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ASTM A343-97

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Materials at Power Frequencies Using Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method and 25-cm Epstein Test Frame

Standard Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Materials at Power Frequencies Using Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method and 25-cm Epstein Test Frame

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers tests for the magnetic properties of basic flat-rolled magnetic materials at power frequencies (25 to 400 Hz) using a 25-cm Epstein test frame and the 25-cm double-lap-jointed core. It covers the determination of core loss, rms exciting power, rms and peak exciting current, and several types of ac permeability and related properties of flat-rolled magnetic materials under ac magnetization.  
1.2 This test method shall be used in conjunction with Practice A34.  
1.3 This test method  provides a test for core loss and exciting current at moderate and high inductions up to 15 kG (1.5T) on nonoriented electrical steels and up to 18 kG (1.8T) on grain-oriented electrical steels.  
1.4 The frequency range of this test method is normally that of the commercial power frequencies 50 to 60 Hz. With proper instrumentation it is also acceptable for measurements at other frequencies from 25 to 400 Hz.  
1.5 This test method also provides procedures for calculating ac impedance permeability from measured values of rms exciting current and for ac peak permeability from measured peak values of total exciting currents at magnetizing forces up to about 150 Oe (12 000 A/m).  
1.6 Explanation of symbols and abbreviated definitions appear in the text of this test method. The official symbols and definitions are listed in Terminology A340.
1.7 The values stated in either customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets except for the sections concerning calculations where there are separate sections for the respective unit systems. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the systems may result in nonconformance with this test method.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-1997
ICS
17.220.20 - Measurement of electrical and magnetic quantities
Technical Committee
A06 - Magnetic Properties
Drafting Committee
A06.01 - Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM A343/A343M-03 - Standard Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Materials at Power Frequencies Using Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method and 25-cm Epstein Test Frame
Effective Date
10-Jun-2003

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ASTM A343-97 - Standard Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Materials at Power Frequencies Using Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method and 25-cm Epstein Test FrameASTM A343-97 - Standard Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Materials at Power Frequencies Using Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method and 25-cm Epstein Test Frame
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ASTM A343-97 - Standard Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Materials at Power Frequencies Using Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method and 25-cm Epstein Test Frame
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A 343 – 97
Standard Test Method for
Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Materials at
Power Frequencies Using Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter
1
Method and 25-cm Epstein Test Frame
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 343; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the systems may result in nonconformance with
1.1 Thistestmethodcoverstestsforthemagneticproperties
this test method.
ofbasicflat-rolledmagneticmaterialsatpowerfrequencies(25
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
to 400 Hz) using a 25-cm Epstein test frame and the 25-cm
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
double-lap-jointed core. It covers the determination of core
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
loss, rms exciting power, rms and peak exciting current, and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
several types of ac permeability and related properties of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
flat-rolled magnetic materials under ac magnetization.
1.2 This test method shall be used in conjunction with
2. Referenced Documents
2
Practice A34.
3 2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3 This test method provides a test for core loss and
A34 Practice for Sampling and Procurement Testing of
exciting current at moderate and high inductions up to 15 kG
2
Magnetic Materials
[1.5T]onnonorientedelectricalsteelsandupto18kG[1.8T]
A340 Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to
on grain-oriented electrical steels.
2
Magnetic Testing
1.4 Thefrequencyrangeofthistestmethodisnormallythat
A347 Test Method forAlternating-Current Magnetic Prop-
of the commercial power frequencies 50 to 60 Hz.With proper
erties of Materials Using the Dieterly Bridge Method with
instrumentation,itisalsoacceptableformeasurementsatother
2
25-cm Epstein Frame
frequencies from 25 to 400 Hz.
A677 Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully
1.5 This test method also provides procedures for calculat-
2
Processed Types
ing ac impedance permeability from measured values of rms
A 677M Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel,
exciting current and for ac peak permeability from measured
2
Fully Processed Types (Metric)
peak values of total exciting currents at magnetizing forces up
A683 Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel, Semi-
to about 150 Oe [12 000 A/m].
2
processed Types
1.6 Explanation of symbols and abbreviated definitions
A 683M Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel,
appear in the text of this test method. The official symbols and
2
Semiprocessed Types (Metric)
definitions are listed in Terminology A340.
A 876 Specification for Flat-Rolled, Grain-Oriented,
1.7 The values stated in either customary (cgs-emu and
2
Silicon-Iron, Electrical Steel, Fully Processed Types
inch-pound) units or SI units are to be regarded separately as
A 876M Specification for Flat-Rolled, Grain-Oriented,
standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets
Silicon-Iron, Electrical Steel, Fully ProcessedTypes (Met-
except for the sections concerning calculations where there are
2
ric)
separate sections for the respective unit systems. The values
A889 Test Method forAlternating-Current Magnetic Prop-
stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each
ertiesofMaterialsatLowInductionsUsingtheWattmeter-
Varmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method and 25-cm (250-
2
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on mm) Epstein Frame
Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA6.01 on Test
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
Methods.
4
ASTM Test Methods
Current edition approved April 10, 1997. Published December 1997. Originally
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
published as A343–49. Last previous edition A343–93a.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.04.
3
SeeBurgwin,S.L.,“MeasurementofCoreLossandA-CPermeabilitywiththe
25-cm Epstein Frame,” Proceedings, American Society for Testing and Materials,
4
ASTEA Vol 41, 1941, p. 779. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
A 343–97
4
Determine the Precision of a Test Method sinusoidal flux waveform by u
...

