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ASTM D6749-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Air Pressure Method)

Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Air Pressure Method)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of pour point of petroleum products by an automatic apparatus that applies a slightly positive air pressure onto the specimen surface while the specimen is being cooled.
1.2 This test method is designed to cover the range of temperatures from -57 to +51°C; however, the range of temperatures included in the (1998) interlaboratory test program only covered the temperature range from -51 to -11°C.
1.3 Test results from this test method can be determined at either 1 or 3°C testing intervals.
1.4 This test method is not intended for use with crude oils.
Note 1—The applicability of this test method on residual fuel samples has not been verified. For further information on the applicability, refer to 13.4.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jan-2002
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.07 - Flow Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D6749-02(2007) - Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Air Pressure Method)
Effective Date
01-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM D396-21 - Standard Specification for Fuel Oils
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D8240-22e1 - Standard Specification for Less-Flammable Synthetic Ester Liquids Used in Electrical Apparatus
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D6074-15(2022) - Standard Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant Base Oils
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D2880-23 - Standard Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002

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ASTM D6749-02 - Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Air Pressure Method)ASTM D6749-02 - Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Air Pressure Method)
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ASTM D6749-02 - Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Air Pressure Method)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D6749–02
Standard Test Method for
Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Air Pressure
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6749; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method covers an alternative procedure for the determination of pour point of petroleum
products using an automatic apparatus.
1. Scope IP15 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
1.1 This test method covers the determination of pour point
3. Terminology
of petroleum products by an automatic apparatus that applies a
3.1 Definitions:
slightly positive air pressure onto the specimen surface while
3.1.1 pour point, n—in petroleum products, the lowest
the specimen is being cooled.
temperature at which movement of the test specimen is
1.2 This test method is designed to cover the range of
observed under prescribed conditions of test.
temperatures from −57 to +51°C; however, the range of
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
temperatures included in the (1998) interlaboratory test pro-
3.2.1 air pressure, n—a regulated slightly positive air pres-
gram only covered the temperature range from −51 to −11°C.
sure gently applied onto the specimen surface in the air-tight
1.3 Test results from this test method can be determined at
test jar that causes upward movement of the specimen in the
either 1 or 3°C testing intervals.
communicating tube, which has one end inserted into the test
1.4 This test method is not intended for use with crude oils.
specimen and the other end at atmospheric pressure.
NOTE 1—The applicability of this test method on residual fuel samples
3.2.2 no-flow point, n—in petroleum products, the tempera-
has not been verified. For further information on the applicability, refer to
tureofthetestspecimenatwhichawaxcrystalstructureofthe
13.4.
test specimen or viscosity increase, or both, impedes move-
1.5 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.
mentofthesurfaceofthetestspecimenundertheconditionsof
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the test.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The no-flow point occurs when, upon
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
cooling, the formation of wax crystal structures or viscosity
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
increase,orboth,hasprogressedtothepointwheretheapplied
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
observation device no longer detects movement under the
conditions of the test. The preceding observation temperature,
2. Referenced Documents
at which flow of the test specimen is last observed, is the pour
2.1 ASTM Standards:
point.
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and 4. Summary of Test Method
Petroleum Products
4.1 After inserting the test jar containing the specimen into
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
the automatic pour point apparatus and initiating the test
Petroleum Products
program, the specimen is automatically heated to the desig-
2.2 IP Standard:
nated temperature and then cooled at a controlled rate. At
temperature intervals of 1 or 3°C, depending on the selection
made by the user prior to the test, a slightly positive air
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
pressure is gently applied onto the surface of the specimen
Petroleum Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.07on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2002. Published March 2002.
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. AvailablefromInstituteofPetroleum,61NewCavendishSt.,London,England
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. W1G 7AR.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6749
which is contained in an air-tight test jar equipped with a
communicatingtube.Sinceoneendofthecommunicatingtube
is inserted into the specimen while the other end is maintained
at atmospheric pressure, a small amount of downward move-
ment or deformation of the specimen surface, as a result of the
application of air pressure, is observed by means of upward
movement of the specimen in the communicating tube. This
upward movement of the specimen is detected by a pressure
sensor which is installed at the atmospheric end of the
communicating tube. The lowest temperature at which defor-
mation of the specimen is observed upon application of air
pressure is recorded as the pour point, Test Method D6749.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Thepourpointofapetroleumproductisanindexofthe
lowest temperature of its utility for certain applications. Flow
characteristics, like pour point, can be critical for the correct
operation of lubricating systems, fuel systems, and pipeline
operations.
