ASTM D7873-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Oxidation Stability and Insolubles Formation of Inhibited Turbine Oils at 120 °C Without the Inclusion of Water (Dry TOST Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Oxidation Stability and Insolubles Formation of Inhibited Turbine Oils at 120 °C Without the Inclusion of Water (Dry TOST Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Insoluble material may form in oils that are subjected to oxidizing conditions.
5.2 Significant formation of oil insolubles or metal corrosion products, or both, during this test may indicate that the oil will form insolubles or corrode metals, or both, resulting in varnish formation during field service. The level of varnish formation in service will be dependent on many factors (turbine design, reservoir temperature, duty-cycle, for example. peaking, cycling, or base-load duty, maintenance, and so forth) and a direct correlation between results in this test and field varnish formation are yet to be established.
5.3 Oxidation condition at 120 °C under accelerated oxidation environment of Test Method D4310 and measurement of sludge and RPVOT value could reflect a practical oil quality in actual turbine operations. Results from this test should be used together with other key lubricant performance indicators (including other established oxidation and corrosion tests) to indicate suitability for service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to evaluate the sludging tendencies of steam and gas turbine lubricants during the oxidation process in the presence of oxygen and metal catalyst (copper and iron) at an elevated temperature. This test method may be used to evaluate industrial oils (for example, circulating oils and so forth).
1.2 This test method is a modification of Test Method D4310 where the sludging and corrosion tendencies of the same kinds of oils are determined after 1000 h at 95 °C in the presence of water. Water is omitted in this modification.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3.1 Exception—The values in parentheses in some of the figures are provided for information only for those using old equipment based on non-SI units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D7873 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Oxidation Stability and Insolubles
Formation of Inhibited Turbine Oils at 120 °C Without the
1
Inclusion of Water (Dry TOST Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7873; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This test method is used to evaluate the sludging
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
tendencies of steam and gas turbine lubricants during the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
oxidation process in the presence of oxygen and metal catalyst
(copper and iron) at an elevated temperature. This test method
2. Referenced Documents
may be used to evaluate industrial oils (for example, circulat-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ing oils and so forth).
A510M Specification for General Requirements for Wire
1.2 This test method is a modification of Test Method
Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel (Metric)
D4310 where the sludging and corrosion tendencies of the 3
(Withdrawn 2011)
same kinds of oils are determined after 1000 h at 95 °C in the
B1 Specification for Hard-Drawn Copper Wire
presence of water. Water is omitted in this modification.
D943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as Mineral Oils
standard. D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
1.3.1 Exception—The values in parentheses in some of the D2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Tur-
figures are provided for information only for those using old bine Oils by Rotating Pressure Vessel
equipment based on non-SI units. D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D4310 Test Method for Determination of Sludging and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Corrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral Oils
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
E230/E230M Specification for Temperature-Electromotive
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
2.2 Other Standards:
regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause
4
Specification for IP Standard Thermometers
serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been dem-
ISO 3696 Water for Analytical Laboratory Use—
onstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials.
5
Specification and Test Methods
Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing
products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
3. Terminology
for additional information. The potential exists that selling
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited
3.1.1 sludge, n—a precipitate or sediment from oxidized
by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales
mineral oil that is insoluble in n-heptane.
in their location.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
1 3
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of www.astm.org.
4
Subcommittee D02.09.0C on Oxidation of Turbine Oils. Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
Current edition approved July 1, 2022. Published July 2022. Originally approved U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.
5
in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D7873 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/ Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
D7873-22. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7873 − 22
4. Summary of Test Method suitable opaque materials
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7873 − 20 D7873 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Oxidation Stability and Insolubles
Formation of Inhibited Turbine Oils at 120 °C Without the
1
Inclusion of Water (Dry TOST Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7873; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method is used to evaluate the sludging tendencies of steam and gas turbine lubricants during the oxidation process
in the presence of oxygen and metal catalyst (copper and iron) at an elevated temperature. This test method may be used to evaluate
industrial oils (for example, circulating oils and so forth).
1.2 This test method is a modification of Test Method D4310 where the sludging and corrosion tendencies of the same kinds of
oils are determined after 1000 h at 95 °C in the presence of water. Water is omitted in this modification.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3.1 Exception—The values in parentheses in some of the figures are provided for information only for those using old equipment
based on non-SI units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious
medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution
when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional
information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national
law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.09.0C on Oxidation of Turbine Oils.
Current edition approved July 1, 2020July 1, 2022. Published July 2020July 2022. Originally approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 20172020 as D7873 – 13
(2017).D7873 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/D7873-20.10.1520/D7873-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7873 − 22
A510M Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel (Metric) (Withdrawn
3
2011)
B1 Specification for Hard-Drawn Copper Wire
D943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oils
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Turbine Oils by Rotating Pressure Vessel
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4310 Test Method for Determination of Sludging and Corrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral Oils
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E230/E230M Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
2.2 Other Standards:
4
Specification for IP Standard Thermometers
5
ISO 3696 Water for Analytical Laboratory Use—Specification and Test Methods
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 sludge, n—a precipitate or sediment from oxidized mineral oil that is insoluble in n-heptane.n-heptane.
4. Summary of Test Met
...
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