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ASTM F2280-14

(Specification)

Standard Specification for “Twist Off” Type Tension Control Structural Bolt/Nut/Washer Assemblies, Steel, Heat Treated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength (Withdrawn 2016)

Standard Specification for “Twist Off” Type Tension Control Structural Bolt/Nut/Washer Assemblies, Steel, Heat Treated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength (Withdrawn 2016)

ABSTRACT
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F16 on Fasteners,this specification was withdrawn in May 2016 and replaced by Specification  for High Strength Structural Bolts, Steeland Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 120 ksi (830 MPa) and 150 ksi (1040MPa) Minimum Tensile Strength, Inch and Metric Dimensions. Specification  supersedes and replaces specifications; A325, A325M, A490, A490M, F1852 and F2280. The unified Specification  corrects known inconsistencies in the original documents and the combination will assure that requirements of the products covered under the original standards stay aligned.  For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org,or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’sDocument Summary page on ASTM website.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This specification covers two types of heat treated, steel, tension control bolt-nut-washer assemblies, also referred to as “sets,” having a tensile strength of 150 to 173 ksi. These assemblies are capable of developing a minimum predetermined tension when installed by applying torque to the nut, while at the same time applying a counter torque to separate the spline end from the body of the bolt using an appropriate spline drive installation tool.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F16 on Fasteners, this specification was withdrawn in May 2016 and replaced by Specification F3125/F3125M for High Strength Structural Bolts, Steel and Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 120 ksi (830 MPa) and 150 ksi (1040 MPa) Minimum Tensile Strength, Inch and Metric Dimensions. Specification F3125/F3125M supersedes and replaces specifications; A325, A325M, A490, A490M, F1852 and F2280. The unified Specification F3125/F3125M corrects known inconsistencies in the original documents and the combination will assure that requirements of the products covered under the original standards stay aligned.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
31-Aug-2014
ICS
21.060.01 - Fasteners in general
Technical Committee
F16 - Fasteners
Drafting Committee
F16.02 - Steel Bolts, Studs and Nuts
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM F3125/F3125M-22 - Standard Specification for High Strength Structural Bolts and Assemblies, Steel and Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, Inch Dimensions 120 ksi and 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength, and Metric Dimensions 830 MPa and 1040 MPa Minimum Tensile Strength
Effective Date
02-Jun-2016
Referred By
ASTM F959/F959M-17a - Standard Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with Structural Fasteners, Inch and Metric Series
Effective Date
01-Sep-2014

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ASTM F2280-14 - Standard Specification for “Twist Off” Type Tension Control Structural Bolt/Nut/Washer Assemblies, Steel, Heat Treated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength (Withdrawn 2016)ASTM F2280-14 - Standard Specification for “Twist Off” Type Tension Control Structural Bolt/Nut/Washer Assemblies, Steel, Heat Treated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength (Withdrawn 2016)
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ASTM F2280-14 - Standard Specification for “Twist Off” Type Tension Control Structural Bolt/Nut/Washer Assemblies, Steel, Heat Treated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength (Withdrawn 2016)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F2280 −14
StandardSpecification for
“Twist Off” Type Tension Control Structural Bolt/Nut/Washer
Assemblies, Steel, Heat Treated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile
1
Strength
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2280; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.1 This specification covers two types of heat treated,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
steel, tension control bolt-nut-washer assemblies, also referred
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
to as “sets,” having a tensile strength of 150 to 173 ksi. These
assemblies are capable of developing a minimum predeter-
2. Referenced Documents
mined tension when installed by applying torque to the nut,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
whileatthesametimeapplyingacountertorquetoseparatethe
A490 Specification for Structural Bolts, Alloy Steel, Heat
splineendfromthebodyoftheboltusinganappropriatespline
Treated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
drive installation tool.
A563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
1.2 An assembly consists of a tension control bolt with
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
splineend(coveredbythisspecification)andasuitablenutand
cal Analysis of Steel Products
washer covered by reference to applicable ASTM specifica-
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
tions.
E1444 Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing
1.3 The fastener assemblies are intended for use in struc- F436 Specification for Hardened Steel Washers
tural connections. These connections, installation procedures, F606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Proper-
and the use of alternate design structural bolts are covered ties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,
under the requirements of the “Specification for Structural Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
Joints UsingASTM or A490 Bolts”, approved by the Research F788/F788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities of
Council on Structural Connections.
Bolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric Series
F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-
1.4 The assemblies are available with either round (button
chanical Properties and Performance Inspection
or dome) heads, heavy hex structural heads, or alternate design
F1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
1 1
heads described in Section 11 , in sizes ⁄2 to 1 ⁄8 in. inclusive,
F2328 Test Method for Determining Decarburization and
in two types specified in Section 4.
Carburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded Steel
1.5 Tension control bolts manufactured and marked in
Bolts, Screws, Studs, and Nuts
accordance with the requirements of Specification A490, and
G101 Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion Re-
conforming to the dimensional and other requirements of this
sistance of Low-Alloy Steels
specification, will be considered an acceptable alternate under 3
2.2 ASME Standards:
this specification for two years following initial publication.
B1.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads
1.6 The following precautionary statement pertains only to
B1.3M Screw Threads Gaging Systems for Dimensional
the test method portions, Sections 15 and 16, of this Specifi-
Acceptability—Inch and Metric Screw Threads
cation: This standard does not purport to address all of the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Nuts, Rivets and Washers. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2014. Published September 2014. Originally Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F2280–12. DOI: International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
10.1520/F2280-14. www.asme.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2280−14
B18.2.6 Fasteners for Use in Structural Applications 6.2 Thread—The threads of tension control bolts shall be
4
rolled.
2.3 Research Council on Structural Connections:
Specification for Structural
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Decarburization and carburization are two surface conditions created, either intentionally or unintentionally, as with a pre-existing condition created during the rod rolling process, the rod/wire annealing process, or while heat treating threaded steel products. Too much of either will adversely affect the safety and performance of the threaded product. Therefore, limits have been established for four different product groups: the harder and greater the tensile strength of the product, the more susceptible to failure the product becomes if these limits are exceeded.  
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1.1 This test method covers procedures for measuring, classifying, and determining the presence of decarburization and carburization in the threaded section of hardened and tempered metric steel bolts, screws, studs, nuts and similar parts which have been heated to facilitate fabrication or to modify their mechanical properties. This test method is not intended to address products which are intentionally carburized to achieve specific results.  
1.2 Two routine methods are described for measuring the limits of and determining the presence of decarburization or carburization; the Optical Method and the Microindentation Method 1. Either method is appropriate for routine examinations. The Microindentation Method 2 shall be considered the referee method.  
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ASTM F2328-17(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Decarburization and Carburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded Steel Bolts, Screws, Studs, and Nuts