5.2 Petroleum blending operations require precise measure-
ment of the pour point.
5.3 Test results from this test method can be determined at
either 1 or 3°C intervals.
5.4 This test method yields a pour point in a format similar
to Test Method D97/IP15 when the 3°C interval results are
reported. However, when specification requires Test Method
D97/IP15, do not substitute this test method.
NOTE 2—Since some users may wish to report their results in a format
similar to Test Method D97/IP15 (in 3°C intervals), the precision data
were derived for the 3°C intervals. For statements on bias relative to Test
Method D97/IP15, see 13.3.1.
5.5 This test method has better repeatability and reproduc-
FIG. 1 Automatic Apparatus
ibility relative to Test Method D97/IP15 as measured in the
1998 interlaboratory test program.
a metallic tip shall be inserted from underneath the plastic cap
6. Apparatus
intotheroundholeinthecenterofthetestjarcap.Thetopend
6,7
6.1 Automatic Apparatus —The automatic pour point ap-
oftheroundholeisconnectedtoanairpressuresensorbyway
paratus described in this test method is a microprocessor
of a vinyl tube. To supply air pressure to the specimen’s
controlled apparatus that is capable of heating and cooling a
surface, a vinyl tube connected to an air syringe is located
specimen, applying air pressure onto the specimen’s surface,
adjacent to the glass tube through an orifice in the plastic cap.
detecting the specimen’s surface movement, and then comput-
When a specimen is to be tested, the test jar cap assembly is
ing and reporting the pour point (see Fig. 1). The detail is
installed on the test jar with the lower end of the glass tube
described in Annex A1.
insertedintothespecimeninthetestjar.Theglasstubeandthe
6.2 Test Jar, clear cylindrical glass with a flat bottom with
test jar form a communicating tube.Atemperature sensor in a
an approximate capacity of 12 mL. Approximately 4.5 mL of
smalldiametermetallicsheathshallbeinstalledinthecenterof
sample specimen is contained when filled to the scribed line.
the glass tube.
The test jar is fitted with a test jar cap assembly on its top to
6.4 Metallic Block Bath, a metallic block with a cylindrical
form an air chamber over the test specimen.
hole to fit the test jar. The metallic block assembly shall have
6.3 Test Jar Cap Assembly—Aplasticcapisinstalledontop
a provision for cooling/heating. A temperature sensor is em-
ofthetestjarwiththeprovisionofsealingair.Aglasstubewith
bedded in the metallic block to monitor its temperature.
7. Reagents and Materials
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Request RR:D02-1499.
Tanaka model MPC series Pour Point Analyzers available from Tanaka
7.1 Cleaning Agents,capableofcleaninganddryingthetest
ScientificLimited,Adachiku,Tokyo,Japan,havebeenfoundsuitableforuseinthis
test method.Various models included in this model series are differentiated by their
jar,temperaturesensor,andglasstubeaftereachtest.Chemical
cooling capacities or number of test heads, or both.
agents such as alcohol, petroleum-based solvents, and acetone
This pour point analyzer is covered by a patent. If you are aware of an
have been found suitable to use. (Warning—Flammable.)
alternative(s) to the patented item, please attach to your ballot return a description
of the alternatives. All the suggestions will be considered by the committee. (Warning—May be harmful by itself or when evaporated.)
