ASTM D6277-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene in Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy
Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene in Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Benzene is a compound that endangers health, and the concentration is limited by environmental protection agencies to produce a less toxic gasoline.
This test method is fast, simple to run, and inexpensive.
This test method is applicable for quality control in the production and distribution of spark-ignition engine fuels.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percentage of benzene in spark-ignition engine fuels. It is applicable to concentrations from 0.1 to 5 volume %.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D6277 −07
StandardTest Method for
Determination of Benzene in Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels
1
Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6277; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
E168Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quanti-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the per-
tative Analysis
centage of benzene in spark-ignition engine fuels. It is appli-
E1655 Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative
cable to concentrations from 0.1 to 5 volume %.
Analysis
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
E2056Practice for Qualifying Spectrometers and Spectro-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
photometers for Use in Multivariate Analyses, Calibrated
standard.
Using Surrogate Mixtures
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.1 multivariate calibration—a process for creating a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
calibrationmodelinwhichmultivariatemathematicsisapplied
to correlate the absorbances measured for a set of calibration
2. Referenced Documents
samples to reference component concentrations or property
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
values for the set of samples.
D1298Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The resultant multivariate calibration
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
modelisappliedtotheanalysisofspectraofunknownsamples
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
to provide an estimate of the component concentration or
D4052Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
property values for the unknown sample.
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
3.1.1.2 Discussion—Included in the multivariate calibration
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
algorithms are Partial Least Squares, Multilinear Regression,
Petroleum Products
and Classical Least Squares Peak Fitting.
D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
3.1.2 oxygenate—an oxygen-containing organic compound
Petroleum Products
which may be used as a fuel or fuel supplement, for example,
D4307Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as
various alcohols and ethers.
Analytical Standards
D5769Test Method for Determination of Benzene,Toluene,
4. Summary of Test Method
and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasolines by Gas
4.1 Asampleofspark-ignitionenginefuelisintroducedinto
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
aliquidsamplecell.Abeamofinfraredlightisimagedthrough
D5842Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for
the sample onto a detector, and the detector response is
Volatility Measurement
determined.Wavelengthsofthespectrum,thatcorrelatehighly
D5854Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
with benzene or interferences, are selected for analysis using
selective bandpass filters or by mathematically selecting areas
1 of the whole spectrum. A multivariate mathematical analysis
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
converts the detector response for the selected areas of the
D02.04.0F on Absorption Spectroscopic Methods.
spectrum of an unknown to a concentration of benzene.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published December 2007. Originally
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D6277–01(2006).
5. Significance and Use
DOI: 10.1520/D6277-07.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.1 Benzene is a compound that endangers health, and the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
concentration is limited by environmental protection agencies
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. to produce a less toxic gasoline.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D6277−07
5.2 This test method is fast, simple to run, and inexpensive. 7.2.1 Transmission Cells, shall have windows of potassium
bromide, zinc selenide, or other material having a significant
5.3 This test method is applicable for quality control in t
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D 6277–01 (Reapproved 2006) Designation: D 6277 – 07
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Benzene in Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels
1
Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6277; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percentage of benzene in spark-ignition engine fuels. It is applicable to
concentrations from 0.1 to 5 volume %.
1.2SI units of measurement are preferred and used throughout this standard.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1298 TestMethodforDensity,RelativeDensity(SpecificGravity),orAPIGravityofCrudePetroleumandLiquidPetroleum
Products by Hydrometer Method
D4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards
D5769 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasolines by Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
E168 Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quantitative Analysis
E1655 Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative Analysis
E2056 Practice for Qualifying Spectrometers and Spectrophotometers for Use in Multivariate Analyses, Calibrated Using
Surrogate Mixtures
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 multivariate calibration—a process for creating a calibration model in which multivariate mathematics is applied to
correlate the absorbances measured for a set of calibration samples to reference component concentrations or property values for
the set of samples.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The resultant multivariate calibration model is applied to the analysis of spectra of unknown samples to
provide an estimate of the component concentration or property values for the unknown sample.
3.1.1.2 Discussion—Included in the multivariate calibration algorithms are Partial Least Squares, Multilinear Regression, and
Classical Least Squares Peak Fitting.
3.1.2 oxygenate—an oxygen-containing organic compound which may be used as a fuel or fuel supplement, for example,
various alcohols and ethers.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.04.0F
on Absorption Spectroscopic Methods.
Current edition approved Dec.Nov. 1, 2006.2007. Published JanuaryDecember 2007. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20012006 as
D6277–01.D6277–01(2006).
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6277–07
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Asample of spark-ignition engine fuel is introduced into a liquid sample cell.Abeam of infrared light is imaged through
the sample onto a detector, and the detector response is determined. Wavelengths of the spectrum, that correlate highly with
benzeneorinterferences,areselectedforanalysisusingselectivebandpassfiltersorbymathematicallyselectingareasofthewhole
spectrum.Amultivariatemathematicalanalysisconvertsthedetectorresponsefortheselectedareasofthespectrumofanunknown
to a concentration of benzene.
5. Significance and Use
5.1
...
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