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Note 1: In common usage the word “relative” is frequently dropped. The real part of complex relative permittivity ( ) is often referred to as simply relative permittivity, permittivity, or dielectric constant. The imaginary part of complex relative permittivity ( ) is often referred to as the loss factor. In anisotropic media, permittivity is described by a three dimensional tensor.
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ASTM
ASTM D3382-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Energy and Integrated Charge Transfer Due to Partial Discharges (Corona) Using Bridge Techniques

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are useful in research and quality control for evaluating insulating materials and systems since they provide for the measurement of charge transfer and energy loss due to partial discharges(4) (5) (6).  
5.2 Pulse measurements of partial discharges indicate the magnitude of individual discharges. However, if there are numerous discharges per cycle it is occasionally important to know their charge sum, since this sum is related to the total volume of internal gas spaces that are discharging, if it is assumed that the gas cavities are simple capacitances in series with the capacitances of the solid dielectrics (7) (8).  
5.3 Internal (cavity-type) discharges are mainly of the pulse (spark-type) with rapid rise times or the pseudoglow-type with long rise times, depending upon the discharge governing parameters existing within the cavity. If the rise times of the pseudoglow discharges are too long , they will evade detection by pulse detectors as covered in Test Method D1868. However, both the pseudoglow discharges irrespective of the length of their rise time as well as pulseless glow are readily measured either by Method A or B of Test Methods D3382.  
5.4 Pseudoglow discharges have been observed to occur in air, particularly when a partially conducting surface is involved. It is possible that such partially conducting surfaces will develop with polymers that are exposed to partial discharges for sufficiently long periods to accumulate acidic degradation products. Also in some applications, like turbogenerators, where a low molecular weight gas such as hydrogen is used as a coolant, it is possible that pseudoglow discharges will develop.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover two bridge techniques for measuring the energy and integrated charge of pulse and pseudoglow partial discharges:  
1.2 Test Method A makes use of capacitance and loss characteristics such as measured by the transformer ratio-arm bridge or the high-voltage Schering bridge (Test Methods D150). Test Method A has been found useful to obtain the integrated charge transfer and energy loss due to partial discharges in a dielectric from the measured increase in capacitance and tan δ with voltage. (See also IEEE 286 and IEEE 1434)  
1.3 Test Method B makes use of a somewhat different bridge circuit, identified as a charge-voltage-trace (parallelogram) technique, which indicates directly on an oscilloscope the integrated charge transfer and the magnitude of the energy loss due to partial discharges.  
1.4 Both test methods are intended to supplement the measurement and detection of pulse-type partial discharges as covered by Test Method D1868, by measuring the sum of both pulse and pseudoglow discharges per cycle in terms of their charge and energy.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5388-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Indirect Measurements of Discharge by Step-Backwater Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is particularly useful for determining the discharge when it cannot be measured directly (such as during high flow conditions) by some type of current meter to obtain velocities and with sounding weights to determine the cross section (refer to Test Method D3858). This test method requires only one high-water elevation, unlike the slope-area test method that requires numerous high-water marks to define the fall in the reach. It can be used to determine a stage-discharge relation without data from several high-water events.  
5.1.1 The user is encouraged to verify the theoretical stage-discharge relation with direct current-meter measurements when possible.  
5.1.2 To develop a rating curve, plot stage versus discharge for several discharges and their computed stages on a rating curve together with direct current-meter measurements.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the computation of discharge of water in open channels or streams using representative cross-sectional characteristics, the water-surface elevation of the upstream-most cross section, and coefficients of channel roughness as input to gradually-varied flow computations.2  
1.2 This test method produces an indirect measurement of the discharge for one flow event, usually a specific flood. The computed discharge may be used to define a point on the stage-discharge relation.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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