D6749
8. Sampling 11.6 As the specimen temperature reaches a predetermined
temperature, which is dependent on the EPP, the automatic
8.1 Obtain a sample in accordance with Practice D4057 or
apparatus starts testing for no-flow state by applying air
by Practice D4177.
pressure to the specimen surface at the programmed testing
8.2 Samples of very viscous materials may be warmed until
interval. When the specimen is still in a fluid state, the
they are reasonably fluid before they are transferred; however,
specimen level moves up in the glass tube as air pressure is
no sample shall be heated more than is absolutely necessary.
applied on the specimen surface; when the specimen reaches a
The sample shall not be heated and transferred into the test jar
no-flow state, the specimen level does not move at all in the
unless its temperature is 70°C or lower.
glass tube. Upon detecting the no-flow point, the automatic
NOTE 3—In the event the sample has been heated above this tempera-
apparatuscomputesanddisplaysthepourpoint,whichist97he
ture, allow the sample to cool until its temperature is at least 70°C before
sum of the no-flow point temperature and the testing interval.
transferring.
Also, the automatic apparatus stops cooling and starts heating
9. Preparation of Apparatus the specimen.
11.6.1 Specimen Having Expected Pour Point Equal To or
9.1 Install the automatic apparatus for operation in accor-
Above +36°C—The automatic apparatus starts testing for the
dance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
no-flow state at EPP + 9°C.
9.2 Clean and dry the test jar, temperature sensor, and glass
...

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ASTM D6749-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Air Pressure Method)

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5.1 The pour point of a petroleum product is an index of the lowest temperature of its utility for certain applications. Flow characteristics, like pour point, can be critical for the correct operation of lubricating systems, fuel systems, and pipeline operations.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of pour point of petroleum products by an automatic apparatus that applies a slightly positive air pressure onto the specimen surface while the specimen is being cooled.  
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5.1 ASTM test methods are frequently intended for use in the manufacture, selling, and buying of materials in accordance with specifications and therefore should provide such precision that when the test is properly performed by a competent operator, the results will be found satisfactory for judging the compliance of the material with the specification. Statements addressing precision and bias are required in ASTM test methods. These then give the user an idea of the precision of the resulting data and its relationship to an accepted reference material or source (if available). Statements addressing determinability are sometimes required as part of the test method procedure in order to provide early warning of a significant degradation of testing quality while processing any series of samples.  
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1.1 This practice covers the necessary preparations and planning for the conduct of interlaboratory programs for the development of estimates of precision (determinability, repeatability, and reproducibility) and of bias (absolute and relative), and further presents the standard phraseology for incorporating such information into standard test methods.  
1.2 This practice is generally limited to homogeneous petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants with which serious sampling problems (such as heterogeneity or instability) do not normally arise.  
1.3 This practice may not be suitable for products with sampling problems as described in 1.2, solid or semisolid products such as petroleum coke, industrial pitches, paraffin waxes, greases, or solid lubricants when the heterogeneous properties of the substances create sampling problems. In such instances, consult a trained statistician.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4175-23a(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.  
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.  
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places:  (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6822-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Thermohydrometer Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Density and API gravity are used in custody transfer quantity calculations and to satisfy transportation, storage, and regulatory requirements. Accurate determination of density or API gravity of crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperatures of 15 °C or 60 °F.  
5.2 Density and API gravity are also factors that indicate the quality of crude petroleum. Crude petroleum prices are frequently posted against values in kg/m3 or in degrees API. However, this property of petroleum is an uncertain indication of its quality unless correlated with other properties.  
5.3 Field of Application—Because the thermohydrometer incorporates both the hydrometer and thermometer in one device, it is more applicable in field operations for determining density or API gravity of crude petroleum and other liquid petroleum products. The procedure is convenient for gathering main trunk pipelines and other field applications where limited laboratory facilities are available. The thermohydrometer method may have limitations in some petroleum density determinations. When this is the case, other methods such as Test Method D1298 (API MPMS Chapter 9.1) may be used.  
5.4 This procedure is suitable for determining the density, relative density, or API gravity of low viscosity, transparent or opaque liquids, or both. This procedure, when used for opaque liquids, requires the use of a meniscus correction (see 9.2). Additionally for both transparent and opaque fluids the readings shall be corrected for the thermal glass expansion effect and alternate calibration temperature effects before correcting to the reference temperature. This procedure can also be used for viscous liquids by allowing sufficient time for the thermohydrometer to reach temperature equilibrium.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination, using a glass thermohydrometer in conjunction with a series of calculations, of the density, relative density, or API gravity of crude petroleum, petroleum products, or mixtures of petroleum and nonpetroleum products normally handled as liquids and having a Reid vapor pressures of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) or less. Values are determined at existing temperatures and corrected to 15 °C or 60 °F by means of a series of calculations and international standard tables.  