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Decarburization and carburization are two surface conditions created, either intentionally or unintentionally, as with a pre-existing condition created during the rod rolling process, the rod/wire annealing process, or while heat treating threaded steel products. Too much of either will adversely affect the safety and performance of the threaded product. Therefore, limits have been established for three different product groups: the harder and greater the tensile strength of the product, the more susceptible to failure the product becomes if these limits are exceeded.  
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1.1 This test method covers procedures for measuring, classifying, and determining the presence of decarburization and carburization in the threaded section of hardened and tempered inch series steel bolts, screws, studs, nuts, and similar parts which have been heated to facilitate fabrication or to modify their mechanical properties. This test method is not intended to address products which are intentionally carburized to achieve specific results.  
1.2 Two routine methods are described for measuring the limits of and determining the presence of decarburization or carburization—the optical method and the microindentation method 1. Either method is appropriate for routine examinations. The microindentation method 2 shall be considered the referee method.  
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1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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This guide covers test procedures for performing accelerated tests to evaluate relative corrosion resistance of various coatings applied to mechanical fasteners. Corrosion mechanisms such as general and crevice corrosion may be evaluated with this method. Test duration may be selected to achieve any desired level of corrosion exposure and provides a frame of reference to determine relative coating resistance to corrosion. Fasteners tightened to a desired tension and subjected to this test procedure may be evaluated to simulate a variety of service conditions. Without large amounts of accumulated field results, it is difficult to relate test duration or the number of test cycles to actual service life for a given application.
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This specification covers nails, spikes, staples, and other fasteners driven by hand tool, power tool, or mechanical device in single or multiple strikes and are positioned by hand, tool, or machine. The driven fasteners are classified as type I: nails (NL); type II: cut nails (CN); type III: spikes (SP); and type IV: staples (ST). Materials shall be tested and the individual types shall conform to the material requirements and physical properties, such as ductility, tensile strength. Protective coating and finishes are also detailed.
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1.4 Fasteners in this specification are sold in bulk (loose) form and are collated for loading into the magazine of an application tool. Other than as covered in Section 9, Workmanship, cohering materials (including, but not limited to, plastic, adhesive bond, paper tape, plastic strip, plastic carrier, wire, etc.) and relative orientation of collated fasteners are not within the scope of this standard.  
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ABSTRACT
These test methods establishes the standard procedures for conducting tests to determine the mechanical properties of externally and internally threaded fasteners, washers and direct tension indicators, and rivets. For externally threaded fasteners, the mechanical tests describe the procedures for determining the following properties: product hardness; proof load by length measurement (Method 1), yield strength (Method 2), yield strength of austenitic stainless steel and nonferrous materials (Method 2A), and uniform hardness (Method 3); axial tension of full size products such as fasteners and studs; wedge tension of full size products such as fasteners and studs; tension of machined test specimens including yield point (by drop of the beam or halt of the pointer, autographic diagram, and total extension under load methods), yield strength (by offset, and extension under load methods), tensile strength, elongation, and reduction of area; and total extension at fracture. As for internally threaded fasteners including nonheat- and heat-treated nuts, tests are provided for the determination of product hardness, proof load, and cone proof load. Test for determining the surface and core hardnesses are, conversely, described for direct tension indicators, and through-hardened, carburized, stainless steel, and nonferrous washers. And finally, product hardness testing is described for rivets. The test method for determining embrittlement of metallic coated externally threaded fasteners is detailed as well.
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1.1 These test methods cover establishment of procedures for conducting tests to determine the mechanical properties of externally and internally threaded fasteners, washers, direct tension indicators, and rivets.  
1.2 Property requirements and the applicable tests for their determination are specified in individual product standards. In those instances where the testing requirements are unique or at variance with these standard procedures, the product standard shall specify the controlling testing requirements. In the absence of any specified test requirement(s), these test methods shall apply.  
1.3 These test methods describe mechanical tests for determining the following properties:    
Section    
For Externally Threaded Fasteners:  
3  
Product Hardness  
3.1  
Proof Load  
3.2.1  
Method 1, Length Measurement  
3.2.3  
Method 2, Yield Strength  
3.2.4  
Method 3, Uniform Hardness  
3.2.5  
Axial Tension Testing of Full-Size Product  
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Wedge Tension Testing of Full-Size Product  
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Tension Testing of Machined Test Specimens  
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Total Extension at Fracture Test
Single Sheer Test  
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3.8  
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4  
Product Hardness  
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Proof Load Test  
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Cone Proof Load Test  
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Product Hardness-General Requirements  
5.1  
Through Hardened Washers  
5.2  
Carburized Washers  
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Stainless Steel and Nonferrous Washers  
5.4  
Direct Tension Indicators  
5.5  
Compression Load  
5.6  
For Rivets:  
6  
Product Hardness  
6.1  
Test for Embrittlement of Metallic-Coated Externally Threaded Fasteners  
7  
Test Method for Determining Decarburization and Carburization  
8  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
Note 1: The values are stated in inch-pound for inch fasteners and SI metric units for metric fasteners.  
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ASTM F1940-07a(2019)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Process Control Verification to Prevent Hydrogen Embrittlement in Plated or Coated Fasteners

