ASTM B213-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
Standard Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The rate and uniformity of die cavity filling are related to flow properties, which thus influence production rates and uniformity of compacted parts.
5.2 The ability of a powder to flow is a function of interparticle friction. As interparticle friction increases, flow is slowed. Fine powders may not flow. Some powders, often fine powders and lubricated powder mixtures, may not flow through the Hall Flowmeter funnel. Nevertheless, if a larger orifice is provided, such as in the Carney Flowmeter funnel of Test Method B964, a meaningful flow rate may be determined, providing specific information for certain applications.
5.3 Test Method B213, using the Hall Flowmeter funnel, is the preferred method for determining the flowability of metal powders and powder mixtures. The Carney Flowmeter funnel of Method B964 should only be used when powder will not flow through the Hall Flowmeter funnel.
5.4 Humidity and moisture content influence flow rate. Wet or moist powders may not flow.
5.5 These test methods are based on flow of a specified mass of powder. If flow of a specific volume of powder is preferred, Test Method B855 may be used for powders that flow readily through the Hall Flowmeter funnel.
5.6 This test method may be part of the purchase agreement between powder manufacturers and powder metallurgy (PM) part producers, or it can be an internal quality control test by either the producer or the end user.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of a flow rate, by the use of the Hall Flowmeter funnel of metal powders and powder mixtures. It is suitable only for those powders that will flow unaided through the Hall Flowmeter funnel.
1.2 With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice, the values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only, and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: B213 − 17
Standard Test Methods for
Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter
1
Funnel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B213; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* B964 Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using
the Carney Funnel
1.1 This test method covers the determination of a flow rate,
by the use of the Hall Flowmeter funnel of metal powders and
3. Terminology
powder mixtures. It is suitable only for those powders that will
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of powder metallurgy terms
flow unaided through the Hall Flowmeter funnel.
can be found in Terminology B243.
1.2 With the exception of the values for density and the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram
3.2.1 Hall flow rate (FR ), n—the time required for a metal
H
3
per cubic centimetre (g/cm ) and gram (g) units is the long-
powder sample of specified mass to flow through the orifice in
standingindustrypractice,thevaluesininch-poundunitsareto
a Hall Flowmeter funnel according to a specified procedure.
be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
4. Summary of Test Method
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
information only, and are not considered standard.
4.1 Aweighed mass (50.0 g) of metal powder is timed as it
flowsthroughtheorificeofacalibratedHallFlowmeterfunnel.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 The rate and uniformity of die cavity filling are related
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
to flow properties, which thus influence production rates and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
uniformity of compacted parts.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5.2 The ability of a powder to flow is a function of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
interparticle friction.As interparticle friction increases, flow is
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
slowed. Fine powders may not flow. Some powders, often fine
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
powders and lubricated powder mixtures, may not flow
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
through the Hall Flowmeter funnel. Nevertheless, if a larger
orifice is provided, such as in the Carney Flowmeter funnel of
2. Referenced Documents
Test Method B964, a meaningful flow rate may be determined,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
providing specific information for certain applications.
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
5.3 Test Method B213, using the Hall Flowmeter funnel, is
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
the preferred method for determining the flowability of metal
B855 Test Method for Volumetric Flow Rate of Metal
powders and powder mixtures. The Carney Flowmeter funnel
Powders Using the Arnold Meter and Hall Flowmeter
of Method B964 should only be used when powder will not
Funnel
flow through the Hall Flowmeter funnel.
5.4 Humidity and moisture content influence flow rate. Wet
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
or moist powders may not flow.
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of B09.02 on
Base Metal Powders.
5.5 Thesetestmethodsarebasedonflowofaspecifiedmass
Current edition approved April 1, 2017. Published April 2017. Originally
of powder. If flow of a specific volume of powder is preferred,
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as B213 – 13. DOI:
Test Method B855 may be used for powders that flow readily
10.1520/B0213-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or through the Hall Flowmeter funnel.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.6 This test method may be part of the purchase agreement
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. between powder manufacturers and powder metallurgy (PM)
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B213 − 17
FIG. 2 Stand
6.2 The dimensions shown for the flowmeter funnel, includ-
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B213 − 13 B213 − 17
Standard Test Methods for
Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter
1
Funnel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B213; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of a flow rate, by the use of the Hall Flowmeter funnel of metal powders and
powder mixtures. It is suitable only for those powders that will flow unaided through the Hall Flowmeter funnel.
1.2 With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic
3
centimetercentimetre (g/cm ) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice, the values in inch-pound units are to be
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information
only, and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B855 Test Method for Volumetric Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Arnold Meter and Hall Flowmeter Funnel
B964 Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Carney Funnel
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of powder metallurgy terms can be found in Terminology B243.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
), n—the time required for a metal powder sample of specified mass to flow through the orifice in a
3.2.1 Hall flow rate (FR
H
Hall Flowmeter funnel according to a specified procedure.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A weighed mass (50.0 g) of metal powder is timed as it flows through the calibrated orifice of a calibrated Hall Flowmeter
funnel.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The rate and uniformity of die cavity filling are related to flow properties, which thus influence production rates and
uniformity of compacted parts.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of B09.02 on Base
Metal Powders.
Current edition approved April 1, 2013April 1, 2017. Published June 2013April 2017. Originally approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 20112013 as
B213 – 11.B213 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/B0213-13.10.1520/B0213-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B213 − 17
5.2 The ability of a powder to flow is a function of interparticle friction. As interparticle friction increases, flow is slowed. Fine
powders may not flow. Some powders, often fine powders and lubricated powder mixtures, may not flow through the Hall
Flowmeter funnel. Nevertheless, if a larger orifice is provided, such as in the Carney Flowmeter funnel of Test Method B964, a
meaningful flow rate may be determined, providing specific information for certain applications.
5.3 Test Method B213, using the Hall Flowmeter funnel, is the preferred method for determining the flowability of metal
powders and powder mixtures. The Carney Flowmeter funnel of Method B964 should only be used when powder will not flow
through the Hall Flowmeter funnel.
5.4 Humidity and moisture content influence flow rate. Wet or moist powders may not flow.
5.5 These test me
...
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