ASTM A602-94(2018)

Standard Specification for Automotive Malleable Iron Castings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers standards for castings of ferritic, pearlitic, tempered pearlitic, and tempered martensitic grades of malleable iron used in automotive products and industries. Castings shall be heat treated and shall be of Grades M3210, M4504, M5003, M5503, M7002, and M8501. Materials shall conform to the specified hardness range. Materials shall follow specified microstructure requirements based on distribution of temper-carbon nodules in the metal matrix. All grades shall have a minimum concentration of spheroidal primary carbides in the microstructure.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers castings of ferritic, pearlitic, tempered pearlitic, and tempered martensitic grades of malleable iron used in the products of the automotive and allied industries. Castings shall be heat treated to meet this specification.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2018
• ICS: 77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
• Technical Committee: A04 - Iron Castings
• Drafting Committee: A04.02 - Malleable and Ductile Iron Castings

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A602 −94 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Specification for
1
Automotive Malleable Iron Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A602; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope hardness readings. The area or areas on the casting where
hardness is to be checked shall be established by agreement
1.1 This specification covers castings of ferritic, pearlitic,
between supplier and purchaser and shown on the drawing.
tempered pearlitic, and tempered martensitic grades of mal-
leable iron used in the products of the automotive and allied
5. Microstructure Requirements
industries. Castings shall be heat treated to meet this specifi-
cation.
5.1 Grade M3210 Ferritic Malleable Iron:
5.1.1 The microstructure of Grade M3210 malleable iron
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
shall consist of temper-carbon nodules distributed in a matrix
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
of ferrite.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
5.1.2 Because of reaction with the annealing furnace
and are not considered standard.
atmosphere,somedepletionofcarbonandsiliconoccursatthe
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
surface of the castings. This usually results in a rim which can
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
consist of coarse lamellar pearlite underlying a graphite-free
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ferritic surface layer. If the pearlite layer is excessive, it can
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
result in poor machinability. The rim, therefore, shall not
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
exceed a depth greater than 0.050 in. (1.27 mm) as measured
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
from the casting surface.
5.1.3 The area below the rim can contain some pearlite;
2. Referenced Documents
however, it shall not exceed the amount shown in Fig. 1.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.2 Grades M4504, M5003, M7002, and M8501:
E10Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
5.2.1 The microstructure of these other grades of malleable
iron shall consist of temper-carbon nodules distributed in a
3. Grades
matrix of ferrite and lamellar pearlite or tempered pearlite in
3.1 The specified grades with required hardness range and
air-quenchedcastingsoramatrixoftemperedmartensiteinthe
final heat treatment are shown in Table 1.
case of liquid-quenched castings.
3.2 The foundry may also produce Grades M4504 and
5.2.2 Because of reaction with the annealing furnace
M5003byliquidquenchingandtemperingoralloying,orboth.
atmosphere,somedepletionofcarbonandsiliconoccursatthe
surface of the castings. This usually results in a rim which can
4. Hardness
consist of a graphite-free layer sometimes containing more or
4.1 The foundry shall exercise the necessary controls and
less combined carbon than the underlying material.
inspection procedures to ensure compliance with the specified
5.3 All grades shall be free of primary graphite.
hardnessrange.Hardnessreadingsshallbetakeninaccordance
5.4 All grades shall not exceed 2% spheroidal primary
with Test Method E10 after sufficient material has been
carbides in the microstructure.
removed from the casting surface to ensure representative
5.5 The maximum surface ferrite layer and denodularized
zone shall be measured after polishing, etching in nital, and
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron
viewing at 100×.
Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.02 on Malleable and
Ductile Iron Castings.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally
6. Quality Assurance
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as A602–94(2014).
DOI: 10.1520/A0602-94R18.
6.1 Sampling plans are a matter of agreement between
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
supplier and purchaser. The supplier shall employ adequate
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
equipment and controls to ensure that parts conform to the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. agreed-upon requirements.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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A602−94 (2018)
TABLE 1 Grades of Malleable Iron
Casting Hardness
Grade Heat Treatment
Range
M3210 156 HB max annealed
A
4.8 BID min
M4504 163
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A602 − 94 (Reapproved 2014) A602 − 94 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Specification for
1
Automotive Malleable Iron Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A602; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers castings of ferritic, pearlitic, tempered pearlitic, and tempered martensitic grades of malleable iron
used in the products of the automotive and allied industries. Castings shall be heat treated to meet this specification.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
3. Grades
3.1 The specified grades with required hardness range and final heat treatment are shown in Table 1.
3.2 The foundry may also produce Grades M4504 and M5003 by liquid quenching and tempering or alloying, or both.
4. Hardness
4.1 The foundry shall exercise the necessary controls and inspection procedures to ensure compliance with the specified
hardness range. Hardness readings shall be taken in accordance with Test Method E10 after sufficient material has been removed
from the casting surface to ensure representative hardness readings. The area or areas on the casting where hardness is to be
checked shall be established by agreement between supplier and purchaser and shown on the drawing.
5. Microstructure Requirements
5.1 Grade M3210 Ferritic Malleable Iron:
5.1.1 The microstructure of Grade M3210 malleable iron shall consist of temper-carbon nodules distributed in a matrix of
ferrite.
5.1.2 Because of reaction with the annealing furnace atmosphere, some depletion of carbon and silicon occurs at the surface of
the castings. This usually results in a rim which can consist of coarse lamellar pearlite underlying a graphite-free ferritic surface
layer. If the pearlite layer is excessive, it can result in poor machinability. The rim, therefore, shall not exceed a depth greater than
0.050 in. (1.27 mm) as measured from the casting surface.
5.1.3 The area below the rim can contain some pearlite; however, it shall not exceed the amount shown in Fig. 1.
5.2 Grades M4504, M5003, M7002, and M8501:
5.2.1 The microstructure of these other grades of malleable iron shall consist of temper-carbon nodules distributed in a matrix
of ferrite and lamellar pearlite or tempered pearlite in air-quenched castings or a matrix of tempered martensite in the case of
liquid-quenched castings.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.02 on Malleable and Ductile
Iron Castings.
Current edition approved April 1, 2014Nov. 1, 2018. Published April 2014November 2018. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 20092014 as
A602 – 94 (2009).(2014). DOI: 10.1520/A0602-94R14.10.1520/A0602-94R18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A602 − 94 (2018)
TABLE 1 Grades of Malleable Iron
Casting Hardness
Grade Heat Treatment
Range
M3210 156 HB max annealed
A
4.8 BID min
M4504 163–217 HB air quenched and tempered
A
4.7–4.1 BID
M5003 187–241 HB air quenched and tempered
A
4.4–3.9 BID
M5503 187–241 HB liquid quenched and tempered
A
4.4–3.9 BID
M7002 229–269 HB liquid quenched and tempered
A
4.0–3.7 BID
M8501 269–302 HB liquid quenched and tempered
A
3.7–3.5 BID
TABLE 1 Grades of Malleable Iron
Casting Hardness
Grade Heat Treatment
Range
M3210 156 HB ma
...