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ASTM D1879-06(2023)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Exposure of Adhesive Specimens to Ionizing Radiation

Standard Practice for Exposure of Adhesive Specimens to Ionizing Radiation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The procedures outlined in this practice are designed to standardize the exposure of adhesive-bonded specimens for the purpose of studying the effects of ionizing radiation, but have been made flexible enough so that a large variety of conditions may be met within the scope of this one irradiation method. Because of this flexibility in the procedures, it is important that the experimenter have some idea of the kind of changes that will occur, and of the conditions that will affect these changes.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this practice is to define conditions for the exposure of polymeric adhesives in bonded specimens to ionizing radiation prior to determination of radiation-induced changes in physical or chemical properties. This recommended practice specifically covers the following kinds of radiation: gamma or X-ray radiation, electron or beta radiation, neutrons, and mixtures of these such as reactor radiation.  
1.2 This practice specifies only the conditions of irradiation but does not cover the preparation of test specimens, testing conditions, or the evaluation of test. These are covered in the various ASTM methods or specifications for specific materials.  
1.3 This practice covers procedures for the following five types of exposure:
Procedure A—Exposure at ambient conditions.
Procedure B—Exposure at controlled temperature.
Procedure C—Exposure in a medium other than air.
Procedure D—Exposure under load.
Procedure E—Exposure combining two or more of the variables listed in Procedures A to D.  
Note 1: The problems of measuring the properties of materials during irradiation involve shielding and remote control facilities and are, therefore, not considered in this practice.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5.1 Electrical Hazard: Warning—The users of this practice must be aware that there are inherent dangers associated with the use of electrical instrumentation and that this practice cannot and will not substitute for a practical knowledge of the instrument used for a particular procedure.  
1.5.2 Radio Frequency: Warning—Persons with pacemakers may be affected by the radio frequency.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Dec-2022
ICS
83.180 - Adhesives
Technical Committee
D14 - Adhesives
Drafting Committee
D14.80 - Metal Bonding Adhesives
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D1879-06(2023) - Standard Practice for Exposure of Adhesive Specimens to Ionizing RadiationASTM D1879-06(2023) - Standard Practice for Exposure of Adhesive Specimens to Ionizing Radiation
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ASTM D1879-06(2023) - Standard Practice for Exposure of Adhesive Specimens to Ionizing Radiation
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1879 − 06 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Practice for
1
Exposure of Adhesive Specimens to Ionizing Radiation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1879; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5.2 Radio Frequency: Warning—Persons with pacemak-
ers may be affected by the radio frequency.
1.1 The purpose of this practice is to define conditions for
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
the exposure of polymeric adhesives in bonded specimens to
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ionizing radiation prior to determination of radiation-induced
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
changesinphysicalorchemicalproperties.Thisrecommended
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
practice specifically covers the following kinds of radiation:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
gammaorX-rayradiation,electronorbetaradiation,neutrons,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
and mixtures of these such as reactor radiation.
1.2 This practice specifies only the conditions of irradiation
2. Referenced Documents
but does not cover the preparation of test specimens, testing
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
conditions, or the evaluation of test. These are covered in the
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
variousASTMmethodsorspecificationsforspecificmaterials.
D907Terminology of Adhesives
1.3 This practice covers procedures for the following five
D1672Practice for Exposure of Polymeric Materials to
types of exposure:
3
High-Energy Radiation (Withdrawn 1984)
Procedure A—Exposure at ambient conditions.
D2953Classification System for Polymeric Materials for
Procedure B—Exposure at controlled temperature.
3
Service in Ionizing Radiation (Withdrawn 1984)
Procedure C—Exposure in a medium other than air.
E170Terminology Relating to Radiation Measurements and
Procedure D—Exposure under load.
Dosimetry
Procedure E—Exposure combining two or more of the
E261Practice for Determining Neutron Fluence, Fluence
variables listed in Procedures A to D.
Rate, and Spectra by Radioactivation Techniques
E666Practice for CalculatingAbsorbed Dose From Gamma
NOTE 1—The problems of measuring the properties of materials during
irradiation involve shielding and remote control facilities and are,
or X Radiation
therefore, not considered in this practice.
E720Guide for Selection and Use of Neutron Sensors for
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Determining Neutron Spectra Employed in Radiation-
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
Hardness Testing of Electronics
information purposes only.
E2005Guide for Benchmark Testing of Reactor Dosimetry
in Standard and Reference Neutron Fields
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2
2.2 ISO/ASTM Standards:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ISO/ASTM 51261Guide for Selection and Calibration of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Dosimetry Systems for Radiation Processing
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ISO/ASTM 51649Practice for Dosimetry in an Electron
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Beam Facility for Radiation Processing at Energies Be-
1.5.1 Electrical Hazard: Warning—The users of this prac-
tween 300 keV and 25 MeV
tice must be aware that there are inherent dangers associated
ISO/ASTM 51702Practice for Dosimetry in Gamma Irra-
with the use of electrical instrumentation and that this practice
diation Facilities for Radiation Processing
cannot and will not substitute for a practical knowledge of the
ISO/ASTM 51818Practice for Dosimetry in an Electron
instrument used for a particular procedure.
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D14 on Adhesives For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.80 on Metal Bonding contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Adhesives. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2023. Published January 2023. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D1879–06 (2014). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/D1879-06R22. www.astm.org.
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...