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method establishes a means to verify the prevention, to the extent possible, of IHE in steel fasteners during manufacture by maintaining strict controls during production operations such as surface preparation, pretreatments, and plating or coating. It is intended to be used as a qualification test for new or revised plating or coating processes and as a periodic inspection audit for the control of a plating or coating process.  
5.2 Passing this test allows fasteners to be stressed in tension to the minimum specified tensile load in air with almost no possibility of time delayed fracture in air as a result of IHE from processing. If the amount of residual hydrogen is not sufficient to induce cracking or fracture in the specimen under worst case conditions, then it can be concluded that all of the lots of fasteners processed during that period will not have sufficient residual hydrogen from processing to induce hydrogen embrittlement of the fasteners under stress in air if the process remains in control, unchanged and stable.  
5.3 If certified specimens with demonstrated sensitivity to IHE, processed with the fasteners, have a threshold ≥75 % of the incremental step load notched bend fracture stress, NFS(B)F1624, it is assumed that all fasteners processed the same way during the period will also pass any sustained load IHE test.
FIG. 1 Dimensional Requirements for a 0.4W-Notched Square Bar Bend Specimen
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to prevent, to the extent possible, internal hydrogen embrittlement (IHE) of fasteners by monitoring the plating or coating process, such as those described in Specifications F1137 and F1941. The process is quantitatively monitored on a periodic basis with a minimum number of specimens as compared to qualifying each lot of fasteners being plated or coated. Trend analysis is used to ensure quality as compared to statistical sampling analysis of each lot of fasteners. This test method consists of a mechanical test for the evaluation and control of the potential for IHE that may arise from various sources of hydrogen in a plating or coating process.  
1.2 This test method consists of a mechanical test, conducted on a standard specimen used as a witness, for the evaluation and control of the potential for IHE that may arise from various sources of hydrogen in a plating or coating process.  
1.3 This test method is limited to evaluating hydrogen induced embrittlement due only to processing (IHE) and not due to environmental exposure (EHE, see Test Method F1624).  
1.4 This test method is not intended to measure the relative susceptibility of steels to either IHE or EHE.  
1.5 This test method is limited to evaluating processes used for plating or coating ferrous fasteners.  
1.6 This test method uses a notched square bar specimen that conforms to Test Method F519, Type 1e, except that the radius is increased to accommodate the deposition of a larger range of platings and coatings. For the background on Test Method F519 testing, see publications ASTM STP 5432 and ASTM STP 962.3 The stress concentration factor is at a Kt = 3.1 ± 0.2. The sensitivity is demonstrated with a constant imposed cathodic potential to control the amount of hydrogen. Both the sensitivity and the baseline for residual hydrogen will be established with tests on bare metal specimens in air.  
1.7 The sensitivity of each lot of specimens to IHE shall be demonstrated. A specimen made of AISI E4340 steel heat treated to a hardness range of 50 to 52 HRC is used to produce a “worst case” condition and maximize sensitivity to IHE.  
1.8 The test is an accelerated (≤24 h) test method to measure the threshold for hydrogen stress cracking, and is used to quantify the amount of residual hydrogen in the specimen. The specimen undergoes sustained load and slow strain rate testing by using incremental loads and hold times under displacement control to measure a threshol...

