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ASTM D6671/D6671M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Mixed Mode I-Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites

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5.1 Susceptibility to delamination is one of the major weaknesses of many advanced laminated composite structures. Knowledge of the interlaminar fracture resistance of composites is useful for product development and material selection. Since delaminations can be subjected to and extended by loadings with a wide range of mode mixtures, it is important that the composite toughness be measured at various mode mixtures. The toughness contour, in which fracture toughness is plotted as a function of mode mixtures (see Fig. 3), is useful for establishing failure criterion used in damage tolerance analyses of composite structures made from these materials.
FIG. 3 Mixed-Mode Summary Graph  
5.2 This test method can serve the following purposes:  
5.2.1 To establish quantitatively the effects of fiber surface treatment, local variations in fiber volume fraction, and processing and environmental variables on Gc of a particular composite material at various mode mixtures,  
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5.2.3 To develop delamination failure criteria for composite damage tolerance and durability analyses.  
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5.3.1 Delamination Initiation—Two values of delamination initiation shall be reported: (1) at the point of deviation from linearity in the load-displacement curve (NL) and (2) at the point at which the compliance has increased by 5 % or the load has reached a maximum value (5%/max) depending on which occurs first along the load deflection curve (see Fig. 4). Each definition of delamination initiation is associated with its own value of Gc and  GII/G calculated from the load at the corresponding critical point. The 5%/Max  Gc value is typically the most reproducible of the three Gc values. The NL value is, however, the more conservative number. When the option of collecting ...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of interlaminar fracture toughness, Gc, of continuous fiber-reinforced composite materials at various Mode I to Mode II loading ratios using the Mixed-Mode Bending (MMB) Test.  
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1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
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ASTM D6671/D6671M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Mixed Mode I-Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Susceptibility to delamination is one of the major weaknesses of many advanced laminated composite structures. Knowledge of the interlaminar fracture resistance of composites is useful for product development and material selection. Since delaminations can be subjected to and extended by loadings with a wide range of mode mixtures, it is important that the composite toughness be measured at various mode mixtures. The toughness contour, in which fracture toughness is plotted as a function of mode mixtures (see Fig. 3), is useful for establishing failure criterion used in damage tolerance analyses of composite structures made from these materials.
FIG. 3 Mixed-Mode Summary Graph  
5.2 This test method can serve the following purposes:  
5.2.1 To establish quantitatively the effects of fiber surface treatment, local variations in fiber volume fraction, and processing and environmental variables on Gc of a particular composite material at various mode mixtures,  
5.2.2 To compare quantitatively the relative values of Gc versus mode mixture for composite materials with different constituents, and  
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5.3.1 Delamination Initiation—Two values of delamination initiation shall be reported: (1) at the point of deviation from linearity in the load-displacement curve (NL) and (2) at the point at which the compliance has increased by 5 % or the load has reached a maximum value (5%/max) depending on which occurs first along the load deflection curve (see Fig. 4). Each definition of delamination initiation is associated with its own value of Gc and  GII/G calculated from the load at the corresponding critical point. The 5%/Max  Gc value is typically the most reproducible of the three Gc values. The NL value is, however, the more conservative number. When the option of collecting ...
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5.1 This test method can be used to determine whether the amount of draindown measured for a given asphalt mixture is within specified acceptable levels. The test provides an evaluation of the draindown potential of an asphalt mixture during mixture design and/or during field production. This test is primarily used for mixtures with high coarse aggregate content such as porous asphalt (open-graded friction course) and stone matrix asphalt (SMA).
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of draindown in an uncompacted asphalt mixture sample when the sample is held at elevated temperatures comparable to those encountered during the production, storage, transport, and placement of the mixture. The test is particularly applicable to mixtures such as porous asphalt (open-graded friction course) and stone matrix asphalt (SMA).  
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Standard Test Methods for Preformed Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete Construction (Nonextruding and Resilient Types)

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3.1 The compression resistance perpendicular to the faces, the resistance to the extrusion during compression, and the ability to recover after release of the load are indicative of a joint filler's ability to continuously fill a concrete expansion joint and thereby prevent damage that might otherwise occur during thermal expansion. The asphalt content is a measure of the fiber-type joint filler's durability and life expectancy. In the case of cork-type fillers, the resistance to water absorption and resistance to boiling hydrochloric acid are relative measures of durability and life expectancy.
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1.1 These test methods cover the physical properties associated with preformed expansion joint fillers. The test methods include:    
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This specification covers asphalt plank used for bridge decks as well as for industrial floors. Asphalt planks shall be classified according to usage: Type Ia; Type Ib; and Type II. Asphalt plank shall be formed from a mixture of asphalt, fibers, modifiers, or a combination thereof, and mineral filler in such a manner as to produce a uniformly dense mass. The following test methods shall be intended to measure those attributes necessary to measure the ability of asphalt plank to provide a reasonably long and satisfactory service: absorption; brittleness; dimensions; and hardness.
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