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of comparative shear properties of gap-filling adhesives in wood-to-wood joints at specified thicknesses of bondline in the dry condition, when tested on standard specimens under specified conditions of preparation, conditioning, and loading in compression. This test method is intended as an evaluation of gap-filling adhesives such as those used to bond plywood to lumber, lumber to lumber, and other similar materials in building constructions.  
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4.1 The purpose of this classification system is to provide a method of identifying adhesives in order to give industry a system that can be used universally for materials. It further provides a means for specifying these materials by the use of the standards that are developed using this guide.  
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1.1 This guide provides a classification system for tabulating the properties of adhesives suitable for holding parts or assemblies together. The use of this guide also provides information necessary for the development of standard specifications for adhesives.  
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SCOPE
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ABSTRACT
This specification provides the means to measure and evaluate the performance of adhesives for structural or semistructural bonding of wood-to-wood in manufactured homes. Wood as used in this specification includes lumber, plywood, particleboard, gypsum board, and all materials having woodbased surfaces at the bondline. The adhesives can be classified according to resistance to deformation: Group A or structural, and Group B or semistructural. Also, the adhesives may be designated into three types, according to their recommended use based on their resistance to water and water vapor: Type 1 for interior and exterior use, Type 2 for weather-protected interior use, and Type 3 for interior use only. Different tests shall be performed in order to determine the following properties of adhesives: shear strength, gap-filling ability, total deformation resistance, moisture and temperature limitation during fabrication, high-temperature resistance, low-temperature resistance, moisture resistance, aging, oxidation resistance, and mold resistance.
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1.1 This specification provides the means to measure and evaluate the performance of adhesives for structural or semi-structural bonding of wood-to-wood in manufactured homes. Wood as used in this specification includes lumber, plywood, particleboard, gypsum board, and all materials having wood-based surfaces at the bondline. This specification does not cover other adhesives used in manufactured homes such as adhesives for carpet, floor tile, ceramic fixtures, plastic laminates, trim and millwork, and similar nonstructural applications.  
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4.1 Creep data that are obtained over a relatively short period of time in this test method can provide a measure of an adhesive bond's ability to withstand static loading in shear over a relatively long period of time. Creep measurements are made over a range of expected service conditions, including level of stress, temperature, relative humidity, and duration of load. Creep rate, creep strain, and creep modulus are calculated at the various service conditions.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of time-dependent properties of structural adhesives in wood-to-wood bonds when specimens are subjected to shearing stresses at various levels of static load, constant temperature, and relative humidity. Apparatus and procedures are provided for direct measurement of time-dependent shear deformation (creep) and time to failure of adhesive bonds under static load. Guidelines for selecting test conditions, methods for calculating creep rate, creep strain, creep modulus, and extrapolation of time to failure, are given along with methods of presenting these data.  
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This specification covers liquid optical adhesive for use in bonding glass to glass or other transparent adherends. The adhesive shall be in liquid form and free of solvent in order to avoid bubble formation in the adhesive layer. Each component shall be completely reactive. The adhesive may be heat-, catalyst-, or radiation-cured. Voltatility, color, viscosity, foreign particle content, refractive index, stability, light transmission, glass doublet preparation, environmental test, and bond strength tests shall be performed in accordance with the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers liquid optical adhesive for use in bonding glass to glass or other transparent adherends.  
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ASTM D1582-98(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Content of Liquid Phenol, Resorcinol, and Melamine Adhesives

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of nonvolatile content or total solids of liquid phenol, resorcinol, and melamine adhesives with or without hardener added and containing high-boiling and low-boiling volatile organic solvents or water, or both. The equipments to be used in the test shall include a petri dish, circulating-air oven, desiccator, and analytical balance. In determining the nonvolatile content of the liquid adhesives without hardener, the procedure shall include oven-drying, cooling in a desiccator, and weighing of adhesive and quartz sand . The percent nonvolatile content shall be calculated based on the amount remaining. On the other hand, the procedure for the liquid adhesives with hardener shall include oven-drying, cooling in a desiccator, and weighing of mixed adhesives. Also, the percent nonvolatile content shall be calculated based on the amount remaining.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of nonvolatile content or total solids of liquid phenol, resorcinol, and melamine adhesives with or without hardener (Note 1) added and containing high-boiling and low-boiling volatile organic solvents or water, or both.  
Note 1: Some low molecular weight materials in the adhesive may be lost if hardener is not used. When a hardener is used, it must be mixed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautions, see 5.2.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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