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Standard Specification for Phosphate/Oil Corrosion Protective Coatings for Fasteners

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the basic physical requirements and test methods for phosphate/oil and phosphate/organic corrosion protective coatings for fasteners such as nuts, clips, washers, and other ferrous threaded and non-threaded fasteners that require corrosion protection. The zinc phosphate treatment and subsequent protective coatings are classified into seven grades according to the following requirements: Grade 0A consists of a zinc phosphate coating with no additional sealer (dry); Grade 0B consists of a zinc phosphate coating with a dry organic sealer; Grades 0C, 0D, and I consist of a zinc phosphate coating with supplemental protective oil type compound; and Grades II and III consist of a zinc phosphate with a supplemental zinc-rich epoxy resin coating (with the addition of a clear organic topcoat for Grade II). These coatings may or may not have a decorative finish. The coatings shall meet the requirements specified for appearance, adhesion, corrosion resistance, coating flexibility, thread fit, and dry-to-touch characteristics. In addition, they shall also undergo humidity and coating thickness tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the basic requirements for six grades of corrosion protection for fasteners. Grade A consists of a heavy zinc phosphate coating with no additional sealer (dry), Grade B consists of a heavy zinc phosphate coating with a dry organic sealer, Grade C consists of a heavy zinc phosphate coating with supplemental dry-to-touch oil type compound, Grade D consists of a heavy zinc phosphate coating with supplemental protective oil type compound, Grade E consists of a grain-refined microcrystalline zinc phosphate with supplemental oil type compound, and Grade F consists of a manganese phosphate coating with supplemental oil type compound.  
1.2 This specification is intended primarily for fasteners such as nuts, clips, washers, and other ferrous threaded and non-threaded fasteners that require corrosion protection and lubrication.  
1.3 These coatings may or may not have a decorative finish.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
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  • Technical specification
    3 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM F1136/F1136M-11(2019)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Zinc/Aluminum Corrosion Protective Coatings for Fasteners

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the basic requirements and associated test methods for water-based corrosion protective zinc/aluminum dispersion inorganic basecoats, and optional sealers and topcoats for fasteners. The basecoat can contain chrome (C) or be non-chrome (NC). These coatings are applied to ferrous parts by conventional dip-spin, dip-drain, or spray methods, which can be handled through a cleaning, coating, and baking operation, and which are not adversely affected by baking temperatures up to 330 °C. The coatings are classified into six grades (Grades 1 to 6) according to the required minimum basecoat thickness, and when tested, shall conform accordingly to appearance, adhesion, corrosion resistance, blister, thread fit, and hydrogen embrittlement requirements. The coating process does not induce the possibility of internal hydrogen embrittlement provided that the fasteners have not been cleaned or pre-treated with an acid or phosphate. Alkaline cleaning or vapor degreasing is required along with shot blasting to remove rust or scale. In this specification, units are presented in the metric scale.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the basic requirements for water-based zinc/aluminum dispersion inorganic basecoats and optional sealers and topcoats for fasteners. The basecoat can contain chrome (C) or be non-chrome (NC).  
1.2 These coatings are applied by conventional dip-spin, dip-drain, or spray methods to ferrous parts which can be handled through a cleaning, coating, and baking operation, and which are not adversely affected by baking temperatures up to 330 °C [626 °F].  
1.3 The coating process does not induce the possibility of internal hydrogen embrittlement providing that the fasteners have not been cleaned or pre-treated with an acid or phosphate. Alkaline cleaning or vapor degreasing is required along with shot blasting to remove rust or scale.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off