ASTM B213-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
Standard Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The rate and uniformity of die cavity filling are related to flow properties, which thus influence production rates and uniformity of compacted parts.
5.2 The ability of a powder to flow is a function of interparticle friction. As interparticle friction increases, flow is slowed. Fine powders may not flow. Some powders, often fine powders and lubricated powder mixtures, may not flow through the Hall Flowmeter funnel. Nevertheless, if a larger orifice is provided, such as in the Carney Flowmeter funnel of Test Methods B964, a meaningful flow rate may be determined, providing specific information for certain applications.
5.3 Test Methods B213, using the Hall Flowmeter funnel, are the preferred methods for determining the flowability of metal powders and powder mixtures. The Carney Flowmeter funnel of Test Methods B964 should only be used when powder will not flow through the Hall Flowmeter funnel.
5.4 Humidity and moisture content influence flow rate. Wet or moist powders may not flow.
5.5 These test methods are based on flow of a specified mass of powder. If flow of a specific volume of powder is preferred, Test Method B855 may be used for powders that flow readily through the Hall Flowmeter funnel.
5.6 This test method may be part of the purchase agreement between powder manufacturers and powder metallurgy (PM) part producers, or it can be an internal quality control test by either the producer or the end user.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of a flow rate, by the use of the Hall Flowmeter funnel of metal powders and powder mixtures. It is suitable only for those powders that will flow unaided through the Hall Flowmeter funnel.
1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice, the values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only, and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B213 − 20
Standard Test Methods for
Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter
1
Funnel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B213; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* B964 Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using
the Carney Funnel
1.1 This test method covers the determination of a flow rate,
by the use of the Hall Flowmeter funnel of metal powders and
3. Terminology
powder mixtures. It is suitable only for those powders that will
flow unaided through the Hall Flowmeter funnel. 3.1 Definitions—Definitions of powder metallurgy terms
can be found in Terminology B243.
1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for density and
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the
3
3.2.1 Hall flow rate (FR ), n—the time required for a metal
H
gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm ) and gram (g) units is the
powder sample of specified mass to flow through the orifice in
long-standing industry practice, the values in inch-pound units
a Hall Flowmeter funnel according to a specified procedure.
are to be regarded as standard.The values given in parentheses
are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
4. Summary of Test Method
information only, and are not considered standard.
4.1 Aweighed mass (50.0 g) of metal powder is timed as it
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
flowsthroughtheorificeofacalibratedHallFlowmeterfunnel.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 The rate and uniformity of die cavity filling are related
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
to flow properties, which thus influence production rates and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
uniformity of compacted parts.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5.2 The ability of a powder to flow is a function of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
interparticle friction.As interparticle friction increases, flow is
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
slowed. Fine powders may not flow. Some powders, often fine
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
powders and lubricated powder mixtures, may not flow
through the Hall Flowmeter funnel. Nevertheless, if a larger
2. Referenced Documents
orifice is provided, such as in the Carney Flowmeter funnel of
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Test Methods B964, a meaningful flow rate may be
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
determined, providing specific information for certain applica-
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
tions.
B855 Test Method for Volumetric Flow Rate of Metal
5.3 Test Methods B213, using the Hall Flowmeter funnel,
Powders Using the Arnold Meter and Hall Flowmeter
are the preferred methods for determining the flowability of
Funnel
metal powders and powder mixtures. The Carney Flowmeter
funnel of Test Methods B964 should only be used when
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on
powder will not flow through the Hall Flowmeter funnel.
Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
5.4 Humidity and moisture content influence flow rate. Wet
Current edition approved April 1, 2020. Published April 2020. Originally
or moist powders may not flow.
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as B213 – 17. DOI:
10.1520/B0213-20.
5.5 Thesetestmethodsarebasedonflowofaspecifiedmass
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
of powder. If flow of a specific volume of powder is preferred,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Test Method B855 may be used for powders that flow readily
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. through the Hall Flowmeter funnel.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B213 − 17 B213 − 20
Standard Test Methods for
Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter
1
Funnel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B213; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of a flow rate, by the use of the Hall Flowmeter funnel of metal powders and
powder mixtures. It is suitable only for those powders that will flow unaided through the Hall Flowmeter funnel.
1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram
3
per cubic centimetre (g/cm ) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice, the values in inch-pound units are to be
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information
only, and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B855 Test Method for Volumetric Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Arnold Meter and Hall Flowmeter Funnel
B964 Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Carney Funnel
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of powder metallurgy terms can be found in Terminology B243.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
), n—the time required for a metal powder sample of specified mass to flow through the orifice in a
3.2.1 Hall flow rate (FR
H
Hall Flowmeter funnel according to a specified procedure.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A weighed mass (50.0 g) (50.0 g) of metal powder is timed as it flows through the orifice of a calibrated Hall Flowmeter
funnel.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The rate and uniformity of die cavity filling are related to flow properties, which thus influence production rates and
uniformity of compacted parts.
1
ThisThese test method ismethods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and isare the direct responsibility
of Subcommittee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
Current edition approved April 1, 2017April 1, 2020. Published April 2017April 2020. Originally approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 20132017 as
B213 – 13.B213 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/B0213-17.10.1520/B0213-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B213 − 20
5.2 The ability of a powder to flow is a function of interparticle friction. As interparticle friction increases, flow is slowed. Fine
powders may not flow. Some powders, often fine powders and lubricated powder mixtures, may not flow through the Hall
Flowmeter funnel. Nevertheless, if a larger orifice is provided, such as in the Carney Flowmeter funnel of Test MethodMethods
B964, a meaningful flow rate may be determined, providing specific information for certain applications.
5.3 Test MethodMethods B213, using the Hall Flowmeter funnel, isare the preferred methodmethods for determining the
flowability of metal powders and powder mixtures. The Carney Flowmeter funnel of Method Test Methods B964 should only be
used when powder will not flow through the Hall Flowmeter funnel.
5.4 Humidit
...
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