1.2 The initial thermohydrometer readings obtained are uncorrected hydrometer readings and not density measurements. Readings are measured on a thermohydrometer at either the reference temperature or at another convenient temperature, and readings are corrected for the meniscus effect, the thermal glass expansion effect, alternate calibration temperature effects and to the reference temperature by means of calculations and Adjunct to D1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement Tables (API MPMS Chapter 11.1).  
1.3 Readings determined as density, relative density, or API gravity can be converted to equivalent values in the other units or alternate reference temperatures by means of Interconversion Procedures (API MPMS Chapter 11.5) or Adjunct to D1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement Tables (API MPMS Chapter 11.1), or both, or tables as applicable.  
1.4 The initial thermohydrometer reading shall be recorded before performing any calculations. The calculations required in Section 9 shall be applied to the initial thermohydrometer reading with observations and results reported as required by Section 11 prior to use in a subsequent calculation procedure (measurement ticket calculation, meter factor calculation, or base prover volume determination).  
1.5 Annex A1 contains a procedure for verifying or certifying the equipment of this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.6.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all o...

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ASTM
ASTM D7094-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Modified Continuously Closed Cup (MCCCFP) Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The flash point temperature is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties which must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.  
5.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials and for classification purposes. This definition may vary from regulation to regulation. Consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classifications.  
5.3 This test method can be used to measure and describe the properties of materials in response to heat and an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions and shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment, which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.  
5.4 Flash point can also indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable material, such as the contamination of lubricating oils by small amounts of diesel fuel or gasoline. This test method was designed to be more sensitive to potential contamination than Test Method D6450.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash point of fuels including diesel/biodiesel blends, lube oils, solvents, and other liquids by a continuously closed cup tester utilizing a specimen size of 2 mL, cup size of 7 mL, with a heating rate of 2.5 °C per minute.  
1.1.1 Apparatus requiring a specimen size of 1 mL, cup size of 4 mL, and a heating rate of 5.5 °C per minute must be run according to Test Method D6450.  
1.2 This flash point test method is a dynamic method and depends on definite rates of temperature increase. It is one of the many flash point test methods available and every flash point test method, including this one, is an empirical method.
Note 1: Flash point values are not a constant physical chemical property of materials tested. They are a function of the apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and the operational procedure carried out. Flash point can, therefore, only be defined in terms of a standard test method and no general valid correlation can be guaranteed between results obtained by different test methods or where different test apparatus is specified.  
1.3 This test method utilizes a closed but unsealed cup with air injected into the test chamber.  
1.4 The precision of this test method is applicable for testing samples with a flash point from 22.5 °C to 235.5 °C. Determinations below and above this range may be performed; however, the precision has not been established.  
1.5 If the user’s specification requires a defined flash point method other than this method, neither this method nor any other test method should be substituted for the prescribed test method without obtaining comparative data and an agreement from the specifier.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Temperatures are in degrees Celsius, pressure in kilo-Pascals.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2 and 8.5.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by th...

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ASTM
ASTM D665-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In many instances, such as in the gears of a steam turbine, water can become mixed with the lubricant, and rusting of ferrous parts can occur. This test indicates how well inhibited mineral oils aid in preventing this type of rusting. This test method is also used for testing hydraulic and circulating oils, including heavier-than-water fluids. It is used for specification of new oils and monitoring of in-service oils.
Note 3: This test method was used as a basis for Test Method D3603. Test Method D3603 is used to test the oil on separate horizontal and vertical test rod surfaces, and can provide a more discriminating evaluation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the ability of inhibited mineral oils, particularly steam-turbine oils, to aid in preventing the rusting of ferrous parts should water become mixed with the oil. This test method is also used for testing other oils, such as hydraulic oils and circulating oils. Provision is made in the procedure for testing heavier-than-water fluids.
Note 1: For synthetic fluids, such as phosphate ester types, the plastic holder and beaker cover should be made of chemically resistant material suitable for the type of fluid tested.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.4 – 7.6.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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